优化方案·高中同步测试卷·人教英语选修8：综合卷Ⅱ（UNIT 4～UNIT 5） WORD版含答案.doc

1、综合卷(Unit 4Unit 5)(建议用时：100分钟；分数：120分)第卷第一部分阅读理解共两节，满分40分第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。ADecisionmaking under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure

2、and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People lean better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For exa

3、mple, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by havi

4、ng to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cook

5、ies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less

6、easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decisionmaking differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task

7、 tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are ris

8、ky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.1We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _Akeep rewards better in their memoryBrecall consequences more

9、effortlesslyCmake risky decisions more frequentlyDlearn a subject more effectively2According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _Aways of making choicesBpreference for pleasureCtolerance of punishmentsDresponses to suggestions3The research has proved that in a stressful si

10、tuation, _Awomen find it easier to fall into certain habitsBmen have a greater tendency to slow downCwomen focus more on outcomesDmen are more likely to take risksBSuccesses or failures of employees in the workplace can be traced to what kind of father they had，a psychologist argues in a new book.In

11、 The Father Factor，Stephan Poulter lists five styles of fatherssuperachieving，timebomb，passive，absent and warmheartedwho have powerful influences on the careers of their sons and daughters.Children of the “timebomb” father，for example，who explodes in anger at his family，learn how to read people and

12、their moods.Those abilities make them good at such jobs as personnel managers or negotiators，he writes.But those same children may have trouble feeling safe and developing trust，said Poulter，a clinical psychologist who also works with children in Los Angeles schools. “Ive_seen_more_people_hit_their_

13、heads_on_what_they_call_a_glass_ceiling_or_cement_wall_in_their_careers,_and_its_what_I_call_the_father_factor，” Poulter said in an interview.“What role did your father have in your life? Its this unknown variable that has huge influence because were all sons and daughters.”Styles of fathering can a

14、ffect whether their children get along with others at work，have a team spirit，worry too much about their careers，burn out or become the boss.Even absent fathers affect how their children work，he writes.Those children may be overachievers，becoming the person their father never was, or develop such an

15、ger toward supervisors or authority figures that they work best when they are selfemployed，he writes.Poulter coauthored an earlier book on mothers and daughters called Mending the Broken Bough.The Father Factor is set for release next month by Prometheus Books.4What would be the best title for the p

16、assage?AFathers Influences on How Their Children workBFathers Impact on Their ChildrenCFather and the Family LifeDFather Can Be Important to Family Members5The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 means _Athe person who succeeds in his/her career is affected by his/her fatherBfathers will help you to

17、overcome difficultiesCthe father factor is very important in ones jobDthe person who often gets trouble in society finds the deep root in his/her father6According to what Poulter has written，the son of a “timebomb” father _Ais good at cooperating with othersBtends to be angry to othersCoften loses t

18、emper at homeDis likely to become a leader in the future7Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe person with a “timebomb” father is always confident.BWe are all influenced more or less by our fathers.CThe person without his fathers company will not be affected by the father fact

19、or.DThe father factor is more important than the mother factor.CBaby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl，while boys will head for cars，a study has shown.The findings，the first to show differences in very young babies，suggest there is a biological basis to their preferen

20、ces.Psychologist Dr.Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 babies aged 9 months to 36 months.The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys.Some were typically boys toysa car，a digger，a ball and a blue teddy.The rest were girls toys: a pink teddy，a doll and

21、 a cooking set.They were placed a meter away from the toys; and could pick whichever toy they liked; their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.Of the youngest children(9 to 14 months)，girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys，and boys s

22、pent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did.Among the two and threeyearolds，girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it.The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars，which the girls barely touched.There was no li

23、nk between the parents view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls，and the childrens choice.Dr.Brenda Todd said，“Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization.Boys may be given toys that go while girls get toys they can care for，which may help shape their preference.B

24、ut these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys.There could be a biological basis for their choices.Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer: moving objects，probably through hunting instincts(本能)，while girls prefer warmer color

25、s such as pink，the colour of a newborn baby.”8Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because _Ababy boys are much more activeBbaby girls like bright colours moreCtheir parents treat them differentlyDthere is a natural difference between them9Both baby boys and baby girls like to

