2022版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题08 介词和介词短语.docx

1、2022 3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题08 介词与介词短语【考点定位】 2022考纲解读和近几年考点分布【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点1 常见介词的活用Y0u cant wear a blue jacket over that shirtitII look terrible你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克太难看了。We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。We heard it over the radio我们从广播中听到了它。2by的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)

2、；通过方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by不久，迟早 by and large大体上by oneself单独 by the way顺便说说by far得多，最 by chance碰巧by accident偶然地 by means of借助by no means绝不，一点也不 by mistake错误地The water in the river rose by two meters河水上涨了两米。He is an Englishman by birth他在血统上是英国人。4beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多，但它却是一个考查热点。bey

3、ond表示“(时间)过了，比晚，迟于；(位置)在那边，超出之外；(范围)超过，为所不及，超出的范围”等意思。如：They arrived beyond nine oclock他们过了9：00才到。The book is beyond me这本书我看不懂。Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。考点2 介词的固定搭配-高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；off

4、 time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的；restdt from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：apart from除Pb；in addition to除之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of

5、在中间；according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等 典例：（2022福建卷）China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor of D. for the benefit of【三年高考】 10 、11、12高考试题及其解析2022高考英语试题

6、1.（2022大纲卷） 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A. forB. atC. onD. of3.（2022陕西卷）11An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A . against B. for C .to D. with【答案】A【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：达成协议似乎不可能，因为大多数委员会成员反对。against“反对”符合句意。4.（2022辽宁卷）27. The Well H

7、otel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out6.（2022福建卷）33.Nothing is so easy as _ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.A. ofB. toC. by D. for2022高考英语试题1、（2022安徽卷）Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety p

8、roblem.A inB toC onD after【答案】选B。【解析】考查介词。句意为：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers，意为“解决办法”，作此意时后跟介词to或towards，故选B项。2、（2022四川卷）Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there.A inB forC ofD on【答案】D 【解析】考查介词。on 表示关于，some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为：

9、“Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D。3、（2022湖北卷）When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster ,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside_ younger men.A in terms ofB in need ofC in favor ofD in praise of4、（2022重庆卷）Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the librar

10、y.A inB forC byD from【答案】D【解析】考查介词用法。句意：Shirley是一个真正的图书爱好者，她经常从图书馆带很多书回家阅读。from表示“从”。5、（2022浙江卷）I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained .A onB forC byD of6、（2022天津卷）He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A belowB ofC onD above【答案】D【解析】考察介词。句意为：他是一个好学生,大多数科目得分高于平均水平。a

11、bove average高于平均数；below average低于平均数；on average平均起来，一般说来。7、（2022山东卷）Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A beyondB withC amongD over【答案】D【解析】考查介词的用法。“over the past+时间段”意为”在过去的一段时间里”，可以作现在完成时的时间状语。句意为：很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。8、（2022全国2卷）This shop will be closed

12、for repairs further notice.A withB untilC forD at【答案】B【解析】考查介词。句意：在另行通知前，这家店将停止整顿。until further notice表示“在另行通知前”。9、（2022江苏卷）Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detailBin generalCon purposeDon time10、（2022福建卷）good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of tradition

13、al Fujian dished.A Far fromB Apart from C. instead ofD Regardless of11、（2022北京卷）With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken color.A byB forC withD in【答案】D【解析】考查介词。句意：随着科技的发展，水下沟壑的图片可以做成彩色的。in color表示“使用彩色”。2022高考英语试题1.(2022高考英语上海秋季卷,30)In ancient times, people rarely travelled l

14、ong distances and most farmers only travelled_ the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as3.(2022高考英语重庆卷,22)The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money _ me.A. byB. forC. in D. with5.(2022高考英语浙江卷,7)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask

15、 you again just _. Aby nature Bin return Cin case Dby chance 【答案】C【解析】本题考查介词短语。分析四个选项的意思：by nature 天生地；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case 万一，以防；by chance偶然地。根据句意：我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事，但是以防万一，我再问你一次。6.(2022高考英语天津卷,13)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.A. by B. on C.

