2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiology1SectionⅠWarmup.doc

1、Section Warm up & Lesson 1ComprehendingA卷 阅读理解AWhat would it take to persuade you to exercise? A desire to lose weight or improve your figure? To keep you away from diseases? To live to a healthy old age? Youd think any of those reasons would be enough to get Americans exercising. Yet a vast majorit

2、y of Americans have thus far failed to swallow_the_“exercise_pill”Now a research by psychologists strongly suggests its time to think of current wellbeing(幸福) and happiness as motivators for exercise instead of future health, weight loss and body image.Dr. Segar, one of the researchers, believes tha

3、t immediate rewards are more motivating than distant ones. “People who say they exercise for the quality of life exercise more over the course of a year than those who say they value exercise for its health benefits.” He said. Other studies have shown that what keeps people moving depends on age, se

4、x and life circumstances. For those of college age, physical attractiveness typically heads the list of reasons to begin exercising, although what keeps them going seems to be the stress relief that a regular exercise program provides. The elderly, on the other hand, may get started because of healt

5、h concerns. But often what keeps them exercising are the friendships and sense of community that may otherwise be missing from their lives. Improving daily wellbeing is the most influential factor for the women. Men indicate they are motivated by more distant health benefits, but this may be because

6、 men feel less comfortable discussing their mental health needs.“Exercise should be encouraged but the emphasis on weight loss, disease prevention and healthy aging should be reduced.” Dr. Segar concluded. “Exercise can make people feel more energetic, less stressed and, yes, happier.”【解题导语】一项研究表明，为

7、了现在的幸福感而锻炼的人比为减肥、保持健康而锻炼的人更能积极地坚持锻炼。1What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?ABe free from diseases.BTake some diet pills.CImprove their figure.DKeep physically active.D解析：词义猜测题。根据上文可知，美国人可以找到很多理由进行身体锻炼，但大多数美国人都不能做到积极锻炼。故选D项。2. According to the passage, which of the following persons may e

8、xercise more in a year?AJane, who decides to lose weight. BDavid, who exercises for future health.CMary, who enjoys exercising with her son.DMark, who is suffering from a serious illness.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，研究表明，应将目前的幸福感作为锻炼的动力，而不是未来的健康、减肥和体形。结合第三段可知，和儿子一起享受锻炼的Mary一年中会做更多的锻炼。故选C项。3According to Paragra

9、ph 4, which group of people tends to exercise for friendship?AMen.BWomen. CThe elderly. DCollege students.C解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的The elderly.friendships and sense of community可知，老年人倾向于为了友谊而锻炼。故选C项。4What is the author mainly arguing in the passage?AImmediate rewards of exercise should be emphasized.BDista

10、nt benefits should be the motivators for exercise.CFeeling relaxed is more important than future health.DMen and women take exercise for different purposes.A解析：写作意图题。纵观全文尤其是第二段和最后一段可知，本文旨在强调应把现在的回报作为锻炼的动力，而不是减肥、疾病预防、健康老龄化。故选A项。BImagine this scene：its blowing outside, and you snuggle(蜷伏) up on the so

11、fa under a warm quilt, chatting and recalling with your closest friends.That content, cosy feeling, has a name in Danishhygge. And, as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”， the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand

12、 this concept.Hyggeoriginally from a Norwegian word meaning wellbeingdoesnt have an exact equivalent(对应物) in English. Its often translated as coziness, or as blogger Anna West told the BBC, “coziness of the soul”. But, professor Maren Spark explains, “Hygge_was_never_meant_to_be_translated._It_was_m

13、eant_to_be_felt.”Basically, hygge involves creating a warm, cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark, so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and lig

14、hthearted conversation with friendspreferably in the warm glow of candlelight, or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing.However, hygge isnt only limited to the cold winter monthsit can also describe that warm, fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with f

15、riends on a summers day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared.【解题导语】每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。5The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to_Ahelp the readers to calm downBintroduce the topic of the pass

16、ageCpresent the main idea of the passageDremind the readers of their past memoriesB解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引出文章所要介绍的话题“hygge”。6What do the underlined sentences by Maren Spark mean?AThe translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough.BOnly Danish speakers know what “hygge” means.C“Hygg