26、 play with _ according to the study.Aa ballBa teddyCa car Da doll10What can we infer from Paragraph 3?ANinemonthold baby boys dont play with dolls at all.BTwoyearold baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.CThe older the babies are，the more obvious their preference is.DParents should teach the

27、ir babies to share each others toys.11What conclusion did Dr.Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?AAdults purposely influence their babies preference.BBabies preference isnt affected by social surroundings.CBaby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.DBaby girls preferring

28、warmer colors will be warmhearted.DIts a nightmare for Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST): within a week，two students committed suicide by jumping off dorm buildings.Officials from the university are reluctant to give interviews.“We had a hard time calming down students who were sh

29、ocked at the suicides，” said Zhang Jingyuan，one official of HUST.“Media coverage may arouse some students negative emotions again.Suicide can be contagious，” Zhang said.The university reacted promptly to the first suicide on October 23.Advisors and class leaders conducted dormtodorm checks to find s

30、tudents suffering depression.Then psychologists offered oneonone counseling to them.Notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers mental problems and offering help were set up in front of dorm buildings.Leaflets carrying similar information were handed out to each dorm.However，the second suic

31、ide came seven days later.Both students were described as men of few words.Their schoolmates didnt see anything to indicate suicide.Zhang revealed that the two students had been bothered by mental disorders.But the school didnt know this until the students close friends outside school and their pare

32、nts unveiled the truth after the suicides.According to Zhang，there are only three fulltime counselors working in the universitys counseling center for its 60，000 students.He complained, “Its unrealistic to rely only on counselors to detect students mental problems.”Effective prevention comes from lo

33、ngterm education for life instead of temporary intervention to meet an emergency，said Hu Yian.Hu delivers a course of lectures on life and death at Guangzhou University.He worries that universities have paid little attention to education for life.“Education for life helps students respect and love l

34、ife so they wont resort to ending their lives when they have difficulties，” said Hu.According to Hu，the principles can be incorporated into everyday teaching.Hu is also concerned that some universities are conveying discriminatory message that will hold back students from seeking help.When HUST cond

35、ucted the dormtodorm examination，students with poor academic performance were paid special attention.In March，Peking University also released a controversial policy，which required teachers to have a chat with students “with biased thinking”However，Hu suggested that students step out of their comfort

36、 zone to seek reallife communication.12The underlined word “reluctant” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”Awilling BunhappyCrefused Ddecided13Why did the advisors and class leaders go to the students dorm?ATo learn the first suicide.BTo avoid the second suicide.CTo learn about the students suffering d

37、epression.DTo offer help to the students.14Which is NOT the measure that the university took to the first suicide?AConducting checks to find out the students depression.BOffering counseling to the students.CSetting up notice boards publicizing tips for identifying peers mental problems and offering

38、help.DHanding out leaflets to each student.15Which of the following is RIGHT according to the text?AOfficials of HUST were willing to give the details about the suicide.BHUST didnt respond to the first suicide.CWhat the university about the suicide was a success.DTheir close friends and parents did

39、know the students had mental disorder.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。There is an English saying：“16._” Until recently，few people took the saying seriously.Now，however，doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body.17._Tests were carri

40、ed out to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts，blood pressure，breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.18._If laughter exercises the body，it must be beneficial.Other tests have shown t

41、hat laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.19._20_They have

42、found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing，making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.ALaughter can prolong ones life.BAs a result of these discoveries，some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they

43、 help to improve their patients condition by encouraging them to laugh.CThe reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.DIt increases blood pressure，the heart beating and breathing；it also works several

44、 groups of muscles in the face，the stomach and even the feet.EAlthough laughter helps cure the disease，doctors still cannot put this theory into clinic practice.FLaughter is the best medicine.GThey have found that laughter really can improve peoples health.第二部分英语知识运用共两节，满分45分第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分

45、30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。There was once a group of young people searching everywhere for happiness，but what they got was only annoyance，grief and misery.So they _21_ Socrates for advice on where happiness _22_But _23_ giving any answers，Socrates asked them to help with build