16、for D. against8.(2022高考英语上海春季卷,25)Were planning to send out a thousand invitations _ Expovolunteers.Aover Bin Con Dto10.(2022高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.A of B as C by D with【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的，而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。by name按姓名11.(2022高考英语江西卷,

17、29)We give dogs time, space and love we c an spare, and _, dogs give us their all.A in allB in factC in short D in return12.(2022高考英语湖北卷,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for

18、13.(2022高考英语福建卷,27)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of 【答案】 C【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：“因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“缺乏，短缺”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。据句意可知，C项符合。【两年模拟】 11、12高考模拟题及其答案11、12高考模拟题1、（山西省2022届高三年

19、级四校联考试题英语）The manager refused to have his daughter in his department _ showing favor to her.Ain need of Bbecause ofCfor fear of Dregardless of3、（2022年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）To help the children who have lost their parents, it takes love and care _ money.Ano more than Brather thanCless than Dother, than4

20、、（2022山西省太原市模拟试题（一）Look, in front of the house _ _ with a history of over 100 yearsAdoes a tall tree standBa tall tree is standingCa tall tree standsDstands a tall tree【答案】D【解析】考查倒装句。表示方位的介词短语，如：（in the room，on the wall等）置于句首，且主语是名词时，该句子需用倒装。句意为：瞧，屋前有一棵100多年历史的大树。所以本题的正确答案为D。5、（2022江西省南昌市第二次模拟测试）_ w

21、hat has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem AExcept forBDue toCBecause ofDIn spite of6、（2022江苏省南通、扬州、泰州三市二模） Why did you quit your job? It was good _ salary, but I didnt like its working conditions.A in need ofB in face ofC in favo

22、r ofD in terms of7、（2022北京海淀二模）The woman pulled her hat low down _ her eyes in order not to be recognized by the angry crowdsAunderBbelowConDover【答案】D【解析】考查介词用法。由语境可知，她把帽子压到脸上，遮住了眼睛以便不让愤怒的人群认出她。over意为“在上方”，表部分或全部盖着，强调覆盖某物；on强调两物相接触。故D项正确。8、（2022东北三省四市高三教学质量监测（二）Children are taught to respect everyon

23、e, _ race, sex or age. A in terms ofB in the face ofC regardless ofD in place of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in terms of意为“就而言”；in the face of意为“面对”；regardless of意为“不管，不顾”；in place of意为“代替，替换”。句意为：应该教育孩子尊敬任何人，不论种族、性别和年龄。根据语境可知应选C。9、（2022山东省烟台市高三调研测试）She was told to wear flat shoes _ her back problem.Aon accoun

24、t ofBregardless ofCin terms ofDin case of10、（2022湖北省荆州市高中毕业班质量检查（一）When they got there, they found the people suffering from the earthquake were _ food and water supplies.Ain praise ofBin want ofCin honor ofDin place of【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语。他们到那里之后发现，地震中受灾的人们需要粮食和水。用 in want of 表示“需要”。A表扬；C为了纪念，向表示敬意；D代替

25、。11、（2022湖北省八校高三第一次联考）Since his works earned him quite a reputation in Liver-pool, he has stayed there most of his life, _ the occasional visit to his hometown.A apart fromB but forC. instead ofD regardless of12、（2022东北三校高三第一次联合模拟考试）A weather forecaster said the UK might experience its coldest Decem

26、ber_ after a heavy snow.A on recordB on earthC in allD above all【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：一个天气预报员说大雪过后。英国也许要经历有记录以来最寒冷的十二月。on record表示记录在案；公开发表。后三项分别表示“在世界上；究竟”“总计”“首先”，都与句意不符。13、（2022浙江省杭州市第二次教学质量检测）The government has made a promise that further measures will be taken to rid the street cirme.A fromB wit

27、hC ofD in 14、（2022山西省太原市上学期调研考试）different life today is what it was 30 years ago!Awhat; fromBHow; fromCHow; withDWhat; with15、（2022江苏省南京市二模）Shes got the job because she has the advantage _ others of knowing many languages. A overB aboveC againstD beyond 【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意为：她懂多种语言，所以她强过其他人，得到了这份工作。have