17、e” is easy to translate but hard to feel.DWe can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it.D解析：句意理解题。根据第三段可知，“hygge”这个词常被解释为“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professor Maren Spark”的观点“hygge不应该被翻译，而应用来感受”。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解“hygge”的真正内涵。7Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity?ASkiin

18、g in the cold winter months.BLiving through long dark winters.CTaking afternoon tea with friends.DWalking alone in the forest.C解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛围并与你爱的人一起分享有关。C项中的“Taking afternoon tea”符合“creating a warm, cosy atmosphere”，“friends”对应“your loved ones”。故选C项。8The author writes thi

19、s passage to _Aexplain BpersuadeCcomment DadvertiseA解析：写作目的题。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。故选A项。CPaloma sat at a computer in the school library.She stared at the blank screen and the blinking cursor.She rummaged around in her backpack for a rubber band，and then she

20、pulled her hair into a thick ponytail.Paloma looked at the computer screen.It was still blank.She sighed and flipped through her notebook to reread the assignment Mr.Molina had given the class three weeks ago.It was due in just two days，and Paloma knew that she couldnt procrastinate any longer.Write

21、 a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently，Paloma read.Your story should include two examples of figurative language.Paloma and her family had recently taken a trip along North Carolinas coast.They had visited four different lighthouses，and Paloma wondered what it would b

22、e like to live in a lighthouse.She knew that before lighthouses were automated，they were run by a lighthouse keeper who lived on the premises.Paloma thought shed love to be a lighthouse keeper.Without thinking about it any longer，Paloma began to write the story.I sat with my cat Sadie curled on my l

23、ap and looked out the window at the crashing waves.The heavy rain beat against my lighthouse like a thousand footsteps racing up and down the walls.I held Sadie closer，and she let out a small meow of displeasure.I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normal

24、ly.I had read that animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane.I was relying on Sadies calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.I knew that my lighthouse was sturdily built.It had survived more than one hundred years worth of hurricanes a

25、nd tropical storms.There was no reason to believe that it couldnt survive another.I looked up at the staircase that spiraled above me and worried as I felt the tower sway slightly in a gust of wind.Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written.She smiled to herself in delight，saved her story，a

26、nd then settled into her chair to continue writing.She wasnt sure what was going to happen next，but she knew that if she kept going，the story would continue to tell itself.Paloma couldnt wait to find out where it would take her.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Paloma因完不成写作任务而苦恼不已时，她和家人的一趟旅行给了她写作的灵感。9Why is Paloma

27、feeling anxious at the beginning of the passage?AShe hasnt much time left to do her writing task.BShe doesnt know the details of her writing task.CShe has completely forgotten about her writing task.DShe doesnt know what is wrong with her computer.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“reread the assignment Mr.Molina ha

28、d given the class.she couldnt procrastinate any longer”可知，Paloma盯着空白的电脑一筹莫展，但Mr.Molina布置的写作任务的交稿日期即将到来，因此Paloma不能再拖延了，故选A项。10What is the inspiration for Palomas story idea?AHer cat. BHer teacher.CHer trip. DHer dream.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，Paloma和家人最近去了北卡罗来纳州的海岸，他们参观了四个不同的灯塔，这趟旅行启发了她，于是她开始写与灯塔有关的故事，所以

29、是Paloma和家人的这趟旅行给了她写作的灵感，故选C项。11In Palomas story，how does the lighthouse keeper decide if the storm is dangerous?ABy listening to the weather report.BBy watching the crashing waves.CBy observing the cats behaviour.DBy measuring the movement of the lighthouse.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I knew that the coming s

30、torm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally.I had read that animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter”可知，如果即将到来的暴风雨不太危险的话，Sadie(猫)就会表现得比较正常，因为动物能预知剧烈的天气变化，并且做出应急反应。因此灯塔看守人能根据猫的行为判断暴风雨的危险程度，故选C项。12As described in the final paragraph，how does Paloma feel after s