46、ing a _24_ first.The group of guys had to _25_ the task，laying aside their own business of seeking happiness.It took them a long time to cut down a tall tree，gouging out (挖空) the center.Through painstaking effort，they made a canoe out of the tree.They launched the canoe into a river，and then _26_ to

47、gether in it，singing with _27_Socrates asked，“My children，do you have happiness now？” They answered in chorus，“We _28_ be happier！”Socrates _29_，“Thats it！_30_ you are too busy pursuing something to notice anything bitter，happiness will occur.”From the story I got to know that happiness _31_ hides b

48、ehind every tiny thing that you are involved in，and that you may only get pleasure through _32_ work and creativity.We may have to _33_ pain in our daily life and in the process of _34_ happiness.Sometimes we tend to look for happiness in _35_ things，like a new car，clothes，etc.True longterm happines

49、s，however，comes from within our _36_ and spirit.So why not turn suffering into _37_ life，and _38_ tears into the light in your heart? Only in this way can we make it through and find true happiness.So my dear friends，just remember happiness is a state of mind and a matter of _39_，and I _40_ you all

50、a life of happiness.,21A.pointed toBreferred toCturned to Dkept to22A.lay BbelongedCstood Dlaid23A.apart from Binstead ofCother than Dfor fear of24A.house BboatCbridge Dschool25A.set about Bset downCset out Dset up26A.sat BstoodCgot Drowed27A.joy BsorrowCcuriosity Dhope28A.mustnt BshouldntCcouldnt D

51、neednt29A.declared BthoughtCadded Dassumed30A.Unless BWheneverCUntilDHowever31A.neverBalwaysCever Dseldom32A.cautiousBendlessChard Deffective33A.experience BavoidCenjoy Ddeny34A.searching BseekingChoping Dimproving35A.spiritualBniceCnew Dmaterial36A.body BpartCsoul Dhead37A.blaming BpraisingCending

52、Dcursing38A.turn BputCdivide Ddraw39A.time BenergyCfact Dchoice40A.wish BpromiseCbring Drequire第卷第二部分英语知识运用共两节，满分45分第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。I asked my uncle，who played the piano well，41._ he would assess (评定) the tone of a second hand piano I was hoping to buy.We

53、arrived at the house and Uncle Frank looked the piano over，then 42._ (sit) down and played a 43._(mix) of honkytonk numbers and classical pieces.When he finished，we told the family that we 44._(call) them in 15 minutes.Outside，Uncle Frank said that though/although the wood was battered (坏掉的)，the sou

54、nd was good and we should 45._(buy) it.When I phoned the woman 46._， she sounded as if she 47._(cry).48._ (concern)，I asked，“Whats the matter？”“We 49._(not know) the piano could/should play like that，” she replied.The piano wasnt 50._ sale，and her daughter had to resume(重新开始) taking piano lessons.第三

55、部分写作共两节，满分35分第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Bob，I studied in your school for six month a couple of years a

56、go. Im very grateful to your help during my study in the US. Without your help, my English couldnt have improved so rapid and I couldnt have been enjoyed my life there so much. Do you know why everything is going with Mr. Smith? I failed to get in touch with him after I leave America. Ill be very th

57、ankful if you can offer me his email address.I remember that you are very interesting in Chinese culture. Im very glad to invite you to China during the Spring Festival enjoy our culture. Im sure it will be a unforgettable trip. Ill be happy if you can accept my invitation.Im looking forward to hear

58、 from you soon.Li Hua第二节书面表达(满分25分)假设你叫李华，有意参加学校新近成立的英语戏剧协会(English Drama Club)。请你给该协会的负责人Miller先生写一封申请信。内容包括：1介绍自己的爱好和特长；2加入英语戏剧协会的原因。注意：1词数100左右；2申请信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。Dear Mr.Miller，My name is Li Hua.I am writing to apply to join the English Drama Club._I would really welcome the opportunity to j

