2022年高考英语一轮复习 语法专题9 名词性从句课件 新人教版.pptx

1、语法专题九 名词性从句-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2020天津,单项填空)The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph had said.what句意:为了让Joseph教授所说的话成为现实,这个学生完成了这项实验。分析句子结构可知,make后要接宾语从句,what在此处引导宾语从句,且在从句中做had said的宾语。2.(2019全国,语篇填空)While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence they range all the way a

2、cross the Arctic.that空格前面的单词是evidence,空格后面的句子用来说明evidence的内容,由此判断是同位语从句。所填的词在句中不做句子成分,所以填that。-3-高考感悟考点归纳3.(2018全国,语篇填空)Im not sure is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.whoIm not sure后面接宾语从句,所以用who指“我”不确定“我”和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点。4.(2017北京,单项填空)Every year,makes

3、 the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.whoever句意:每年,凡是制作出最精美的风筝的人将在风筝节上获奖。whoever在此处相当于anyone/anybody who,引导主语从句。-4-高考感悟考点归纳5.(2016北京,单项填空)Your support is important to our work.you can do helps.Whatever句意:你的支持对我们的工作来说十分重要,你所做的一切对我们都有帮助。“Whatever you can do”在句中做主语,do后缺少宾语,故应用W

4、hatever(任何事情)来引导主语从句。-5-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六-6-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertai

5、n,but it was probably around 1565.马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。That she will succeed is certain.=It is certain that she will succeed.她肯定会成功。-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2.it做形式主语的常见句型(1

6、)It is+名词(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+that从句。It is no surprise that we will win the match.我们将会赢得比赛这一点也不惊奇。(2)It is+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+that从句。It is certain that he will come.他肯定会来。(3)It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expect

7、ed,decided,announced等)+that从句。It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived.据说史密斯先生已经到了。-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。We must find out when Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.我们必须弄清楚卡尔会在什么时候来,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。Its good to know that the dogs will

8、be well cared for while were away.得知在我们离开期间这些狗将会受到很好的照顾真是太好了。I dont think(that)you are right.我认为你不对。-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。3.hate,enjoy,like,lov

9、e,dislike,see to等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我不喜欢他们吃着东西说话。4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。Im sure that they can make it.我确定他们会成功。-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.跟在be动词或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。The best moment for the football player w

10、as when he scored thewinning goal.对足球运动员来说最好的时刻就是他进决胜球的时候。As John Lennon once said,life is what/whatever happens to youwhile you are busy making other plans.正如约翰列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时所发生在你身上的事情。The message of the movie is that humans want peace,not war.这部电影传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2.主句

11、主语为idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。His suggestion is that we(should)change our course.他建议我们改变航线。3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless.这起事故的原因是司机太大意。-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六4.be

12、cause,as if,as though,as等也可引导表语从句。From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-onepercent of its surface is covered by water.从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,proble

13、m,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。The fact that college students are financially dependent on theirparents is nothing new.大学生在经济上依靠父母的这一事实并不是什么新鲜事。People all over the world have a dream that they will always live apeaceful life.全世界的人民都有一个梦想,即永远过着和平的生活。-15-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2

14、.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;thats one of his favourite universities.昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗?是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。The th

15、ought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想到敌人可能已逃离这座城市。-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。You can complain,but I doubt whether it will make any difference.你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。There is no doubt th

16、at we will have an exam next week.毫无疑问下周我们要考试。-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if:1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。We should discuss the question whether we can finish it on timecarefully

17、.我们应该认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。It all depends on whether they will lend us the money.这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。4.与or not直接连用时。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing.我不知道他是否已经到达了北京。5.后接动词不定式时。I dont know whether to go to the party.我不知道是否去参加聚会。-19-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六1.tha

18、t 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不做介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分)他考试没及格令我很惊讶。He is a good student except that he is a little careless.除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。-20-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定

19、语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is what mymother used to tell me.(what 指“说的话”)“每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶,”这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。A ship in harbour is safe,but thats not what ships are built for.(做for的宾语,意思为“什么样的用途”)船停泊在港湾里会很安全,

20、但人们把它造出来可不是这个目的。-21-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(做定语,意思为“什么样的”)你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。He lives in what we call“spring city”.(表示“的地方”)=He lives in the place that we call“spring city”.他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。You dont know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中)你不知

21、道他们是多么好的学生。-22-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六3.which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one?I will buy the book which you choose for you.告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的?我给你买你选中的那本。4.A is to B what C is to D.A对于B 就像C对于D一样。A

22、ir is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。-23-.单句填空1.Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.(2019江苏,单项填空)that句意:科学家们已经获得了更多的证据,表明塑料正在进入人体。分析句子结构可知,后面的句子解释说明evidence的内容,所以是同位语从句,连接词在从句中不做成分,所以填that。2.Its so important you need to get a certain amou