31、he has written the first part of her story?AConfused. BExcited.CRelieved. DDetermined.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She smiled to herself in delight”(她高兴地笑了)和“Paloma couldnt wait to find out where it would take her.”(Paloma迫不及待地想看自己能写到什么程度)，可知，Paloma对自己写的故事很满意并且感到很兴奋，故选B项。 七选五Many people think of guys as being

32、 carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact, a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body image.Body image is a persons opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance. 1._ You appreciate your body

33、 for its capabilities and accept its imperfections. 2._ Here are some ideas.Recognize your strengths. Different body types are good for different things. What does your body do well? Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport. That may be basketball,

34、table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running. Or perhaps you have nonsports skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, or acting. 3._ Exercise regularly. Exercise can help you look well and feel good about yourself. Good physiques(体形) dont just happen.

35、 4._ A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week. Working out can also lift your spirits.Respect your body! Practicing good habits regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and skin; wearing clean clothes, and so on can help you build a positive bo

36、dy image. 5._ Your body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy, a quick wit(智慧) and all the other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over.AUse this as an opportunity to discover what youre good at.BBe yourself.CHaving a positive body image means feeli

37、ng satisfied with the way you look.DJust explore talents that you feel good about.EThey take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet.FThe good news is that selfimage and body image can be changed.GSo, what can you do to develop a positive body image?【解题导语】本文讲述了男孩子对外貌的重视不亚于女生，这里作者提出了几点如何发展更好的

38、形象的建议。1C解析：空前的意思是：身体形象是一个人对于他外貌的看法和感觉。空后的意思是：你欣赏你身体的能力也接受它的缺点。所以这里选C(好的形象意味着我们对于自己的长相是很满意的)。2G解析：根据下一句Here are some ideas.以及以下几段内容说明都是关于如何才能发展更好的形象的。所以这里选G(你可以怎么做来发展一个好的形象)。3D解析：本段开头就提及要认识自己的优势，后面列举了很多这方面的内容，故提倡大家去探索你认为好的那些才能。所以这里选D(探索你认为好的那些才能)。4E解析：空前的意思是：好的体形不会偶然发生。空后的意思是：一个好的健康的习惯可以是一周三天锻炼二十分钟或者

39、一个小时。所以这里选E(他们需要刻苦的锻炼，有规律的工作，健康的饮食)。5B解析：空后的意思是：你的身体就是你自己的一部分。所以这里选B(做你自己)。B卷 阅读理解Feifei, an 11yearold boy from Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, suffered from a sudden acute eye disease which has almost led to blindness. The disease was caused by excessive(过度的) eye fatigue(疲劳) during the winter vacation, d

40、uring which he played computer games for continuous 10 days and nights.Many youngsters in China nowadays are increasingly addicted to computer games and other electronic products. This is followed by a series of health problems, with the most typical case being myopia, or nearsightedness.According t

41、o the latest research report released by the World Health Organization(WHO), the myopia rate among Chinese teenagers ranks first in the world70 percent of high school and college students. The rate is nearly 40 percent in primary school students, while it is only 10 percent for their peers in the Un

42、ited States.There are at least 10 million people in China with severe myopia, and they are likely to get pathological(病理学的) myopia in middle age. Pathological myopia cant be treated with glasses or surgery, and it is one of the biggest factors that lead to blindness, Xu Xun, director of the ophthalm

43、ology(眼科学) department at Shanghai General Hospital, pointed out.Experts explain that two major factors lead to the high rate of myopia among Chinese people. One is high academic pressure, and the other one is excessive use of electronic devices over a long period of time. Genetics, on the other hand

44、, is not the main reason, as only 20 percent of Chinese people had myopia in the 1960s.“Teenagers are now faced with severe academic pressure, which means they often study without natural light. This increases their risk of becoming nearsighted，” Xu said.Experts suggest that youngsters maintain a pr

45、oper balance between study and rest so as to protect their eyesight, and parents should play an active role in the process.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了目前中国青少年近视的现状以及引起青少年近视的主要原因，最后提出预防近视的建议。1Why does the author mention Feifeis experience in the first paragraph?ATo advise people to protect their eyes.BTo int

