2022版高中英语人教版（浙江专用）一轮学案：必修4 UNIT 1 WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。必修4Unit 1Women of achievement主题: 人与社会子话题: 对社会有突出贡献的人物对应教材: 必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero; 必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement; 必修4 Unit 2 Working the land; 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists重点单词巧记. 核心单词1. generation n. 一代; 一

2、辈2. support n. &vt. 支持; 拥护3. crowd n. 人群; 观众vt. 挤满; 使拥挤4. campaign n. 运动; 战役vi. 作战; 参加运动5. deliver vt. 递送; 生(小孩儿); 接生; 发表(演说等)6. worthwhile adj. 值得的; 值得做的7. childhood n. 童年; 幼年时代8. audience n. 观众; 听众; 读者9. shade n. 荫; 阴凉处vt. 遮住光线. 拓展单词1. achieve v. 完成; 达到achievement n. 成就; 功绩2. connect v. 连接connecti

3、on n. 连接; 关系3. organize vt. 组织organization n. 组织; 机构; 团体4. behave vt. & vi. 举动; (举止或行为)表现behaviour n. 行为; 举止; 习性 5. observe vt. 观察; 观测; 遵守observation n. 观察; 观测 6. argue vt. & vi. 讨论; 辩论; 争论argument n. 争论; 争辩; 争吵 7. inspire vt. 鼓舞; 激发; 启示inspired adj. 品质优秀的; 能力卓越的inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的inspiration n. 灵感

4、; 鼓舞 8. refer vi. 谈到; 查阅; 参考reference n. 提及; 涉及; 参考; 查阅 9. sick adj. 生病的sickness n. 疾病; 恶心10. intend vt. 计划; 打算intention n. 打算; 目的; 意图 11. consider v. 考虑; 认为considerate adj. 考虑周到的consideration n. 考虑; 体谅considering prep. 考虑到 12. respect vt. &n. 尊敬; 尊重; 敬意respectful adj. 恭敬的; 有礼貌的respectable adj. 值得尊敬

5、的13. kind adj. 仁慈的; 友善的kindness n. 仁慈; 好意核心短语闪记1. move off离开; 起程; 出发2. lead/live a. . . life过着的生活3. crowd in(想法、问题等)涌上心头; 涌入脑海4. look down upon/on蔑视; 瞧不起5. refer to查阅; 参考; 谈到6. by chance碰巧; 凑巧7. come across (偶然)遇见; 碰见8. carry on 继续; 坚持9. devote. . . to. . . 献身于; 专心于10. work out解决; 锻炼身体; 结果是经典句式速记1.

6、【句型公式】: only位于句首句子部分倒装Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project (她才得以开始自己的计划)2. 【句型公式】: once引导的时间状语从句Once I stop(我一旦停下来), it all comes crowding in (涌上心头)and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 3. 【句型公式】: it作形式主语的主语从句Suddenly it hit me(我想起

7、)how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 4. 【句型公式】: it is/was. . . that/who. . . 强调句型Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature(是苦干、决心和善良的天性)that got her into medical school. 5. 【句型公式】: 形容词短语作状语There was story a

8、fter story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a days work(劳累了一天之后), went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. 1. 表情facial adj. 面部的 cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的desperate adj. 绝望的numb adj. 麻木的frightened/scared adj. 害怕的embarrassed adj. 尴尬的sympathetic adj. 同情的indifferent adj. 冷漠的

9、2. “动词+off”短语集锦give off发出; 放出put off延期; 推迟get off动身; 离开take off脱下; 起飞cut off切断; 中断show off炫耀turn off关上pay off还清(债)ring off挂断电话see off送行; 送别. 细品味经典文章(2019江苏高考阅读理解C)Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that p

10、eople are more impressed by the most recent changes? It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revoluti

