2022届高考英语二轮专题复习4七选五说明文.docx

1、七选五（说明文）1(2020潍坊市高考模拟)If you have an iPod or a phone that plays music, the Sony Walkman may look like ancient history.But when it came out fortyone years ago, it completely changed how people listened to music._1_Small portable(便携的) radios didnt sound good and usually came with just a small earphone

2、 that went in one ear.There were boom boxeslarge music players which sounded good and could be turned up loud.But they were huge and heavy.Almost any way someone could listen to music meant that everyone around them would have to listen to their music, too.On July 1,1979, Sony introduced a product c

3、alled the “Walkman”. The “walk” part of the name was important._2_ These days, we are very used to that idea, but in 1979, it was pretty special.Another thing that was special was how good it sounded.Compared to the headphones we have now, the quality wasnt great.But back then, the sound amazed peop

4、le._3_Many people thought it wouldnt sell very well because it couldnt record music.However, the Walkman was hugely popular._4_ But whoever made the device, most people kept using the name “Walkman”.On a phone or other music players today, you might have hundreds or thousands of songs.But the select

5、ion on the Walkman was much more limited._5_ If you wanted to go to a certain song, you would need to wind or rewind through the rest of the tape to get to the song you wanted to hear.The cassette Walkman was a big success.It started the trend of “personal” music that led to the iPod, the iPhone, an

6、d the other musicplaying devices we use today.A. The Walkman then could only play cassette tapes.B. Soon other companies were imitating Sonys device.C. It almost felt like the music was playing inside your head.D. The tape needed to be taken out and turned over to play the other side.E. It meant tha

7、t you could listen to your own music as you walked around.F. The first Walkman actually allowed you to share your music with a friend.G. Before the Walkman came out，there wasnt a good portable way to listen to music.【答案】1. G 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. A【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“随身听”的由来及其发展历史。1. 考查承上启下句。根据第一段最后一句可知，

8、当随身听问世时，它彻底改变了人们听音乐的方式。再结合第二段空后的内容可知，本段主要介绍了随身听出现之前人们听音乐的方式及其不便之处，故G项“随身听问世之前，还没有好的便携的听音乐的途径”符合语境。2. 考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“The walk part of the name was important”可知，空处应是对这一内容的进一步阐释，故E项“这意味着你可以在四处走动时听你自己的音乐”符合语境。E项中的“walked”与上文的“walk”之间的对应关系亦是提示。3. 考查细节支撑句。空前提到，和我们现在的耳机相比，随身听的音质不是很好。但那时候，(它发出的)声音让人吃惊。由此可知，空

9、处应是对前面句子的补充，进一步说明这令人吃惊的声音，故C项“那感觉几乎就像是音乐在你脑海里播放”符合语境。4. 考查承上启下句。空前提到随身听非常受欢迎。空后说但无论是谁制造这种设备，大多数人继续使用“随身听”这个名字。故B项“很快其他公司开始模仿索尼的设备”符合语境。5. 考查细节支撑句。根据空前的“On a phone or other music players today.much more limited”可知，现在，在手机或者其他音乐播放器上你可能有数百首或数千首歌曲可选择，但随身听上的选择要有限得多。由此可知，空处所述内容应与随身听提供的选择有限相关。故A项“随身听只能播放盒式磁

10、带”符合语境。2A “gap year” is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university, or before a postgraduate course. _6_That helps young people with useful learning experiences, new skills and makes them more independent. Employers and universities want to see evidence of enterprise, m

11、aturity and commitment.Many choose to do voluntary work. This could include teaching in the mountains in Nepal, a conservation project in Madagascar. _7_The top five travel destinations were Tibet, Indonesia, Taiwan, Eastern Europe and Canada._8_Some young people look for work if they need to earn m

12、oney for accommodation and food. Popular jobs include bar work, fruit picking and being a tour guide.Julie Taylor graduated from Hull University and now works as a manager in an international company. She says:“During my gap year, I spent four months in Kenya teaching English, art and physical educa

13、tion to children aged 8-18. _9_I am very happy that I didnt head off to university straight after school because I learned a lot about myself. I worked beforehand to pay for the trip, showing I had good self-motivation and organizational skills, and I was able to get by on very little money. Employe