59、oin the club.Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考答案与解析第一部分阅读理解第一节导学号28330085【语篇解读】研究表明，巨大的压力会影响大脑权衡利弊的方式，可能改变人们作出选择的方式。1【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，处于压力状态下的人们趋向于更好地记忆积极方面的东西。2【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段可知，压力可能改变人们作出选择的方式。3【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推知，在有压力的情况下，男人更可能冒险。导学号28330086【语篇解读】本文叙述了在父亲因素一书中，斯迪芬普特列举了五种类型的父亲巨大成就型、脾气暴躁型、消极型、缺席型

60、以及富有同情心/导师型他们会对其子女的职业产生重大影响。4【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据短文的内容，可知文章讲的是在生活中父亲对他们孩子的职业产生了怎样的影响。故选A。5【解析】选D。句意理解题。根据我看到过很多人在他们的职业生涯中遇到了无形或有形的阻碍，以及下文What role did your father have in your life？可推知这是父亲对他们的影响，故选D。6【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中Children of the “timebomb” father, for example, who explodes in anger at his family, l

61、earn how to read people and their moods.可知他们学会察言观色，学会和人如何相处，故选A。7【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中Successes or failures of employees in the workplace can be traced to what kind of father they had, a psychologist argues in a new book.可知我们或多或少都受父亲的影响，故选B。导学号28330087【语篇解读】本文是一则科学研究，研究女婴儿和男婴儿在一些方面的不同。8【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据

62、第一段“The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.”可知孩子的选择有天性因素。9【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“Some were typically boys toysa car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy. The rest were girls toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set.”可得

63、答案。10【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段可知AB项错误，D项没出现。11【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段“But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices.”可知答案为B。导学号28330088【语篇解读】本文主要是针对华中科技大学两名学生在宿舍跳楼自杀事件分析原因，提出解决办法。12【解析】选C。词义猜测题。

64、根据第三段“We had a hard time calming down students”以及第四段“Media coverage may arouse some students negative emotions again.”可知校方对此的态度是拒绝采访。13【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中第六段“Advisors and class leaders conducted dormtodorm checks to find students suffering depression.”可知答案。14【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文中第七段“Leaflets carrying simi

65、lar information were handed out to each dorm.”可知D项错误。15【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文中第十段“But the school didnt know this until the students close friends outside school and their parents unveiled the truth after the suicides.”一句可知D项正确。第二节导学号283300891620.FGDCB第二部分英语知识运用第一节完形填空导学号28330090【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。该文通过一个故事告诉我

66、们：快乐是一种心态，快乐是可以选择的。21【解析】选C。根据上文可知，这群年轻人没有找到快乐，得到的仅仅是烦恼、悲伤和痛苦，所以他们向苏格拉底寻求建议。turn to sb.for advice“向某人寻求建议”，符合语境。22【解析】选A。他们向苏格拉底询问快乐在哪儿。lay为 lie的过去式，表示“位于，在于”。注意：laid为lay的过去式，表示“放置，产卵”。23【解析】选B。根据“But”及“Socrates asked them to help with building a _ first”可知，苏格拉底没有给他们答案，因此选择B，instead of“代替”。apart fro

67、m“除了”；other than“除了”；for fear of “担忧，害怕”。24【解析】选B。根据下文中的“Through painstaking effort，they made a canoe out of the tree”可知，他们用树造了一个独木舟，因此苏格拉底是让他们先帮着造艘船(boat)。25【解析】选A。根据下文中的“laying aside their own business of seeking happiness”可知，他们开始着手进行这项任务。set about“着手做(尤其指费时费力的事)”，后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，符合语境。26【解析】选D。根据上

68、文“They launched the canoe into a river，and then.”可知，他们把独木舟推入河里，接下来应是一起划船，因此选择D，row“划船”。27【解析】选A。根据前文“singing”及下一段内容可知，他们高兴地唱起歌来。joy“高兴，愉快”，符合语境。sorrow“悲伤”；curiosity“好奇心”；hope“希望”。28【解析】选C。cant/couldntbe形容词的比较级表示“最”，是用比较级形式表达最高级含义。此处表示他们觉得此时是最快乐的。29【解析】选C。此处表示苏格拉底补充说。declare“宣布，声明”；think“认为”；add“补充说”

