全国版2022版高考英语大一轮复习第二部分语法知识贯通专题二非谓语动词2备考试题含解析2021032214.doc

1、第二部分 语法知识贯通专题二非谓语动词题组1 限时模拟A单句填空1.2021四川绵阳一诊,67BeiDou Navigation Satellite System adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability (receive) messages sent by people from areas with poor signals.2.2021天津八校联考,28(release) on September 25,2020, Leap, which focuses on the story of Chin

2、ese Women Volleyball Team, soon became a great hit.3.2021安徽江淮十校二测,42Though he studied for the civil service exam to become a civil servant like his father, Du Fu failed (pass) and spent many years traveling.4.2021山西太原质量监测,63The people born in the 1980s or 1990s believe that(save) food is a virtue.5.

3、2021黑龙江哈尔滨部分学校第一次考试,64Plum rains, often (occur)during June and July, refer to the long period of continuous rainy or cloudy weather.6.2021河南名校联考,61 & 62Ant Forest (found) by Ant Financial Services Group has received a 2019 Champions of the Earth award, the UNs highest environmental honor. Ant Forest

4、 improves greener lifestyles by inspiring users (reduce) carbon emissions in their daily lives and better protect the environment.7.2021江苏百校联考,67 & 68You may have noticed how busy tree squirrels are in fall, (search) for every last seed and nut that can be found and stocking their tree homes with en

5、ough food (get) them through winter. 8.2021贵州贵阳摸底考试,70I also look forward to (open) chances to expose the people of my country to Chinese culture. 9.2021山西太原质量监测,64Young people also give their opinions on how(help)reduce food waste.10.2021陕西百校联盟第一次模拟,61A 56-year-old enthusiastic backyard birdwatcher

6、 named Stuart Dahlquist spent years (leave) out food for a family of crows.11.2021河北衡水中学期中,80Busily (employ) in cleaning his shoes, he didnt notice my coming.12.2021广东四市名校联考,36A massive wildfire forces thousands of people (flee) their homes.13.2021辽宁六校协作体联考,60The plants are irrigated by (use) a simp

7、le drip system(滴灌系统). 14.2020广东六校联考,62The tea from China is in great abundance. (tell) if a pot of tea is nice you can mainly rely on the color, smell, taste and form. 15.2020山东临沂期中,64People with a healthy lifestyle and good genetic inheritance(遗传特征)tend (score)younger on these assessments.16.2020四川

8、绵阳一诊,61Li Na became the first Asian-born player (head) to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2019.17.2020湖南益阳、湘潭两市教学质量测评,43They are as important as a birthday cake with its candles (light) in western countries.18.2020黑龙江大庆铁人中学期中,14The careless driver is (blame) for the traffic accident that ha

9、ppened yesterday.B单句改错19.2021豫湘名校联考I think attend extra classes during the weekends will make me to rely on them. 20.2021江西名校第二次联考After get home,I talked to my parents about my idea. 21.2021吉林省吉林市一调I have a good command of English and Im confident in giving players guidance and help as requiring. 22

10、.2021黑龙江八校联考I appreciate the beauty hiding in literature. 23.2021安徽四校适应性测试Tea has a long history in China, dated back to 5, 000 years ago. 24.2021河南新乡一模Only by making good preparations for exams can we avoid suffer from the pressure. 25.2021江西临川一中考试People will surely take it for granted that they ha

11、ve the duty prevent any killing of wild animals. 26.2021四省八校开学考Some students play mobile phones or sleep in class, waste large quantities of precious time. 27.2021山西运城期中Im glad to hear that you are considering make up with Peter. 28.2020辽宁五校协作体联考From then on,we managed to spare half an hour every da

12、y to reading books,however busy we were. 29.2020河北石家庄摸底考试Journey to the West is a fantastic story setting in the Tang dynasty. 30.2020安徽示范高中名校联考I often help making tea and drink together with him. 题组2 精选真题A单句填空1.2020全国,65They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes

13、 and messages of good fortune.2.2020全国,69And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.3.2020浙江,63Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, (make) use of annual floods to irr

14、igate(灌溉) their fields.4.2020北京,5It takes them hundreds of years(break) down. 5.2020天津,4 (help)us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.6.2020江苏,31Technological innovations, (combine)with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.7.2020浙江1月,57The median

