2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 1 Festivals around the world练习 新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 1Festivals around the world .阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFull of beauty, happiness and a healthy love of life, the Bulgarian (保加利亚人的) festivals and customs date back to old time when man tried to live in peace with nature.The merriest and richest festivals are Chris

2、tmas and the New Year, when the socalled “sourvakari” makes the round of house with wishes for health and wealth.Other main festivals include “ladouvane” a holiday for young girls on New Years Day or Midsummer Day (24th June), Shrovetide and Mummers Games which mark the start of spring, and “lazrouv

3、ane” a traditional festival for love and family, health and richness.And among them, the widely popular and typical Bulgarian customs and festivals are “martenitsas” and rosepicking.Every year on March 1st, the Bulgarians give each other “martenitsas” a small doll made of white and red strings, a sy

4、mbol of the beginning of spring, health and happiness.In late May and early June every year, the rosepicking season starts in the Valley of Roses which is between the Balkan Range and the Sredna Gora Mountains.Rosepicking starts at dawn, before sunrise and before the pleasant smell of the rose has d

5、isappeared.The Bulgarian rose produces 70 percent of the worlds rose oil which is used by the very wellknown perfume (香水) company as a basic element of its products.This is the time of the Festival of Roses, celebrated with carnivals, happy activities, folk songs and dances in Karlovo and Kazanluk o

6、n the first Sunday in June.()1.The passage is mainly about _.AChristmas and the New Year in BulgariaBthe origin of Bulgarian festivals and customsCrosepicking and perfume industry in BulgariaDtypical customs and festivals of Bulgaria()2.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A“

7、Martenitsas” the Beginning of SpringBBeauty, Happiness and LoveCBulgarian Festivals and CustomsDRosepicking and “Martenitsas”()3.The author of this passage intends to _.Alet us know some knowledge of Bulgarian cultureBtell us the differences between customs and festivalsCexplain the connection betwe

8、en customs and industryDfind the origin of the Bulgarian customs()4.This passage is most likely to appear in a _.Amagazine of travelBbook on world cultureChistory bookDdaily newspaper【答案与解析】1D主旨大意题。第一段列举了保加利亚的节日，第二段和第三段分别介绍了两大节日风俗。2C标题归纳题。根据文意，主要是介绍保加利亚的主要节日风俗。3A细节理解题。根据短文可以推知，作者的主要目的是介绍保加利亚的节日风俗，即提

9、供有关保加利亚文化的信息。4B文章出处题。根据短文主题，本文应是刊载在涉及世界文化的书籍上。BNext Thursday, November 27th (the fourth Thursday in November), Americans will gather with family and friends to share a big meal to celebrate Thanksgiving.They might play games, tell stories or watch football on television together.Angelo Rosa has more

10、 Thanksgiving memories than most people.From Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, the 100yearold man lives in the same house where he celebrated a great number of Thanksgivings.But he says it was different when he was a child.Mr Rosa was just three when his family came to America.“When we were small children,

11、 Thanksgiving was never a very big holiday because at the time we actually didnt pay too much attention to it.” But, also, he says, his parents faced a language difficulty.“They were from Italy and spoke very broken English, because they were the first generation that came over here.”And the family

12、had little money.There were six Rosa children.Mr Rosas father was a coal miner in Pennsylvania.The family was not able to have big, costly dinners, especially during the hard time of the 1930s.But Mr Rosa says Thanksgiving dinners became a tradition in his own family after he married and had childre

13、n.This Thanksgiving, Angelo Rosa will go to the home of his daughter about twenty minutes away. He will celebrate the day with loved ones, including his greatgrandchildren.On the other side of the country, Cathie Dahlstrom is preparing dishes for a group of 35 to 40 people in Concord, California.We

14、asked Ms Dahlstrom what she is thankful for this year, her first answer is “The election”. She said she also is deeply grateful for her very large family.Ms Dahlstrom has one daughter.She has five younger brothers and sisters.She also has eight stepbrothers and sisters.Many of them and their familie

