初中英语句子种类讲解（PPT52张）.ppt

1、英语句子种类按句子的结构分为三种:简单句(simple sentence)并列句(compound sentence)复合句(complex sentence)(一).简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语):.Tom likes rock music.Tom and John are fond of rock music.Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.简单句的五种基本句型1._ It is getting warmer and warmer.He looks pretty happy today.

2、高考经常考查的系动词:.“变得”_,_,_,_,_.“看起来”_,_,_ “闻起来”_“尝起来”_ “摸起来”_“听起来”_主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)get becometurn go growlook seem appearsmelltastefeelsound系动词的用法:(注意三点)+_作表语;无 _;无 _;e.g.The dish _.(尝起来好吃)The story _.(听起来有趣).adj.宾语被动语态tastes delicioussounds interesting2._ Our chalk has run out.On hearing the news,he che

3、ered.高考经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）:“发生”_;_;_;_ _ “用完,用光”_;_.不及物动词的用法:无 _,无_主语+谓语(S+V)happen occurtake place come aboutbreak outrun out give out宾语被动语态e.g.“过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化”Our school has taken place great changes in the last few years._ _.Do you know what was happened yesterday?(改错)()Great changes have taken p

4、lace in our school in the last few years.3._ We are having an English class.Mr Wang will attend the lecture.4._ I teach you English.He offered me his seat.5._ We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.I heard them cheering in the next room.I saw the window broken.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S+V+O1+

5、O2)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+C)请说出下列句子类型:1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She knows French.5.The gas smells terrible.S+ViS+ViS+V+O+CS+V+O+CS+V+O1+O2S+V+O1+O2S+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+V+P(二)并列句(compound sentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。常用并列连词 平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:a

6、nd,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.but,while,yetfor,soor 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The dress is really beautiful.I cant afford it.He was tired,so he went to bed.The dress is really beautiful,but I cant afford it.3.Mary is cooking.John is greeting guests.Mary is

7、cooking,and/while John is greeting guests.4.He works hard.He also likes helping others.1.He not only works hard buthe also likes helping others.2.Not only does he work hard but he alsolikes helping others.(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.By the time

8、he arrived,1we had already left.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句:从句主句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1._ 2._ 3._主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句指出下列各从句的类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句状语从句定语从句vIt is well-known that the 2008 Olympic Games

9、will be held on August 8th.vAs is known to all,the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in about four months.主语从句定语从句I want to live in a placewhere the air is fresh.I want to live where the air is fresh.定语从句状语从句请把句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。vIll give the letter to him.I see him.(时间状语从句)vIll give the letter to him w

10、hen I see him.as soon as the moment the minute immediately It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.(结果状语从句)It is such a big box thatnobody can move it.Such a big box is it thatnobody can move it.It is so big a box thatnobody can move it.The dress is beautiful.I cant afford it.(让步状语从句)Although/Though

11、 the dress is beautiful,I cant afford it.Beautiful as the dress is,I cant afford it.按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）l2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：a.一般疑问句（General Quest

12、ions）：Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗？b.特殊疑问句（W Questions;H Questions）：Where do you live?你住那儿？How do you know that?你怎么知道那件事？c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡？d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：He doesnt know her,does he?他不认识她，对不对？3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命

13、令，例如：Sit down,please.请坐。Dont be nervous!别紧张！4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：What good news it is!多好的消息啊！祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。Take this seat.Do be careful.否定结构：Dont move.Dont be late.2）第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句a.Lets 包括说话者 Lets have

14、 another try，shall we/shant we?=Shall we have another try?b.Let us 不包括说话者Let us have another try，will you/wont you?=Will you please let us have another try?否定结构：Lets not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter.感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握

15、它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!感叹句的省略形式为：What wonderful ideas(we have)!What cold weather（it is）!What a clever boy(he i

16、s)!典型例题1）_ food youve cooked!A.How a niceB.What a niceC.How niceD.What nice2）_terrible weather weve been having these days!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a3)-_ I had!-You really suffered a lot.A.What a timeB.What timeC.How a timeD.how time强调句结构常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。It is(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于

17、主语，宾语和状语。It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.1）It was last night _ I see the comet.A.the timeB.whenC.thatD.which 2）It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as反意疑问句1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部

18、分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语。I wish to have a word with you,may I?3)陈述部分用 no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer,did he/she?Some plants have never blown(开花),have they?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的

19、，疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he?/shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to+v.(had to+v.)，疑问部分常用dont+主语（didnt+主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow,dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt+主语或 usednt+主语。He used to take pictures there,didnt he?/usednthe?7)陈述部分有had better+v.疑问句部分用h

20、adnt you?Youd better read it by yourself,hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather+v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt+主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to+v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语。Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you?10)陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor,isnt he?You must have s

21、tudied English for three years,havent you?/didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?It must be going to rain tomorrow,wont it?11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。What colours,arent they?What a smell,isnt it?12)陈述部分由neither nor,either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer,are we?13)陈述

22、部分主语是指示代词或指物的不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready,isnt it?14)陈述部分为主从复合句或并列句，疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times,and he should have been in China now,shouldnt he?b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us

23、a talk,is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan,didnt he?c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright,is he?We believe she can do it better,cant she?15)陈述部分主语是指人的不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows t

24、he answer,dont they?(doesnt he)Nobody knows about it,do they?(does he?.)16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need(dare)+主语。We need not do it again,need we?He dare not say so,dare you?当dare,need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do+主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone,does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。（前肯后可肯可否，前否后只能肯）D

25、ont do that again,will you?Go with me,will you/wont you?注意Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we/shant we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you/wont you?18)陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch,isnt there?There will not be any trouble,will there?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible,i

26、snt it?He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahe

27、ad sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he comes.Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere

28、will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1)Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-

29、roomA.is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC.smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,not only,not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2）Not until the early years of the 19th centur

30、y _ what heat is.A.man did knowB.man knowC.didnt man knowD.did man know以否定词开头作部分倒装的结构还有：如 Not onlybut also,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,No sooner thanNot only did he refuse the gift,he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than

31、 a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A.the game beganB.has the game begunC.did the game beginD.had the game begun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用部分倒装句(助动前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及not onlybut(also),no soonerthan,hardly when scarcely when

32、 等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.so,neither,nor作部分倒装表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French.So can Jack.If you wont go,neither will I.典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know,_.A.no

33、r dont I careB.nor do I careC.I dont care neitherD.I dont care also答案：B.nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its raining hard.-So it is.only在句首要倒装的情况Only in this way,can you learn E

34、nglish well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill,does he ever stay in bed.as,though 引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前）。注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will,he

35、never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。典型例题：1）Not until Lucy went back _ the ture.A.I did knowB.I knewC.didnt I knowD.did I know2）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A.didnt I realizeB.did I realizeC.I didnt realiz

36、eD.I realize3)-Do you know Tom bought a new car?-I dont know,_.A.nor dont I careB.nor do I careC.I dont care neitherD.I dont care also4)-John was lucky enough to pass the exam yesterday.-_.A.So I did B.Nor I was C.So I was D.So was I其他部分倒装1)so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if 省略，把 were,had,should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you,I would try it again.See you next time