11、on, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their

12、economies. Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries t

13、o buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have

14、 improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and

15、benefits of alternative uses of their money. . 按要求完成任务1. What can misjudgments on the influence of new technology lead to? They can lead to misguided use of scarce resources. 2. 从文中找优美句子。 Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international

16、community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. . 重点词汇1. behave vt. &vi. 举动; (举止或行为)表现【教材原句】Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)简对这些黑猩猩家族进行了多年的研究, 帮助人们了解它们的行为有多像人类

17、。【词块必记】(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差behave oneself守规矩; 表现得体(2)well-behaved adj. 表现好的badly-behaved adj. 表现差的(3)behavio(u)r n. 行为; 举止; 习性【巧学助记】Tom behaved well at the party; his good behavior delighted his parents greatly. 汤姆在晚会上表现良好, 他的好行为使他的父母很高兴。【语境速测】 单句语法填空They behaved badly to/towa

18、rds the guests, which made us very disappointed. Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened. In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio(u)r. (behave)完成句子My son is always praised by his teachers because he behaves well (表现好) at school. Students should be encouraged to develop go

19、od habits and behave themselves (守规矩). 【写作金句】Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to encourage people to be well-behaved in public places. 与此同时, 政府有必要鼓励人们在公共场所举止行为要得体。2. observe vt. 观察; 观测; 遵守; 庆祝; 注意到【典型例句】When we attend the parade to observe the National Day, we must observe the traffic r

20、egulations. If we observe someone run a red light, we should stop him. 当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候, 我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯, 我们就要阻止他。【词块必记】observe sb. do sth. 观察/注意到某人做某事(全过程)observe sb. doing sth. 观察/注意到某人正在做某事observe that. . . 观察observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则observe Christmas Day庆祝圣诞节【语境速测】 单句语法填空The guard ob

21、served a young man stealing (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly. It is everyones duty to observe (observe) the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track. 写出下列句中observe的含义Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the tradi

22、tional customs. (遵守)It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival. (庆祝)The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps. (观察)3. respect vt. &n. 尊敬; 尊重; 敬意; 细节; 方面; 问候【典型例句】In China, we attach great importance to showing respect for the elderly

23、. 在中国, 我们认为尊敬长辈是很重要的。【词块必记】(1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人(2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人out of respect for. . . 出于对的尊敬; 顾及in that respect在那方面(3)respected adj. 受人尊敬的; 受敬重的【语境速测】 单句语法填空Respecting(respect)and taking care of the old is a traditional Chinese virtue. Hawking died on March 14, 2018 at

24、the age of 76. But he is respected(respect)for his great contributions to physics. 句式升级We respect our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us. We show respect for our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us. 4. argue vi. &

25、vt. 争论; 辩论; 讨论; 证明; 主张; 认为【典型例句】Some argued that attention (should) be paid to our heavy road traffic. 一些人主张应该多注意我们拥堵的道路交通。【词块必记】(1) argue for/against sth. 据理赞成/反对某事argue with sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue that. . . 提出理由说明; 主张(2)argument n. 争论; 争辩; 论点

26、beyond argument无可辩解【巧学助记】My suggestion is: stop the argument and cool things down by refusing to argue. 我的意见是: 拒绝争吵, 冷静下来看问题。【知识拓展】“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式: persuade sb. to do sth. persuade sb. into doing sth. convince sb. to do sth. talk sb. into doing sth. 【语境速测】 单句语法填空I regretted arguing with her about s

27、uch a small question. After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue). 完成句子My younger sister thinks she can argue her father into(说服她父亲) increasing her monthly pocket money. Now that weve heard all the arguments for and against (支持和反对)the plan, shall we vote on i

28、t? 一句多译我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议, 但都是徒劳。We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but in vain. (argue)We tried many ways to persuade him to follow/to persuade him into following our advice, but in vain. (persuade)We tried many ways to talk him into following our advice, but in vain. (talk)5.

29、 intend vt. 计划; 打算【教材原句】I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. (P6)我仔细看了课文, 意识到它是为农村妇女设计的。【词块必记】(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 (2)be intended to do sth. /for sth. 专门为; 专门给【语境速测】 完成句子Im writing to tell you my exci

30、ting plan for the summer holiday. I intend to join/joining the Dragon Boat Training Camp. 我写信告诉你我暑假令人兴奋的计划, 我打算参加龙舟训练营。句式升级The program was set up with the intention of helping the homeless. The program, which was intended to help the homeless, was set up. (intend, 定语从句)The program, intended to help

31、the homeless, was set up. (intend, 分词作定语). 核心短语6. refer to 谈到; 参考; 查阅; 提及; 涉及【教材原句】If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. (P5)如果group这个单词指的是不同的成员, 使用复数动词。【词块必记】(1)refer to. . . as. . . 把称作refer. . . to. . . 把提交给(以求获得帮助)(2)reference n. 言及; 提及; 参考; 查阅in/with reference to关于【误

32、区释疑】(1) look up表示“参考; 查阅”时, 其宾语多为word, information等; 而refer to表示“参考; 查阅”时, 其宾语多为book, dictionary等(2)“查词典”可表达为: refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary 等(3)refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为: referred, referred, referring。【语境速测】 单句语法填空People who work in offices are usual

33、ly referred to as “white collar workers”. It is an excellent reference(refer) book for anyone wanting a better understanding of economic developments in the last century. 完成句子Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (未来查阅). As the situation was unusual, he refe

34、rred it to(把事情上报给)his editor. 【写作金句】The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials. 课本和词典可以用作参考书籍然而杂志当作阅读材料。. 经典句式7. Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一停下来, 它就涌上心头, 我会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。【典型例句】We did

35、nt know how we would cope once the money had gone. 一旦钱花光了, 我们就不知道该怎么办了。【句型公式】若once 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致, 且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式或从句为“it be. . . ”形式时, 从句中的“主语+be”或“it be”可以省略。【语境速测】 完成句子Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything. 一旦你开始做某件事情, 你必须坚持下去,

36、 否则你将不会有所收获。句式转换Once it is lost, the good chance may never come again. Once lost, the good chance may never come again. (省略)【备选要点】it hit/hits sb. +从句【教材原句】Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (P6)突然我想起在那个年代, 一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。【词块必记】it作形式主语的其他常用句型: It

37、occurs/occurred to sb. that. . . 某人突然想到It strikes/struck sb. that. . . 某人突然想到It happens/happened that. . . 碰巧【语境速测】 单句语法填空It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct. It hits (hit) me that nothing is more precious than health. 完成句子It hit/struck/occurred to me that the phone n

38、umber I had told them was wrong. 我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。. 单句语法填空1. (2018全国卷)Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which often is referred (refer) to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. 2. (2020 天津高考)Making a full-length clay(粘土)figure would no

39、t exhaust my strength and that is what I intend to do. 3. (2020全国卷)After a while, she apologized for the way she behaved (behave)at the beginning. 4. (2020浙江高考)Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors. 5. (2019

40、江苏高考)Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. . 完成句子1. Premier Li Keqiang said it was an important task to find jobs for all the university graduates. 李克强总理说帮助所有大学毕业生找到工作是一项重要任务。2. Only after the reason is found ou

41、t can we avoid the same accident. 只有找出原因后, 我们才能避免类似事故。3. Failure can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to make use of it. 一旦学会了利用失败, 那么失败就能为你的生活做出积极的贡献。4. It suddenly hit me that I had left my passport on the table in the kitchen. 我突然想到我把护照落在厨房的桌子上了。5. It was your help and kin

42、dness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable. 是你的帮助和善意使我在英国的学习和生活特别和有乐趣。. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)At the seminar 1. held(hold) in our school, Fu Xiuying, a famous woman writer who graduated from our school, delivered a speech on the 2. importance(important) of reading books. She 3. arg