15、s will be at the Thanksgiving dinner.()5.From Ms Dahlstroms words, we can infer that _.Ashe is content with her family, relatives and the societyBshe is thankful for her effort in the election and her familyCshe has always been celebrating Thanksgiving this wayDher daughter has a large family with s

16、tepbrothers and sisters()6.As a whole, Thanksgiving in America is _.Aa happy gathering with family members, relatives and friendsBa grand family dinner party as well as a tourist holidayCa great social gathering of entertainment and achievementDa large gathering of people of different generations()7

17、.Who probably wrote the passage?AA close friend of Mr Rosa and Ms Dahlstroms.BA journalist for a radio or TV station.CA university student who majors in history.DAn actress who wants to experience real life.【答案与解析】本文通过对两个家庭的叙述得知：感恩节就是家庭成员、亲戚的团聚，而不是旅游冒险，也不是不同代人之间的相会。5A推理判断题。Ms Dahlstrom有两个感激：“总统选举”和“

18、大家庭”，由此推断出她无论对社会还是对家庭都是充满感激和爱的。6A细节理解题。对文中这两个家庭的大致叙述，不难看出，感恩节就是家庭成员、亲戚的团聚，而不是旅游、冒险，也不是不同代人之间的相会。7B推理判断题。文中数次出现直接引语，在最后一段中出现了“We asked”。由此判断出采访形式是广播或电视节目报道。CLooking for something entertaining to do？Check out some awesome festivals around the world.KoninginnedagThe NetherlandsKoninginnedag or Queens D

19、ay is a national holiday in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.Although the birthday of the current Queen，Beatrix，is actually during the winter，she has celebrated it on April 30th，the countrys official “Queens Day” since 1949.Orange is the national color，and the streets become a sea of feather boas(围巾)

20、and body paint as crowds gather in the plazas and on boats in the rivers.Amsterdam is the center of this outdoor party，with many live music events，but nearly every town is alive with orange on this day.Thai Elephant DayThailandThai Elephant Day is a national holiday in Thailand.Thai Elephant Day has

21、 been celebrated on March 13th of every year since 1998.Because the elephant is the national animal of Thailand，it is highly respected and treasured.During the festivals elephants are honored during a ceremony in which they are fed bananas，other fruit，and sugarcane.The Fire FestivalShetlandOn the la

22、st Tuesday in January the entire town of Lerwick，Shetland goes up in flames.At the festival，youll find yourself sitting，dancing，or stumbling around the largest bonfire youve ever seen in your life.The festival lasts only one day but takes the entire year to plan.Be prepared for an evening of singing

23、，dancing，and fastpaced activity，and dont worry about making it to work the next dayits a national holiday!HoliIndiaHoli，the Festival of Colors，is a Hindu celebration full of joy and one of Indias most important holidays.On the day of the last full moon of the lunar month，usually late February or ear

24、ly March，the air is full of brightcolored powder.The festival is celebrated differently throughout the country，with bonfires and music，but the cheerful spirit is common throughout Hindu communities around the world.()8.What do we know about Koninginnedag?AIt is celebrated on the day of the current Q

25、ueens birthday.BIt is not celebrated outside the city of Amsterdam.CEveryone must wear orange clothes to celebrate it.DIt has a history of more than sixty years.()9.The festival celebrated on March 13th in Thailand is held to_.Ashow peoples respect for their QueenBshow Thai peoples respect for eleph

26、antsCask people to protect endangered animalsDhelp people relax by singing and dancing()10.Why dont people have to worry about working the day after the Fire Festival?ABecause people are allowed to sleep at work the next day.BBecause the activities are too simple to get people tired.CBecause people

27、dont have to go to work the next day.DBecause the festival ends very early at night.()11.If you are interested in the Festival of Colors，you should go to_.AIndiaBShetlandCThailandDthe Netherlands【答案与解析】作者向我们介绍了世界上一些非常有趣的节日。8D细节理解题。根据第二段的“Although the birthdaysince 1949.”可知，这个节日已经有60多年历史了。故选D。9B推理判断题