14、rs see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m shows strength and determination. _10_”A. How do the students like it?B. It is often spent in traveling or working.C. Not everyone can put that on their resumes (简历)!D. I am very proud that I worked and travelled a lot there.E.Lots of gap year students j

15、ust want to see more of the world.F.Then I travelled the country and even climbed Mount Kenya.G.Most students for a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the trip.【答案】6. B7. E8. G9. F10. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了间隔年和学生在间隔年的活动。6. 根据前句“A “gap year” is a period of time when a student takes a brea

16、k before going to university, or before a postgraduate course.(“间隔年”是指学生在上大学或研究生课程之前的一段时间。)”可知，这里介绍“间隔年”的定义和用途。所以选择项B“It is often spent in traveling or working.(通常用于旅游或工作。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“It”代指前句中的“gap year”。故选B。7. 根据后句“The top five travel destinations were Tibet, Indonesia, Taiwan, Eastern Europe and

17、 Canada. (排名前五的旅游目的地分别是西藏、印度尼西亚、台湾、东欧和加拿大。)”可知，很多学生利用间隔年来旅游，多看看世界。所以选择项E“Lots of gap year students just want to see more of the world. (很多间隔年的学生只是想多看看世界。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。8. 根据前句“Some young people look for work if they need to earn money for accommodation and food. (一些年轻人如果需要挣钱住宿和买食物，就去找工作。)”可知，这里介绍为“间隔

18、年”旅行需要做的准备。所以选择项G“Most students for a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the trip. (大多数学生在间隔年做兼职工作，为旅行攒钱。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“job”和前句中的“work”相一致。故选G。9. 根据前句“She says: “During my gap year, I spent four months in Kenya teaching English, art and physical education to children aged 8-18. (她说：“在我的

19、间隔年，我花了4个月在肯尼亚教8-18岁的孩子英语、艺术和体育。)”可知，这里介绍Julie Taylor在间隔年的经历。所以选择项F“Then I travelled the country and even climbed Mount Kenya. (然后我游历了这个国家，甚至还爬上了肯尼亚山。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“Kenya”和前句中的“Kenya”相一致。故选F。10. 根据前文“I worked beforehand to pay for the trip, showing I had good self-motivation and organizational skill

20、s, and I was able to get by on very little money. Employers see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m shows strength and determination. (我提前工作来支付这次旅行的费用，这表明我有良好的自我激励和组织能力，而且我能够靠很少的钱生活。雇主们认为爬到4985米的高度显示了力量和决心。)”可知，这里介绍Julie Taylor在间隔年所体现的良好优点。所以选择项C“Not everyone can put that on their resumes (简历)!(不

21、是每个人都能把这些写进简历的！)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“that”代指前句中Julie Taylor的良好优点。故选C。3My dad passed away yesterday and I am processing everything. Its hard to try and find positivity in my pain, but my Dad taught me so much when he was healthy, and when he wasnt, I wanted to share some of the lessons.Be on the phone less.

22、 This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no checking my phone because it really didnt matter._11_This was a moment I needed to remember and I would have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey._12_Sometimes we need people to lean on My mom and dad needed a

23、lot of help. I needed a lot of help. We were surrounded by people willing to help us and instead of shutting them out like weve done in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed.Not everyone will understand your experience._13_Just knowing people are here for us means a lot, but I a

24、lso know that no one will fully understand my experience and thats okay as we are all different.Family is not necessarily the people who brought you into this world. I am adopted and I know we chose each other._14_ I also loved my father very much.Theres nothing more important than being with the on

25、es you love. I was able to hold my Dad when he took his last breath. My mom and I made sure that my dad knew he was loved through this journey._15_Everything else is secondary.A. All that mattered was him.B. Love is what truly matters.C. Surround yourself with a support system.D. And he loved me mor

26、e than anyone on this Earth.E.Its okay not to remember the reason for everythingF.Really, we can handle more than we ever thought possible.G.This was a long and hard journey for my mom and I and all of those who care about us.【答案】11. A12. C13. G14. D15. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了和家人在爸爸最后的时刻里一直陪伴爸爸，并用自己的亲身经历

27、给我们分享了一些经验。11. 根据上一句“This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no checking my phone because it really didnt matter.”这条似乎很奇怪，但在他最后的时刻，我全神贯注，没有查看手机，因为这真的不重要。以及下一句“This was a moment I needed to remember and I would have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey.”这