43、ued(argue)that we should form the habit of reading. In her speech, she referred to the campaign she launched last year to raise peoples awareness of reading. She said that once we determined 4. to read(read) a book, we have to carry on with it. After 5. listening(listen) to her speech, I was greatly

44、 moved. It suddenly hit me that I hadnt been to the bookstore for a long time. I had long wanted to buy some books intended 6. for senior students. So I went there and selected two 7. books(book) in connection with the growth and study of adolescents. I also bought a book written by Fu Xiuying. In h

45、er book, Fu 8. shares (share)her feelings and ideas with us about teaching children how to behave 9. themselves (them) and learn to respect others. Another author shares his own childhood stories and inspires young readers to live 10. an active life. I think it is worthwhile reading these books. 核心素

46、养培养学生向著名人物学习的意识, 并立志自己也要成为一个对社会有突出贡献的人高考链接2020天津高考阅读理解B; 2020新高考全国卷完形填空; 2019全国卷阅读理解D、语法填空; 2018全国卷阅读理解C. 话题与阅读理解(2019全国卷阅读理解D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts sp

47、end hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High Schoo

48、l in Fairport, New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution. “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it ju

49、st like NASA engineers, ” says Florence Gold, a project manager. “There are no tests, ” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal? Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA

50、. Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and. . . its not a very nice thing at time. Its a hard business review of your product. ”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit b

51、ack. I dont teach. ” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的科研项目HUNCH, 鼓励学生开发创新思维, 培养实际生活技能。1. What do we know about the bacteria in the Internatio

52、nal Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution. C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句提到的“来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面无法控制地生长, 所以宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。”可知, 在国际空间站, 很难除掉细菌。2. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengt

53、hen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. ”可知, 该项目设计的目的是使中学课堂和NASA

54、的工程师们联合起来。分析选项可知, D项与该意思一致。3. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs. C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.

55、 Engineers come and really do an in-person review. . . ”可知, NASA的工程师们要亲自检查他们的成果。4. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier. C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章的最后一句可知, 戈登的学生每

56、天都会给NASA的工程师发邮件, 讨论这个问题, 为太空测试准备一个可行的解决方案, 故B项“太空: 最后的作业前沿”作为文章的标题最合适。【语用提能】话题词汇annoying, astronauts, engineers, present, break短语is designed to, zero gravity, do an in-person review, a workable solution 【微语法填空】(2019全国卷阅读理解D改编)Bacteria are an 1. _(annoy) problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物

57、) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours 2. _ (clean) them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. HUNCH is designed 3. _ (connect) high

58、school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students 4. _ (study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution. “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, ” says Florence Gold, a project manager.

59、“There are no 5. _ (test), ” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal? 6. _ (basic), its Ive got to produce this product and then, at 7. _ end of the year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person review,

60、 and. . . its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product. ”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) 8. _ college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in 9. _ (them) studies 10. _ I just sit back. I dont teach. ” And that annoying ba

61、cteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 1. 【解析】annoying。 考查形容词修饰名词。annoy的形容词是annoying, 表示令人烦恼的。2. 【解析】 cleaning。 考查固定句式, spend time (in) doing, 所以用cleaning。3. 【解析】to connect。 考查固定句式, be designed to do,

62、表示被用来做某事, 所以用to connect。4. 【解析】have been studying。考查时态。 For the past two years在最近两年, 和现在完成时连用。此处又因为表达一直在做某事, 所以用现在完成进行时。5. 【解析】tests。 考查名词单复数。谓语动词用的是are, 所以用复数tests。6. 【解析】Basically。考查副词修饰整个句子。basic的副词是basically。7. 【解析】the。考查固定搭配。at the end of在结尾, 所以用the。8. 【解析】on。 考查固定搭配。have an impact/influence/ef