28、。根据第三段的“Thai Elephant Day has been celebrated on March 13th of every year since 1998.”可知这是泰国的大象日，又根据“they are highly respected and treasured”可推断这个节日是为了表示对大象的敬重。故选B。10C细节理解题。根据第四段的“dont worry about making it to work the next dayits a national holiday”可知，第二天是全国性的假日，不用上班。故选C。11A细节理解题。根据末段的“Holi，the Fes

29、tival of Colorsand one of Indias most important holidays.”可知应该去印度。故选A。DThanksgiving Day is a special holiday in the United States and Canada.Families and friends gather to eat and give thanks for their blessing.Thanksgiving Day is really a harvest festival.This is why it is celebrated in late fall,

30、after the crops are in.But one of the first Thanksgivings in America had nothing to do with a good harvest.On December 4, 1619, the Pilgrims from England landed near what is now Charles City, Virginia.They knelt down and thanked God for their safe journey across the Atlantic.The first New England Th

31、anksgiving did celebrate a rich harvest.The Pilgrims landed at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620.They had a difficult time and the first winter was cruel.Many of the Pilgrims died.But the next year, they had a good harvest.So Governor Bradford declared a threeday feast(盛宴)The Pilgrims inv

32、ited Indian friends to join them for their special feast.Everyone brought food.In time, other colonies(殖民地)began to celebrate a day of thanksgiving.But it took years before there was a national Thanksgiving Day.During the Civil War, Sarah Josepha Hale persuaded Abraham Lincoln to do something about

33、it.He proclaimed(宣布)the last Thursday of November 1863 as a day of Thanksgiving.Today, Americans celebrate this happy harvest festival on the fourth Thursday in November.Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving Day in much the same way as their American neighbours.But the Canadian thanksgiving Day falls on

34、the second Monday in October.()12.The first to celebrate Thanksgiving were _.Asome people from EnglandBthe American IndiansCSarah Josepha HaleDGovernor Bradford()13.We can infer from the passage that New England must be _.Ain the US.ABin Great BritainCin CanadaDon some island off the Atlantic()14.Wh

35、ich of the following is NOT true?AThanksgiving Day used to be a holiday to celebrate a good harvest.BAbraham Lincoln was not the first to decide on Thanksgiving celebrations.CThanksgiving Day is celebrated to express the American and Indian peoples thanks to God.DTheres little difference between the

36、 American way and the Canadian way to celebrate Thanksgiving Day.()15.The passage mainly tells us _.Ahow Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in the US.ABhow Thanksgiving Day came into being and the different ways it is celebratedCthat Thanksgiving Day is in fact a harvest holidayDhow the way to celebrate

37、 Thanksgiving Day changed with the time and places【答案与解析】本文介绍了感恩节。感恩节是美国和加拿大的特别节日，家人和朋友们聚在一起吃饭，并感谢他们的祝福。文章主要描述了感恩节的起源和美、加两国对感恩节不同的庆祝方式。12A细节理解题。根据文章“But one of the first thanksgivings in America had nothing to do with a good harvest.On December 4,1619，the Pilgrims from England landed near what is no

38、w Charles City，Virginia.They knelt down and thanked God for their safe journey across the Atlantic.”可知，第一个感恩节是英国的一些人在美国庆祝的。故选A。13A推理预测题。根据文章“The first New England Thanksgiving did celebrate a rich harvest.The Pilgrims landed at what is now Plymouth，Massachusetts，in 1620.”可知，新英格兰的第一个感恩节是在现在的普利茅斯，马萨诸塞

39、州庆祝。马萨诸塞州是美国的一个州，可推测当时新英格兰人民在美国庆祝。故选A。14C推理判断题。根据第三段最后两行“So Governor Bradford declared a threeday feast(盛宴)The Pilgrims invited Indian friends to join them for their special feast.Everyone brought food.”这些人只是邀请印第安人过来一起庆祝，并不是印第安人也这样。故C项说法是错误的。15B主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thanksgiving Day is a special holiday in th