15、(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30 today it is 41 and is expected(increase) to 42 by 2050. 8.2019全国,64Modern methods.are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area. 9.2019全国,65she had no plans(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 10.2019全国,68When we got a call (say) she was short-lis

16、ted, we thought it was a joke. 11.2019全国,62On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take (get) there. 12.2019天津,10Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design)to help them succeed academically and personally. 13.2019江苏

17、,32Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs. 14.2018全国,64 & 65I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel(challenge).15.2018全国,70Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed)

18、 its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide, says the banks Juergen Voegele.16.2018浙江11月,62Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism. 17.2018全国,62You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.18.2018北京,10Ordinary soap, (use) co

19、rrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.19.2018江苏,26Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed)the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.20.2018全国,70Once his message was delivered, he allowed me(stay) and watch.21.2018天津,7I need a new passport so I will have to ha

20、ve my photograph(take).22.2018北京,3 (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.23.2018浙江,59I still remember (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years24.2017乙卷(全国),63Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required (process) the food that we eat

21、.25.2017丙卷(全国),61But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest). 26.2017北京,27Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.27.2017北京,30The national park has a large collection of wildlife, (range) from butterfli

22、es to elephants.28.2017天津,10I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch).29.2017丙卷(全国),65But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.30.2016四川,64For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find

23、something (eat)! 31.2016丙卷(全国),64People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.32.2016丙卷(全国),63Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal(create)special designs.33.2016天津,4The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, (make)air conditioning unnece

24、ssary.34.2016乙卷(全国),67My ambassadorial duties will include(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.B单句改错35.2020全国改错I tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill. 36.2019全国改错If I succeed in man

25、age one, I will open more. 37.2019全国改错Now my dream is to opens a cafe. 38.2018全国改错Everyone was silent, wait to see who would. 39.2018全国改错As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me. 40.2016甲卷(全国)改错We can choose between stayi

26、ng at home and take a trip. 41.2016丙卷(全国)改错I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. A专项语篇型填空(非谓语动词)Standing at the window of an expensive shop was a young woman 1(dress)in blue jeans. She went in and asked2(see) a dress in the window. The assistant 3(serve) her did not like the way s

27、he dressed and told her the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily. 4 (decide) to punish the assistant, the woman returned to the shop the following morning. Finding the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, he was eager 5 (serve)her this time. Wi

28、th great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window 6(get) the dress. Seeing this, the woman said that she didnt like it. She made the assistant7(bring) almost everything in the window before finally 8(buy) the dress she had asked for at first. She was very pleased with what she had done. 9 (recogn

29、ize)the woman by now, the assistant didnt feel angry. Instead, he felt sorry for what he had done the day before, 10 (apologize) to her for what he had done. The woman forgave him and later became a regular customer of the shop.B语法填空2021山东部分重点中学综合测试Kang Yu, a 24-year-old volunteer teacher in a remot

30、e town in the mountains of Yunnan province, was teaching calligraphy to the eighth graders when all of 1 sudden, the clouds seemed to burst and the electricity went out. 2(see) that the students were staring at the rain, Kang 3(immediate) got a burst of inspiration.She told them to go outside, under

31、 a shelter, to enjoy the rain and come back to write something like a poem. Much _4 her surprise, the works written by the students were far beyond her expectations!Inspired by that class, Kang founded the non-profit organization, Enlighten Our Future, to help Chinese youngsters improve their mental

32、 well-being and their exam grades through poetry composition and 5(appreciate). She managed to persuade 13 schools 6(adopt) the Four-Season Poetry Lessons project, with a teaching plan, content and methods she provided. So far, the poetry lessons 7(design) by the organization have helped 68,000 stud

33、ents in 823 primary and middle schools, mostly in poor areas. Now Enlighten Our Future 8(run) by three full-time workers, including Kang, 60 part-time workers, 280 backups and more than 1,000 volunteers.Whats great about poetry is that it can help one to find an 9(effect) way to communicate with one

34、self, she says. What they need is not sympathy, but recognition, 10 I think will influence their whole life.C短文改错2021山西太原质量检测In order to celebrated National Day and the Mid-Autumn Festival,and we had an 8-day holiday.After it,my classmates and I were talking about how to do during the holiday excite

35、dly.Then we decided to go to help the farmers instead of stay at home.As soon as we arrived at farm,we were attracted by the apples hanging on the branches.We couldnt wait to pick the apples,which were the most interesting work.Particular,we were allowed to choose what we liked best and taste them.W