28、是我需要记住的时刻，如果我在他的这段旅程中分心了，我会后悔的。可知，此处内容与此时重要的是作者的爸爸有关，选项A“重要的是他。”符合题意。故选A。12. 根据下文“Sometimes we need people to lean on My mom and dad needed a lot of help. I needed a lot of help. We were surrounded by people willing to help us and instead of shutting them out like weve done in the past, we let them

29、in and it was exactly what we needed.”有时我们需要人们让我妈妈依靠，我的爸爸需要很多帮助。我需要很多帮助。我们周围都是愿意帮助我们的人，我们没有像过去那样把他们拒之门外，而是让他们进来，这正是我们所需要的。可知，此处内容与让周围那些愿意帮忙的人帮助自己有关，选项C“给自己一个支持系统。”符合题意。故选C。13. 根据下一句“Just knowing people are here for us means a lot, but I also know that no one will fully understand my experience and t

30、hats okay as we are all different.”知道有人在身边对我们来说意义重大，但我也知道没有人会完全理解我的经历，这没关系，因为我们都是不同的。可知，此处内容与这是一个漫长且辛苦的旅程有关，选项G“对我和我的母亲以及所有关心我们的人来说，这是一个漫长而艰难的旅程。”符合题意。故选G。14. 根据下一句“I also loved my father very much.”我也非常爱我的父亲。可知，此处内容与作者的爸爸非常爱作者有关，选项D“他爱我胜过世上任何人。”符合题意。故选D。15. 根据下一句“Everything else is secondary”其他一切都是

31、次要的。可知，此处内容与爱才是真的重要的有关，选项B“爱才是真正重要的。”符合题意。故选B。4(2020济南市高三年级模拟)Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art.Few businesses can run nowadays without computers._16_ Researchers from Princeton University conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those

32、 who typed notes on a lecture._17_ Participants were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later.And handwriting emerged as the champion._18_ The typers had a significant edge when it came to notetaking efficiency.The typers could copy down significantly many more word

33、s than the writers, sometimes even transcribing the content of the lecture word for word.But while more of the lectures content was retained (保留) on paper when typing, it wasnt necessarily retained in participants heads._19_ On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or le

34、ss equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions.As for the later quiz, the results were similar.Students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had

35、passed.These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas._20_A. The tests that the participants took proved this.B. The efficiency of handwriting might best benefit you.C. Thats not to say that typing doesnt have its benefits.D. In this study，the laptops were only used to take notes.

36、E. Generally speaking，typing also has its own disadvantages.F. But what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance in society?G. Clearly，writing by hand is one of the things that can make you smarter.【答案】16. F 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. G【解析】本文是说明文。通过对比实验说明手写笔记比用电脑记笔记有更多的优势。16. 考查承上启下句。根据上文所陈述事实

37、和下文提到的实验可知，F项符合语境。首句“Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art”与该选项中losing和loses相呼应。17. 考查细节支撑句。根据空前实验目的和空后实验结果可知，此处是实验中对电脑使用的条件限制。18. 考查段落主旨句。此空位于该段句首。根据空后内容可知该段陈述的是用电脑记笔记的优势。19. 考查细节支撑句。根据语境可知，空后内容是对实验结果的陈述，故A项符合语境。20. 考查段落主旨句。所填句是对最后两段实验结果的总结概括。5(2020兰州高三诊断考试)Learning to Give a Pep Talk (打气)Eve

38、ryone wants to be the type of person who gives the critical talk that turns around a friends outlook.However, giving a good pep talk isnt easy._21_. You need to not only listen and understand, but also stress the other persons strengths.You also need to know when to stop talking.“A lot of people thi

39、nk they are giving a pep talk, but they are just saying what they would want to hear,” says Stacy Kaiser, a psychotherapist (心理治疗师) in Los Angeles.Instead of instantly telling someone what to do, ask him what action he has thought about taking and why he thinks it will be beneficial.“Dont jump right

40、 in and insist Youll be fine,” says Kaiser._22_. Repeat the concerns for the person out loud, so he feels heard.Then, show your friend that you believe in him and that he has what it takes to get through this hard time.Stress his strengths._23_. You cant guarantee success, but you can remind the per

41、son that he has been through a tough time before and has gotten through it.At last, Kaiser says you must know when to stop.“_24_. Dont argue if the person disagrees with what you are saying.Instead, tell him I am sorry you are having such a hard time. And then back down.”Kaiser says he has learned t