40、e United States and Canada.Families and friends gather to eat and give thanks for their blessing.”可知本文主要讲述的是感恩节的由来以及在美国和加拿大庆祝感恩节的差别。故B正确。.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Have you ever heard of homecoming? Its a tradition celebrated every year in the US.At homecoming，a

41、 school or university welcomes back former students or alumni (校友)_16_It means，“coming home”This is a time when everyone can get together._17_ There are events that encourage school spirit all throughout homecoming week，which leads to the big day on Friday.A major activity that most students will ta

42、ke part in is choosing the homecoming king and queen._18_This is a group of boys and girls who represent (代表) school spirit.At the end of the week，students vote for a boy and a girl to be the king and the queen.Then its time for the football game，the main event of homecoming week! _19_Almost everyon

43、e from school goes to the game: students，parents，teachers，and alumni visitors.If they win，everyone is very happy._20_Students dress up，and some might even bring a date to go with them.After the dance，homecoming is officially over，and everyone cant wait for next year!AThe last event is the homecoming

44、 dance.BThat is where the name comes from.CHomecoming usually lasts a week and happens in the fall.DThe football team faces a lot of pressure to do well for the big crowd.EThe tradition began more than 100 years ago in the United States.FStudents get to pick who will be on homecoming court early in

45、the week.GHomecoming week was not just about fun，but also a chance to try out new things.【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国各学校或大学每年一度的盛大节日返校节的有关情况，包括该活动的时间、传统活动等。16B根据上文可知，在返校节上，学校或大学欢迎以前的学生或校友回来，再根据下一句可知，此处是对homecoming的介绍。故B项正确。17C根据下文中的“all throughout homecoming week”可知，C项“返校节通常是在秋天，会持续一周时间”与下文衔接，符合语境。故选C。

46、18F返校节的一项重要活动是大多数学生参与评选返校节的“国王”与“王后”，由此可知，F项符合语境。19D根据上文可知，选出“国王”和“王后”之后，就该进行返校节的另一项重要活动了，那就是足球赛。根据下文可知，几乎每个到校的人都会去观看比赛，由此可知，D项符合语境，即在这么多观众面前，球队会面临很大的压力。故选D。20A根据下文提到的学生要盛装打扮以及“After the dance，homecoming is officially over”可知，A项符合语境，即最后一项活动是返校节舞会。故选A。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D

47、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A young man was getting ready to graduate from college.He had wanted a beautiful _21_in a dealers showroom, and knowing his father could well _22_it, he told him that was all he wanted.As Graduation Day came near, the young man expected _23_that his father had bought the gift._2

48、4_， on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his own _25_. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him.He _26_his son a beautifully wrapped gift box.Curious, and somewhat _27_， the young man opened the box and found a lovely le

49、atherbound Bible, with the young mans name written in gold.Angry，he _28_ his voice to his father, and said，“With all your money you give me a Bible？” And he _29_out of the house.Many years passed and the young man was very _30_ in business.He had a beautiful house and wonderful family, but _31_his f

50、ather was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to see him._32_he could make arrangements, he received a telegram _33_ him his father had passed away and willed all of his _34_to his son.When he arrived at his fathers house, suddenly sadness and regret _35_his heart.He began to _36_his fathers

51、important papers and saw the still new giftwrapped Bible, just as he had _37_it years ago.With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages.His father had carefully _38_a verse (诗), Matthew 711，“And if you, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more shall your

52、Heavenly Father which is in Heaven, give to those who ask him？”As he read those words, a car key _39_from the back of the Bible.It had a tag (标签) with the dealers name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired.On the tag was the _40_of his graduation, and the words: PAID IN FULL.()21.Ac

53、omputerBbikeCcarDrecorder()22.ApayBbuyCsupportDafford()23.AsignsBfactsCmarksDresults()24.AHoweverBFinallyCQuietlyDActually()25.AhouseBroomCstudyDoffice()26.AgaveBhandedCshowedDpresented()27.AexcitedBnervousCinterestedDdisappointed()28.AraisedBchangedCimprovedDincreased()29.AranBwentCwalkedDstormed()