36、e didnt feel boring at all even though the job was tiring.We worked for 5 hours happily unless the sun set.答 案专题二非谓语动词题组1限时模拟A单句填空1.to receive此处考查固定用法ability to do sth.做某事的能力。【知识储备】原动词如果习惯搭配不定式作宾语,则其名词往往习惯搭配不定式作后置定语,常见的有decide to dothe decision to do, determine to dothe determination to do, promise

37、to dothe promise to do等。2.Released分析句子结构可知,本句的主干为Leap soon became a great hit,空处为非谓语动词作状语,且release与主语Leap之间为动宾关系,故填过去分词形式。3.to pass句意:尽管杜甫为了像父亲一样成为一名官员而参加了科举考试,但他没有通过考试,接着开始了多年的游历生活。fail to do.意为失败,未做成,为固定搭配,故填to pass。4.saving分析句子结构可知,空处与food为宾语从句的主语,应用动词-ing形式,故填saving。 5.occurring分析句子结构可知,本句谓语为ref

38、er to,故空处为非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语是主谓关系,所以填occurring。6.founded;to reduce分析句子结构可知,第一句的谓语为has received,第一空应填非谓语动词,且found与其逻辑主语Ant Forest为动宾关系,所以第一空填founded;第二空考查固定表达inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事,故第二空填to reduce。7.searching;to get分析句子结构可知,search和其逻辑主语tree squirrels构成主谓关系,故第一空用现在分词形式searching;第二空为不定式短语作目的状语,所以填to g

39、et。8.opening此处look forward to doing sth.为固定表达,意为盼望做某事,所以填opening。9.to help分析句子结构可知,此处为 特殊疑问词+不定式短语结构,在句中作介词on的宾语,故填to help。10.leaving此处考查固定表达spend some time doing sth.,意为花时间做某事,所以填leaving。11.employed根据句子结构和句意可知,空处为非谓语动词作原因状语,且employ与其逻辑主语he为动宾关系,再结合固定搭配be employed in doing sth.可知,空处应填employed。12.to

40、flee句意:一场大规模的野火迫使成千上万的人逃离家园。force sb. to do sth.意为迫使某人做某事,故填to flee。13.using介词后接名词、代词或动名词,根据介词by可知,空处用动名词形式,故填using。14.To tell分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语,故用动词不定式To tell。15.to score句意:拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人往往在这些评价中获得高分。此处考查固定用法,tend to do sth.往往做某事。16.to head被the only, the first, the second, the best等修饰的名词,常

41、用动词不定式作后置定语。17.lit句意:在西方国家,它们和点着蜡烛的生日蛋糕一样重要。句中使用了with+宾语+宾补结构,its candles与light之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作宾补,填lit。18.to blame句意:粗心的司机应该为昨天发生的交通事故承担责任。sb. be to blame for sth.意为某人应该为某事负责,故填to blame。B单句改错19.attendattending; 去掉to从句谓语动词为will make,此处主语应用动词-ing形式,故把attend改为attending;make sb. do sth.为固定搭配,表示使某人做某事

42、,应用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,故去掉to。20.getgetting句意:回家后,我和父母谈了我的想法。介词后动词应用动词-ing形式作宾语,故将get改为getting。21.requiringrequired句意:我精通英语,我有信心按照被要求的那样给运动员提供指导和帮助。此处为as引导的方式状语从句,该从句中省略了主语和动词be,又该处表被动意义,故用过去分词形式。22.hidinghidden句意:我欣赏隐藏在文学中的美。分析句子结构可知, hide在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且与其逻辑主语beauty之间为动宾关系,故应用过去分词作定语。23.dateddating分析句子结构可

43、知,本句的谓语动词是has,date在句中应用非谓语动词形式,date back to为固定用法,意为追溯到,与主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以将dated改为dating。24.suffersuffering句意:只有做好考试准备,我们才能避免承受压力。此处考查固定搭配avoid doing sth.避免做某事,avoid后跟动词-ing作宾语,故suffer改为suffering。25.prevent前加to句意:人们肯定会想当然地认为他们有责任防止任何杀害野生动物的行为。have a/the duty to do sth.意为有责任做某事,故在prevent前加to。26.wastewast