42、o give good pep talks by giving bad ones.He lost a number of loved ones during a short period.“Timing is everything.” There is a time to give a pep talk, and there is a time to just listen._25_.A. Let your friend have his momentB. Give your pep talk and then shut upC. Arguing with your friend makes

43、no senseD. Show your friend that you understand why he is sadE. He isnt interested in what his best friends really needF. It requires an understanding of what your audience needsG. It is also important to remember that pep talks are about hope【答案】21. F 22. D 23. G 24. B 25. A【解析】本文是说明文。主要论述了给别人打气的方法

44、，包括关心令朋友伤心的事情、注意倾听、将时间交给朋友、选择合适时机停止说话等。21. 根据下文可知，你不仅需要倾听和理解，还要强调别人的长处，知道在什么时候停止说话；据此可以推知，你需要理解你的听众需要什么。故F项正确。22. 根据后一句“Repeat the concerns for the person out loud, so he feels heard”可知，你要大声说出对这个人的关心；据此可以推知，空处表示“要向朋友表现出你理解他为什么会伤心”。故D项正确。23. 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段主题句，根据空后的“You cant guarantee success.has g

45、otten through it”可以推知，该段主要陈述要鼓励朋友看到希望。故C项与此处匹配。24. 由前一句可知，本段主要陈述选择时机停止说话；结合下文可知，在鼓励朋友之后，选择恰当时机停止说话，而不是和朋友争论。故B项正确。25. 根据上句中的“and there is a time to just listen”可知，在给朋友打气时要学会倾听，将时间交给朋友。故A项正确。6(2020福州市高三毕业班适应性练习卷)You probably think of food poisoning as something that you might pick up at a greasy spoo

46、n or an outdoor barbecue stand._26_The way you handle food in your own kitchenwhich, unlike a restaurant, doesnt have to conform to health regulationscan just as easily make you sick.Here are some most overlooked food safety guidelines.Wash your hands properly.This might seem like the most obvious f

47、ood safety practice.However, most people dont bother to do it.And the minority that does wash doesnt do it properlywhich might be even more dangerous, because they think theyre protecting themselves and their families, when they arent._27_28_Chances are youve probably taken a bite of something in th

48、e fridge thats just a bit past the expiration date, in an effort to see if its safe to eat the rest of it.If its gone dangerously bad, it should taste extremely unpleasant, right? _29_According to the United States Department of Agriculture, there is one type of bacteria which typically doesnt alter

49、 the taste, smell or appearance of food.Wash fruit and veggies, even if youre going to peel (削皮) them._30_The problem is that when you cut away the unwashed skin and then use the same knife to cut up whats underneath that, you actually may be spreading bacteria from the outside to the previously pri

50、stine inside.In fact, you can contaminate(弄脏) the veggies further if your salad bowl or sink is not clean.A. Not necessarily.B. Better safe than sorry.C. Dont taste food to see if its good.D. However you wash your hands，at least wash them.E. Why wash them when you are not going to eat the skin?F. Bu

51、t those arent the only places you might get food poisoning.G. You are supposed to wet your hands with running water，apply soap and wash for at least 20 seconds.【答案】26. F 27. G 28. C 29. A 30. E【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了在我们日常生活中一些被忽视的食物安全指南，包括正确地洗手、削皮前也要洗水果和蔬菜等。26. 空前一句是说你可能认为在低档餐馆或户外烧烤摊你可能会食物中毒，空后一句是说你在自己厨房里处

52、理食物的方式也容易使你生病，故F项符合语境。27. 根据该段的标题Wash your hands properly.可知，该段是讲正确洗手的内容，故G项“你应该用流动的水弄湿你的手，涂上肥皂，至少洗20秒”与此处匹配。28. 此处为该段的标题。根据本段内容可知，食物的味道、气味或外观即使没有变化，过了保质期的食物并不一定可以安全食用，故C项“不要品尝食物以确认其是否是好的”总结该段内容。29. 根据语境可知，空处应是对前一句问句的回答，空后一句是说有一种细菌不会改变食物的味道、气味或外观，故A项符合语境。30. 根据该段标题可知，该段讲的是水果和蔬菜去皮前要清洗的内容，结合空后一句的内容可知，E项符合语境，故选E项。10