23、nt of water each day.(2019山东济南外国语学校模拟)that句意:重要的是你每天要喝一定量的水。it是形式主语,所填的词在句中不做成分,所以用that。-24-3.This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2019辽宁八校联考)what句意:这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。此处是表语从句,该空在从句中做taught的宾语,所以用what引导。4.The gold medal will be awarded to wins first p

24、lace in the bicycle race.(2019江苏南通模拟)whoever句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。-25-5.Taking a boat is the only way to get here,which is we arrived.(2019江苏徐州一中模拟)how句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,is后面为表语从句。根据takinga boat可知,此处用how引导表语从句,表示“如何”。6.They were cons

25、ulting a map and seemed confused,so I asked them they were looking for.(2018宁夏育才中学模考)what分析句子成分可知,此处是宾语从句,题空处做介词for的宾语,故填what。7.My first task was to decide where I could go and I could get there.(2018山东师大附中二模)how句意:我的首要任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。根据句意可知设空处表示“如何”,故填how。-26-8.Success partially depends on you have

26、 the patience to do simple things perfectly.(2018福建安溪模拟)whether句意:成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句,做介词on的宾语,意为“是否”,故填whether。9.They wanted to understand who painted the pictures and they might mean.what由该句结构可知,空处为宾语从句的连接词,且空处在从句中做动词mean的宾语,故用what。10.I dont know she will be admitted to the universit

27、y.whether/ifwhether/if引导宾语从句。句意:我不知道她是否能考上那所大学。-27-11.I have no doubt my brother will pass the driving test.that此处为同位语从句,连接词用that。12.or not a computer is lightweight is important.Whether根据句意“计算机是否是轻便的是很重要的”可知,空处引导主语从句,且与“or not”直接连用,连接词只用whether不用if。13.made that statement does not know the facts.Who

28、ever空后的从句中缺少主语,应用whoever=anyone who,它既引导主语从句也在从句中做主语。who“谁”,语意不合适。whoever“无论谁”。14.Anne felt terrible,which was she was late for the exam.why句意:安妮感到很不舒服,这就是她考试迟到的原因。why在此处引导表语从句,并在从句中做原因状语。-28-.单句改错1.Though I dont know exactly how I can do for the animals yet,I can at least follow my brother.(2019辽宁葫

29、芦岛协作校联考)howwhat此处是宾语从句,连接词做do的宾语,所以把how改为what。2.It is not the story itself but that is reflected in the story that counts.(2019湖南衡阳八中模拟)第一个thatwhat此处是主语从句,连接词在句中做主语,所以用what。3.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is what one can be entirely free from dust.(2019豫北名校联考)whatthatis后跟从句做表语,表语从句不缺少主

30、语、谓语和宾语,因此用that。-29-4.It struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.(2019河北正定模考)ItWhat分析句子结构可知,主语从句中缺少主语,并且指事物,所以用what。5.However,when they got home,I hesitated for a moment and told them that truly happened.thatwhat分析句子结构可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,应用what。6.If we try our best to get ahead,we

31、 will be able to achieve what we desire and deserve it.删除itwhat在宾语从句中充当宾语,it多余,故删除it。-30-7.After dinner,I packed into the suitcase which my grandparents would need,such as clothes,glasses,an umbrella,and a map.whichwhat分析句子结构可知,从句what my grandparents wouldneed 做packed的宾语;连接词what做从句中need的宾语。8.I fully

32、 understand when we are not comfortable about it,but theres no need to feel too sad.whenwhy根据该句中的understand及语境可以判断,应用why引导该宾语从句。9.The fact whether I almost drowned makes me very careful about water safety whenever I go swimming.whetherthat此处是同位语从句,又因为从句中不缺少成分,故填连词that。-31-10.I didnt know that the sc

33、ience museum was,so I asked the man which bus I should take.thatwhere分析句子结构和下文暗示可知,宾语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。-32-.短文改错Dear Laura,Thanks for letting us to stay at your seaside house.Now,you might have heard from your neighbours about which happened on Saturday evening.When I was out a walk,my younger son,T

34、om,played the football before your house.He made so much noise that the neighbours got quite angrily.Even worse,Tom broke one of the window of Mr.Wilsons house.Tom and I apologized to all the neighbours for the unhappy happenings,but promised to have the broken window repair soon.Tom said that we wo

35、uld not do such silly things any more.I am glad that your neighbours had forgiven us.They are really nice people.Yours,Betty-33-34-35-1.删除tolet sb.do sth.为固定用法,意为“让某人做某事”。2.whichwhat此处是一个宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,应用what引导宾语从句。3.out后加forbe out for a walk意为“出去散步”,for表示“目的”。4.删除the球类运动前不用冠词。5.angrilyangryget为系动词,后应接形容词做表语。6.windowwindowsone of后的名词应用复数形式。7.butand根据前后句逻辑可知,此处表示并列关系,而不是转折关系。8.repairrepaired句中的have意为“使得”,其后的宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词。9.wehe根据语境可知,此处表示汤姆不会再做这样的傻事。10.hadhave主句谓语动词为一般现在时,所以从句应用现在完成时。