44、ing分析句子结构可知,本句子已有谓语动词,且此处前面没有连词连接,应为非谓语动词;又waste与主语Some students构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故应该使用现在分词形式。27.makemaking此处考查固定用法consider doing sth.。28.readingreadspare sb./sth. to do sth.意为抽出做某事,为固定用法。29.settingset分析句子结构可知,动词set和其逻辑主语a fantastic story之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词set。30.makingmakehelp do sth.意为帮忙做某事,故将making改为make。题组2

45、精选真题A单句填空1.decorated空前的them和decorate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语,填decorated。2.surrounding此处考查see sth. doing结构,surrounding the mountain tops在此作宾补。3.making结合and和上文的planting可知,此处应该填making与其并列。4.to break句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth.+一段时间+to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It为形式主语。故填t

46、o break。5.To help句意: 为了帮助我们为考试做准备, 老师建议我们通读我们的笔记。根据句意可知,此处应填不定式, 表目的。bined句意:技术创新与良好的营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。结合句意并分析句子结构可知,主语Technological innovations和动词combine之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。7.to increase根据is expected可知,其后需要接不定式to do结构,意为预计将。8.to perform此处考查主语+be+adj.+不定式结构,主语通常是不定式动作的承受者, 不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。9.to retire此处表

47、示她没有从她(从事了)36年的事业中退休的计划。名词plan(s)后常跟不定式作定语,plans to do sth.意为做某事的计划。10.saying句意:当我们接到一个电话说她入围时,我们以为这是个玩笑。分析句子结构可知,say与a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式saying,saying.作后置定语,说明a call的内容。11.to get句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得非常大,我们不禁想知道还要多久才能到达那里。it takes sb. some time to do sth.意为做某事花费某人多长时间,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。12.d

48、esigned此处course与design之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。13.recognizing句意:随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用,中国的形象正在稳步提升。此处是with复合结构,动词recognize与其逻辑主语more countries之间是主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式。14.looking; challenged句意:我赶紧弯腰低头,避免与他直视,这样他就不会感觉受到挑战。第一空在avoid后作宾语,avoid doing sth.表示避免做某事,故此处应用动词-ing形式;第二空在系动词feel之后,作表语,且challenge和主语he为逻辑

49、上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。15.feeding此处为状语从句的省略,且feed与其逻辑主语为主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。16.called分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词是cause,此处应填非谓语动词;problem与call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词。17.to see分析句子结构可知,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。18.used句意:普通肥皂,如果使用得当,能有效应对细菌。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作条件状语,use与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用过去分词。19.exceeding句意:这段时间约13 500个新的就业岗位被创造出来,超过了市场分析师预计的12 0

50、00个。exceed与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词。20.to stay此处考查allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事, 故填不定式作宾语补足语。21.taken分析句子结构可知,本空在句中作宾语补足语,动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词。22.Traveling句意:沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有意义的经历。分析句子结构可知,is前的部分为主语,故此处应用动词-ing形式。23.visiting结合语境可知,此处表示记得做过某事,因此用remember doing sth.,故填visiting。24.to proce

51、ss句意:动植物油和盐是饮食中非常重要的部分。我们需要它们来加工吃的食物。此处考查be required to do sth.(被需要来做某事)。25.restingspend some time doing sth.是固定用法,故填resting。26.to save句意:现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机卡,以节约他们的宝贵时间。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处用动词不定式作目的状语。27.ranging句意:国家公园有大量的野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应使用非谓语动词,且空处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife为主谓

52、关系,故填ranging。28.to catch句意:整个会议上我一直在看钟表,因为我要赶火车。本空所在部分用了have sth. to do结构表示有某事要做,因此这里用不定式。29.to provewant to do是固定搭配,故填 to prove。30.to eat分析句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式的主动形式作定语修饰不定代词something。31.usinguse与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系,故此处用现在分词作状语。32.to create句意:熟练的工人为了创造独特的设计,还把各种硬木与金属结合起来。本空在句中作目的状语,因此用不定式。33.making句意:冷风通过

53、我们卧室的窗户袭来,使得开空调没有必要。空处在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,且与句子主语之间为主谓关系,故应用现在分词。34.introducing动词include后要跟动词-ing作宾语,所以此空填introducing。B单句改错35.forced后加tobe forced to do sth.被迫做某事。36.managemanaging介词后跟动词时应用其-ing形式作宾语。37.opensopen分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式在句中作表语。38.waitwaitingwait前没有连词,所以此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语,且Everyone与wait为逻辑上的主谓关系,故应

54、用动词-ing形式。39.watchingwatch此处考查ask to do sth.要求做某事,为固定用法,ask后跟不定式作宾语。40.taketaking此处and连接两个并列的成分,且介词后应接动词-ing形式,所以将take改为taking。41.wearwearing介词后跟动词时应用其-ing形式作宾语。A专项语篇型填空(非谓语动词)本文讲述了顾客和售货员之间发生的故事。1.dressed动词dress表示穿衣服,这里用过去分词作后置定语。2.to seeask后接不定式作宾语,表示要求做某事。3.servingserve与The assistant为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在

55、分词作定语。4.Having decided这里用动词-ing作状语,用其完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作发生。5.to serve这里用be eager to do sth.表示渴望做某事。6.to get此处用不定式作目的状语。7.bring动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补。8.buying空处位于介词before后,应用动词-ing形式作宾语。9.Having recognized这里用动词-ing作状语,用其完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作发生。10.apologizing空处所在句已有谓语动词,故空处应用非谓语动词作伴随状语,且apologize与其逻辑主语he之间为主谓关

56、系,故用现在分词形式。B语法填空24岁的志愿者教师康瑜在云南省山区一个偏僻的小镇上教书法。一场大雨使教室断电,她便让学生去看雨并创作诗歌。学生们的作品远远超出了她的预期,这件事启发她创立了非营利组织是光,通过诗歌创作和欣赏帮助中国青少年改善心理健康和考试成绩。1.a考查固定搭配。all of a sudden突然为固定搭配。2.Seeing考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词,与主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。3.immediately考查词形转换。副词修饰动词,此处修饰动词got,故用副词形式。4.to考查固定搭配。Much to her surprise意为令她十分惊讶的是,符合语

57、境。5.appreciation考查名词。此处表示通过诗歌创作和欣赏,and连接并列成分,composition为名词,故此处应填appreciate的名词形式。6.to adopt考查固定用法。persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事为固定用法。7.designed考查非谓语动词。此处为分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词lessons,空处与lessons构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。8.is run考查时态、语态和主谓一致。Now提示时态应为现在时,又此处表述客观情况,故用一般现在时;主语Enlighten Our Future为单数,应是被运营,与run是被动关系

58、,故填is run。【知识储备】用所给动词的适当形式填空,需要先判断该动词是作谓语还是为非谓语动词,如果是作谓语,要考虑时态、语态和单复数问题。9.effective考查形容词。修饰名词需要用形容词,空处修饰名词way,应用形容词effective有效的。10.which考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为recognition,指物,空处在该定语从句中作主语,故用which。C短文改错作者讲述了自己在假期期间,跟同班同学去农场帮助农民摘苹果的经历。1.celebratedcelebrate动词形式误用。in order to do sth.为固定用法,意为为了做某事,所以需要将c

59、elebrated改为celebrate。2.删除and连词多用。分析句子结构可知,逗号前为不定式短语作目的状语,逗号后面为句子主干,所以需要删除and。3.AfterBefore介词误用。根据语境可知,我和同班同学们讨论假期要做什么应该发生在放假之前,所以需要将After改为Before。4.howwhat特殊疑问词误用。根据语境可知,此处表示做什么,所以需要将how改为what。5.staystaying动词形式误用。of为介词,后面接动词时需用动名词形式,所以需要将stay改为staying。6.farm前面加the冠词漏用。根据语境可知,此处farm特指我们之前讨论的要来帮助农民的农场

60、,所以需要在farm前面加定冠词the。7.werewas主谓一致误用。分析句子结构可知,此处which引导非限制性定语从句,指代摘苹果这件事,因此从句的谓语动词应用单数形式,所以需要将were 改为was。8.ParticularParticularly形容词和副词混用。分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰整个句子,所以需要将Particular改为Particularly。9.boringbored形容词误用。此处形容人的感受,需要用-ed结尾的形容词,所以将boring改为bored。10.unlessuntil/till/before连词误用。根据语境可知,我们一直工作到日落,快乐地工作了五个小时,所以需要将unless改为until/till。也可理解为在日落前我们快乐地工作了五个小时,故也可将unless改为before。