69、；assume“认为”。结合语境可知选C。30【解析】选B。每当你太忙于追求一些东西而无暇顾及那些痛苦的事情的时候，快乐就来临了。whenever“每当”，符合语境，故选择B。31【解析】选B。这里指快乐总是隐藏在你参与的每一件小事之后。always“总是”，符合语境。32【解析】选C。由上文“you are too busy pursuing something”可知，此处指你可能只需要通过努力的工作和创造力便可获得快乐。cautious“小心的，谨慎的”；endless“无尽的”；hard“努力的”；effective“有效的”。结合语境可知选C。33【解析】选A。在我们的日常生活中我们可

70、能不得不经历痛苦。experience“经历”；avoid“避免”；enjoy“喜欢”；deny“否认”。结合语境可知选A。34【解析】选B。在我们的日常生活中和追求快乐的过程中，我们可能不得不经历痛苦。search“搜查”，search for“寻找”；seek“追求”；hope“希望”；improve“改善，提高”。结合语境及上文的提示“seeking happiness”可知选B。35【解析】选D。根据下文中的“like a new car，clothes，etc.”可知，此处应表示“有时候我们倾向于在物质上寻找快乐”。spiritual“精神上的”；material“物质的”。36【解

71、析】选C。但是，真正的长期的快乐来自于我们的灵魂深处。根据“and spirit”可知，应选择C，soul“灵魂，精神”。body“身体”；part“部分”；head“头”。37【解析】选B。那么为什么不把痛苦锤炼成对生命的赞扬，把眼泪化作心灵的光亮呢？praise“表扬”，符合句意。blame“责备”；end“结束”；curse“诅咒”。38【解析】选A。根据上文“So why not turn suffering into _ life”的提示可知，应选择A，turn.into.“把变成”。39【解析】选D。这里指快乐是一种心态，是一种选择。choice“选择”，符合句意。time“时间”

72、；energy“精力”；fact“事实”。40【解析】选A。“我”祝愿大家一生快乐！此处 wish后接双宾语，表示祝愿。第二节导学号28330091【语篇解读】本文记叙了作者和叔叔一起去买钢琴的事情。41【解析】我问叔叔，是否他能够评定【答案】whether/if42【解析】此处是与arrived发生在同一时间的动作。【答案】sat43【解析】冠词a 后用名词，mixture n混合物。【答案】mixture44【解析】我们告诉这一家人我们会在15分钟后打电话。用过去将来时。【答案】would call45【解析】should 后接动词原形。【答案】buy46【解析】当我给这位女士回拨电话时。

73、phone.back为固定搭配。【答案】back47【解析】她听起来在哭，用过去进行时。【答案】was crying48【解析】此处是形容词作原因状语。【答案】Concerned49【解析】此处意为：我们原本不知道 故用一般过去时。【答案】didnt know50【解析】for sale 待售。【答案】for第三部分写作第一节短文改错导学号28330092Dear Bob，I studied in your school for six a couple of years ago. Im very grateful your help during my study in the US. Wi

74、thout your help, my English couldnt have improved so and I couldnt have enjoyed my life there so much. Do you know everything is going with Mr. Smith? I failed to get in touch with him after I America. Ill be very thankful if you can offer me his email address.I remember that you are very in Chinese

75、 culture. Im very glad to invite you to China during the Spring Festival enjoy our culture. Im sure it will be unforgettable trip. Ill be very happy if you can accept my invitation.Im looking forward to from you soon.Li Hua第二节书面表达One possible version：Dear_Mr.Miller，My_name_is_Li_Hua._I_am_writing_to

76、_apply_to_join_the_English_Drama_Club.As an English lover, I am fond of English literature, especially English drama. I have read some of Shakespeares famous plays such as Hamlet and The Merchant of Venice, which appeal to me greatly. Besides, I am good at spoken English, and I hope I can have more

77、chances to put my talent to good use. If I join the club，I can learn how to perform on stage and practice speaking English with other members. I believe I can learn more about English culture from this activity and enrich my school life. More importantly，it may also open the door to my future career.I_would_really_welcome_the_opportunity_to_join_the_club.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua