高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第1讲细节理解题课件.pptx

1、模 块 一语 篇 能 力专题一 阅读理解第1讲细节理解题高频考点研析透细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解，特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。考点1 直接细节题直接细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。题目一般就文中的某一具体事实细节设题，设问方式多为以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句，在原文中可

2、直接找到答案。直接细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，“题干定位法”是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法：第一步：根据题干内容提取关键信息定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子；第二步：运用跳读、略读技巧快速在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，迅速定位原文，找出相关的句子；第三步：分析比对选项与文中细节，得出正确答案。(2020全国A)Train InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of

3、a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.Lost property(失物招领)Call

4、 Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:33 am to 5:00 pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certain major event day

5、s,i.e.Australia Day,Anzac Day,sporting and cultural days,special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.Before travel please visit .au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from

6、the car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17Guardian trains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:44 pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7:33 pm7:22 pmCentralVarsity Lakes8:55 pm8:55 pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9:55 pm11:11 pmRoma StreetVarsity Lake

7、s11:22amWhat would you do to get ticket information?ACall 13 16 17 BVisit .au.CAsk at the local station.DCheck the train schedule.【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出题干关键词ticket information第二步：迅速定位到第一段第二句“For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30(车票信息请到您所在的车站询问或拨打131230查询。)”。仔细对比选项，进而确定答

8、案。故选C。考点2 间接细节题考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句式结构)改头换面，或者把文中信息整合归纳，来表达相同的意思。在做间接细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，以及表达方式，最后确定选项。第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词；第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式(同义词、近义词、释义等)，或者对原文的概括归纳，锁定原文相关信息；第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化或对原文概括归纳。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，或者用一句话概括

9、归纳原文的某一部分，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。(2020全国B)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chi

10、cago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed vide

11、o recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasks that a

12、ssessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles mo

13、re frequently,and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were publishe

14、d in the journal Developmental Science.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?AThey play with puzzles more often.BThey tend to talk less during the game.CThey prefer to use more spatial language.DThey are likely to play with tougher puzzles.【解题示范】第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：differ from girls。第二步：迅速定位到倒数第二段

15、“However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls”可知，男孩比女孩更倾向于玩较复杂的拼图。仔细对比选项，tougher替换了文中的“more complex”。故选D。考点3 数字计算题既然是阅读理解题，数字计算题并不是真正考查考生的数学计算能力，主要仍是考查考生对文中涉及一些数字的某部分和题干的理解能力，数学计算方面是很基础的简单的。1审明题干要求，提取题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。2弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。3特殊信息词应注意：(1)特殊数字：de

16、cade十年；fortnight两周；double两倍；couple两个；score二十；dozen十二。(2)特殊词汇：off削价，减价；discount折扣。(2018江苏高考A篇)Admission$25.00 recommended for adults,$12.00 recommended for students,includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day；free for children under 12 with an adult.56How much may they pay if an 1

17、1-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A$12 B$37 C$50 D$62【解题示范】细节理解题。根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00 recommended for adults,$12.00 recommended for students,includes the Main Building and The Cloisters on the same day；free for children under 12 with an adult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下

18、儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。通过计算可知答案应为C项。考点4 细节排序题细节排序题一般就是要求考生把所给四个选项按语篇中事情发生的时间先后顺序进行排序。第一步：审读题干，根据原文和四个选项的内容，首先确定首和尾；第二步：根据首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围。如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案；第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围，以确定答案。(2021广东广州市高三一模)The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van

19、Leeuwenhoek,a man of no formal scientific education.In the late 1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth,built some of the first microscopes.He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny,rounded lenses,some of which could magnify an object up to 270 time

20、s.After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens,Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures,which he called“animalcules”His observations,which he reported to the Royal Society of London,are among the first descriptions of microbes,Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire univ

21、erse invisible to the human eye.He found different microbes in samples of pond water,rain water,and human blood.He gave the first description of red blood cells,observed plant tissue,examined muscle,and investigated the life cycle of insects.Nearly two hundred years later,Leeuwenhoeks discovery of m

22、icrobes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his“theory of disease”This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body.Pasteurs theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox

23、,tetanus,and typhoid.All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoeks original work.Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.In a 1716 letter,he described his contribution to science this way：“My work,which Ive done for a long time,was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy,but ch

24、iefly from a strong desire for knowledge,which I notice resides in me more than in most other men.And therefore,whenever I found out anything remarkable,I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper,so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”22What is the correct order

25、 for the following events?aMagnifying lenses were built.bThe“theory of disease”was put forward.cMicrobes were discovered in samples of waters.dLeeuwenhoeks first microscopes were successfully developed.eLeeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.Aadceb.Bdaceb.Cadcbe.Ddaebc.【解题示范】细节

26、排序题。根据第一段中“In the late 1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth,built some of the first microscopes.He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny,rounded lenses,some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.(17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhoek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第

27、一批显微镜。他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量，其中一些可以将物体放大270倍。)”可知，a“制造了放大镜。”排在第一，d“Leeuwenhoek的第一批显微镜被成功研制出来。”排在第二，故排除B、D选项；根据第二段中“He found different microbes in samples of pond water,rain water,and human blood.(他在池塘水、雨水和人类血液的样本中发现了不同的微生物。)”可知c“在水的样本中发现了微生物。”排在第三；根据最后一段中“In a 1716 letter,he described his contribution

28、 to science this way(在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述了自己对科学的贡献)”可知，e“Leeuwenhoek 解释了他对自己的贡献的看法。”排第四；以及第三段中“Nearly two hundred years later,Leeuwenhoeks discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his theory of disease(近200年后，列文虎克对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家巴斯德发展了他的“疾病理论”。)”可知，b“提出了疾病理论。”排第五。可知，事件的正确顺序是adceb。故选A。