63、fect on. . . , 所以用on。9. 【解析】their。考查物主代词。孩子专注于他们的学习, 所以用their。10. 【解析】that。考查连词。so. . . that. . . 如此以至于. 话题与写作假如你是李华, 在学完“Women of achievement”这一单元后, 请按要求写一篇关于屠呦呦的简介。内容包括: 1. 对她的评价; 2. 她的研究方向(Malaria疟疾) 以及成就; 3. 她现在的生活。注意: 1. 词数80个左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; 3. 尽量使用本单元学到的词汇。Step 1写作技巧(1)要点写作(根据汉语提示补全句子

64、)中国有很多取得巨大成就的女性, 比如说林巧稚、宋庆龄等。There are many women with great achievements in China, such as Lin Qiaozhi, Song Qingling and so on. 这些女性被全世界所尊重。These women are respected by the world. 她领导了抗击疟疾的运动。She led the campaign against Malaria. 她的疾病激发她从事医学研究。Her sickness inspired her to go into medical research.

65、 她一从北京医学院毕业就致力于这项有价值的事业。 Once she graduated from Beijing Medical College, she devoted herself to the worthwhile career. 获得诺贝尔奖后她坚持工作, 并过着积极向上的生活。She carries on her work after winning the Nobel Prize and lives a positive life. (2)句式升级用定语从句提升句、。There are many women with great achievements in China, su

66、ch as Lin Qiaozhi, Song Qingling and so on, who are respected by the world. Step 2妙笔成篇(运用关联词串连以上句子)_【参考范文】There are many women with great achievements in China, such as Lin Qiaozhi, Song Qingling and so on, who are respected by the world. Nowadays, Tu Youyou, a specialist in traditional Chinese medi

67、cine has become one of the greatest women in the world. She led the campaign against Malaria. She was once ill when in middle school, and her sickness inspired her to go into medical research. Once she graduated from Beijing Medical College, she devoted herself to the worthwhile career. She also rec

68、eived support from her family. By chance, she was assigned to do research into a cure for Malaria. She came across many failures but finally succeeded. She carries on her work after winning the Nobel Prize and lives a positive life. 语法填空Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2

69、011, the country 1. _(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2. _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3. _ (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reaso

70、n for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. _ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5. _ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run-off. This switch has decreased 6. _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for

71、people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total. 7. _ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 8. _ (start) a soil-testing program 9. _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011

72、, fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51. 8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 10. _ (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide, ”says the banks Juergen Voegele.

73、 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来, 随着中国人的饮食结构的变化, 在中国种植玉米的数量显著增加, 而种植水稻的数量减少了。1. 【解析】has grown。句意: 自2011年以来, 中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知, 此处使用现在完成时, 且主语the country为单数, 故填has grown。2. 【解析】the。句意: 在过去的25年里, 玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%, 而水稻的产量只增长了7%。本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。3. 【解析】actually

74、。句意: 对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因: 中国的玉米有很重要的一个作用就是用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语, 故用actual的副词形式actually。4. 【解析】to improve。句意: 玉米产量增长的另一个原因是: 政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高水质。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的, 故使用动词不定式作目的状语。5. 【解析】than。句意: 玉米用水量比水稻少, 造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less可知, 此处表示比较, 故使用介词than。6. 【解析】pollution。句意: 这种变化已

75、经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染, 使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语, 故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。7. 【解析】global。句意: 根据世界银行的统计, 中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语, 故使用globe的形容词形式global。8. 【解析】started。句意: 中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间, 化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年政府启动了土壤检测项目, 它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 2005,

76、 由此可知此处使用一般过去时。9. 【解析】that/which。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program, 指物, 关系词在从句中作主语, 故使用关系代词that或which。10. 【解析】feeding。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 故使用现在分词作时间状语。【长难句分析】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 在过去的25年里, 玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%, 而水稻的产量只增长了7%。本句中while为并列连词, 连接两个并列分句, 表示对比, 意为“然而, 而”。关闭Word文档返回原板块- 28 - 版权所有高考资源网