54、30.AbusyBsuccessfulCcomfortableDhappy()31.ArememberedBrealizedCknewDconsidered()32.AWhenBAsCAfterDBefore()33.AinformingBannouncingCtellingDdiscovering()34.AtreasuresBpossessionsCclothingDeagerness()35.AfilledBcaughtCattackedDbeat()36.Apick upBremind ofCsearch throughDrefer to()37.AseenBgotCleftDthro

55、wn()38.AmadeBwrittenCunderlinedDdesigned()39.AdroppedBappearedCrolledDshowed()40.AyearBdateCmomentDday【答案与解析】误解往往是因为自以为了解，如果你的做法和坚持是以误解为基础的，无疑你会错过很多东西，而有些东西一旦错过了也就永远错过了。21C由文章最后一段中的“a car key”和“the sports car”可知答案。22Dafford常与can/could/be able to连用，表示“买得起；担负得起”。23Asign“迹象”；fact“事实”；mark“记号；标记”；result

56、“结果”。这个年轻人渴望得到车，所以一直期盼着看到父亲有买车的迹象。24BC、D两项明显不符合句意，however表转折，然而此处无转折之意。用finally表示“毕业的这一天终于到来了”。25C由此处的“his own”和第四段中的“his fathers important papers”可判断出用study(书房)。26Bgive与present 较笼统，hand较具体、生动，故选B项。27D由于没得到自己想要的礼物，年轻人有点失望。28A由于生气年轻人提高嗓音朝他父亲吼叫。29Dstorm意为“横冲直撞；猛冲”，此处用storm恰当地表现出他当时生气的样子，而run仅表示跑出去。30B

57、从后面一句“He had a beautiful house and wonderful family”可知答案。31Brealize“意识到”。32D他还没来得及安排时间去看望父亲就收到电报。33C用tell可表示“信上/电报上说”“牌子上写着”“仪器显示”等。34Bpossession常用复数形式表示财产。35A他心中充满了悲伤和后悔。36C作者在书房中整理父亲留下的重要文件，即清点父亲留下的东西。37Cleave“放置”，符合句意。38Cunderline“在下画线(以示强调)”。39A车钥匙掉下来，所以用drop。40B标签上标有年轻人毕业那一天的日期。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1

58、分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We have festivals and celebrations of all 41._(kind)Ancient people held festivals and celebrations 42._(celebrate)the end of winter, planting in spring or harvest in autumn.Some festivals are 43._memory of the ancestors.People light lamps or incense, play musi

59、c on an important feast day and offer good things to the dead.People hold festivals to honor famous people.These festivals have their origins as 44._event, like the Dragon Boat Festival which 45._(honor) the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.Harvest and Thanksgiving festival in many countries.People deco

60、rate churches, get together to have meals or win awards for 46._(compete)On MidAutumn Festival people admire the moon and have mooncakes.The Spring Festival in China is an 47._(energy) and important festival.People look forward to 48._(dress)up, eating dumplings, giving children lucky money in red p

61、aper and playing dragon dances.The 49._(celebrate) of the Lunar New Year may take place throughout the country, day 50._night.【答案与解析】41kinds我们有各种各样的节日和庆典。 all kinds of意为“各种各样，形形色色”，固定短语搭配。42to celebrate古代人民举行节日和庆典是为了庆祝冬天的结束、春天的种植或者秋天的丰收。根据语境可知，设空处要用不定式来作状语，表示目的。43in一些节日是为了纪念祖先的。in memory of意为“纪念，作为的

62、纪念”，固定短语。44an这些节日都有一个事件作为起源。根据语境可知，设空处缺少不定冠词，而后面event是以元音因素开头的单词，所以要用不定冠词an。45honors像端午节就是为了敬仰古代著名的诗人，屈原。设空处前面的which指代的是“the Dragon Boat Festival”，是专有名词，所以从句中的谓语动词要用单数。46competitions人们装饰教堂，聚在一起吃饭或赢得比赛的奖项。因为设空处前面的for为介词，所以后面要接名词。而且因为awards为复数，可知比赛也有很多项，所以也要用复数名词。47energic春节在中国是一个活跃而重要的节日。由设空处后面的and可知