28、 the advantage over意为“优越于胜过”，是固定短语，符合语境。故A项正确。【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析1、She took the boy _ the hand and led him _ the zoo.A. in; by B. on; at C. at; in D. by; round【解析】介词by与动词seize,take,hold,shake,lead等词连用，表示接触身体或者物体的某一部分。如:He seized me by the hand.另外，show/lead sb.round sp.表示“带领某人参观某地”。【答案】D2、We must read no

29、t only between the lines,but sometimes_the lines so that we can fully understand the writer.A.within B.among C.besides D.beyond【答案】D【解析】考查介词。beyond the lines的意思是“字里行间”，即言外之意。3、Is your grandpa still with you?No.He still prefers to live in the small mountain village all its disadvantages.A.forB.except

30、 C.withD.to4、Sorry,Madam.Youd better come tomorrow because its the visiting hours.A.during B.atC.beyondD.before【解析】beyond表示超过(某一时间)，迟于；超出范围。本题含义为：你最好明天来，因为已经超过来访时间了。【答案】C5、The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.A.from B.in C.of D.at6、You cant wear a blue jacket _ that sh

31、irt.Itll look terrible.A. on B. above C. up D. over【解析】根据介词的基本意思，选项B表示“在上方”，暗含不接触；C项是副词，意思是“朝上”，应首先排除；选项A的意思是“在表面上”，暗含表面的某一个地方；而D项的意思是“在上面”，暗含覆盖。根据常识，外面的衣服不是穿在衬衣上的某个地方，而是将整个衬衣覆盖。【答案】D评注:理清介词自身的词义及介词在表达前后语中的功能。7、People like to live in the village,which is free crowds and thieves.A.forB.of C.in D.by8、

32、None of them had expected that the middle aged engineer died hisdesign uncompleted.A.with B.from C.without D.of9、_the birthrate down by 10%,the number of the population has decreased.A.For B.With C.As D.By【答案】D 【解析】with+名词或者代词+副词（down）,表示“随着”,在句中表示原因；而as也可表示“随着”,但它引导时间状语从句,不符合句子结构,故选B项。10、He thought

33、 the jar made of earth little value and let me have it only one dollar.A.with;forB.of;by C.of;for D.with;by【解析】题干意思为：他认为那个泥坛子没什么价值，以一美元的价格卖给了我。第一个空白处的 of后接(little) value,相当于形容词(little)valuable.第二个空白处的“for”表示支付价格或数量。如：I bought this book for $3/I paid $3 for this book.我花了三美元买了这本书。Those cigarettes are

34、$2 for twenty.此香烟每二十枝售价两美元。【答案】C11、People like to live in the village，which is free _ crowds and thieves.A. for B. of C. in D. by【答案】B【解析】本句意思为“人们喜欢住在农村，那儿没有拥挤的人群和盗贼”。短语be free of/from相当于without/safe from/untroubled by,意为“没有，不受影响的，免于”。12、He thought the jar made of earth _ little value and let me hav

35、e it only one dollar.A. with；for B. of；by C. of；for D. with；by13、He got to the station early，_ missing his train.A.in case ofB.instead ofC.for fear ofD.in search of14、“Dont go out _ the rain _ an umbrella,” mother shouted _ me.A. in; on; atB. under; with; toC. under; without; at D. in; without; to【答

36、案】D【解析】表示在自然现象“雨中，雪中，雾中”，均用介词in，如:They were caught in a heavy rain yesterday.介词at和to均可表示“朝”，如:He called out to me.根据句意可知“没带雨伞别跑到雨中去”。因此第二空选without。15、They had a pleasant chat _a cup of coffee.A.for B.with C.during D.over【答案】D【解析】本题考查介词搭配。over“在（做）时”。他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。【考点预测】 2022高考预测【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题

37、母题1：母题2：The classroom is big enough _,but well have to move if we have more students.A.for the momentB.on the momentC.in a momentD.for a moment【解析】for the moment暂时。根据“well have to move if we have more students”可判断出教室可暂时容纳现有的学生。for a moment 表示一段时间。【答案】A母题4：This accident is reported to have occurred _the first Sunday in February.A.atB.onC.inD.to【解析】本题考查介词。星期几前面习惯用介词on。【答案】B母题5：18