63、，本句是由and连接两个并列的形容词，共同修饰后面的festival，所以设空处要用形容词。48dressing人们期待着精心打扮、吃饺子、在红包里给孩子压岁钱并且玩龙灯。look forward to中的to为介词，所以后面要接动词ing形式，所以设空处要用动名词形式，与句中的eating，giving和playing构成并列关系。49celebration根据句子前面的the可知，设空处要用名词形式，表示“庆祝”。50and农历新年的庆祝可能发生在整个国家，而且是夜以继日(的庆祝)。day and night意为“日日夜夜，夜以继日”，固定用法。.写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作

64、(满分15分)假定你是李华，你校将在活动中心举行“英语角”活动，现在正在招聘志愿者。你的新西兰朋友Terry在你校读书，他对志愿者工作非常感兴趣。请你发邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1.介绍举办“英语角”的目的和时间；2.描述志愿者工作的内容；3.发出邀请。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。One possible version：Dear Terry， Our school is about to hold an activity called English Corner in the activity center. It aims to help students

65、 develop interest and gain confidence in English. The activity lasts from 10 am to 6 pm every Saturday. The activity needs more volunteers to organize the English debate， and teach them English songs. Whats more， with volunteers help， students will watch English films and learn English through games

66、. You are a native speaker of English and good at communicating. Are you willing to join in？ Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua第二节 读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面的短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。I remember the first time I met Roy. He was telling a joke. When he reached the final line， everyone burst out laughi

67、ng. “A popular boy，” I thought to myself. My name is Daniel， I was the new boy in the class. There were 33 students in my new class， and most people werent very interested in a shy new boy. Roy was kind to me. He often invited me to join his particular group， and we became good friends. We trusted e

68、ach other and we could talk about personal matters. Five years later， Roy and I are still in the same class. But just under a year ago， Roys father was knocked over by a car. He died a few days later. The family had difficulty with finance. Roy changed completely. He started losing friends， includin

69、g me. About three months ago， a group of us were playing football together after school. Having left something in the classroom， I went inside to get it， and found Roy going through the pockets of peoples coats. He had a wallet in his handand I knew it wasnt his！ Roys face went red. “Ill put it back

70、 right now，” he said， and he did so. I turned round and walked out without saying a word. I really hoped that Roy would explain why he had been stealing， but instead he started avoiding me.Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise money for a charity and we made about 500. But to our sur

71、prise， the next morning， we were told that the money had been stolen. This morning I decided to ask Roy about the theft so I went to see him. Roy was out. I put his jacket on and put my hands in the pockets. I could feel a lot of paper notes and I pulled them out. It looked as if there was about 500

72、 there. I was so surprised that I just stood there， holding the notes in my hand. At that moment， Roy walked in. 注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.至少使用5个短文中标有下画线的关键词语；3.续写部分为两段，每段的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；4.续写完成后，请用下画线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：Seeing me stand there with the money in my hand， Roy felt panicky(恐慌的).Paragrap

73、h 2：We went to the headteacher Mrs Smith together.One possible version：Paragraph 1：Seeing me stand there with the money in my hand， Roy felt panicky(恐慌的). I became very angry， asking him if it was the money that we raised last week. His face went red， admitting that he had stolen it in a low voice.

74、I slowly calmed down and hugged him， telling that I would be willing to help him overcome his difficulty. He wept and then we had a sincere talk fact to face. At last we agreed to return the money. Paragraph 2：We went to the headteacher Mrs Smith together. In the teachers office， Roy returned the mo

75、ney to Mrs Smith， and guaranteed not to do such things again. Though Mrs Smith was so surprised that she couldnt believe her eyes， she praised him for his courage and correction and told him if he had difficulty with finance she would be ready to help him. Roy was moved to tears. After that， we became good friends again. We trusted each other and shared sorrow and happiness together.