46、roduce the topic of nearsightedness.CTo inform people of the cause of blindness.DTo show that Feifei developed an eye disease.B解析：推理判断题。由全文可知，第二至七段都在讲青少年近视的问题，由此推测第一段的例子起到引出下文的作用。2What can be learnt from the passage?ANearsightedness may cause other health problems.BThere are more nearsighted student

47、s in the United States.C70 percent Chinese students in primary schools are nearsighted.DPathological myopia is most likely to cause blindness.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，病理学的近视可能是致盲的最大因素之一。3Which of the following can be a main reason for myopia?AGenetics factors.BLow academic pressure.COveruse of electroni

48、c devices.DReading in natural light.C解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，近视的主要原因之一是长时间过度使用电子设备。4What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph?AThe significance of protecting eyesight.BYoungsters bad behavior leading to myopia.CThe relationship between youngsters and their parents.DParents role in helpi

49、ng youngsters protect their eyesight.D解析：推理判断题。文章最后一段提到专家建议，为保护青少年的视力，青少年需要在学习和休息之间保持平衡，并且家长在此过程中需要起积极的作用。由此可知，文章接下来将可能讨论父母在帮助孩子保护视力方面的作用。 完形填空Back in 1959, when I was 13, I attended a school in Brooklyn. Because of the Sabbath on Friday, we had an early_1_from school. Most of the students would go

50、to local parks to play basketball or baseball. I always_2_myself instead in a small public library，_3_for hours before sundown, the beginning of the Sabbath.There was a kind of_4_in that library that led me to worlds that I thought Id never see. I was_5_to the Green Mountain Boys, to Isaac Asimov ro

51、bots, to the swashbuckling novels of Thomas B. Costain and to a whole host of_6_of the mind. I found a paradise(乐园) of silence where I could_7_my inner self and find the treasures of other worlds._8_， after watching the current generation of teens_9_in the troubled waters of technology, I had little

52、 confidence in the_10_of the book. I felt sure that the physical object would be a thing of the past which the Twitter(推特) world had already_11_， limiting the imagination of this_12_to the few characters that they could_13_in the shortest period.But on a Saturday in August, I was shocked into the_14

53、_that my fears might be unnecessary.Stony Brook University_15_a competition for teens representing local public libraries. The participation of my granddaughter, Kayla, brought it to my_16_In the Student Activities Center, hundreds of young people came in character costumes，_17_ready to respond to a

54、 multitude of questions about books they had read. They had spent the summer in_18_Imagine, an entire summer reading when they could have lazed with their smartphones and followed the president into the Twitter universe._19_， they followed their imaginations and_20_themselves to the books. Perhaps t

55、here is hope for the word.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”与阅读之间的故事以及“我”对阅读的态度的转变。1A.startBreleaseCreply DwarningB解析：根据上文中的“Because of the Sabbath on Friday”可知，周五是安息日，故此处表示我们放学很早。release“释放”。2A.found BimaginedCamused DnoticedA解析：根据上文中的“Most of the students would go to local parks to play basketball or basebal

56、l.”并结合语境可知，大多数同学会去当地公园打篮球或棒球，而“我”总是发现(found)自己在一个小公共图书馆里。3A.dreaming BdiscussingCreading DstrugglingC解析：根据上文中的“in a small public library”可知，“我”在一个小公共图书馆里，故此处为在太阳下山之前阅读(reading)几个小时。4A.book BquietCguide DlightB解析：根据下文中的“my inner self and find the treasures of other worlds”可知，“我”可以在图书馆里探索内在自我，找到其他世界的珍

57、宝。所以此处表示在这个图书馆里有一种安静(quiet)，它能带“我”到“我”认为“我”永远见不到的世界。下文中的“a paradise(乐园) of silence”也是提示。5A.introduced BboundCpersuaded DforcedA解析：根据语境可知，此处为“我”认识了(introduced)很多书中的人物。bind“迫使，约束”；persuade“说服，劝服”；force“逼迫”。6A.fights BanalysesCimages DadventuresD解析：根据语境可知，此处指给“我”带来了精神上的冒险(adventures)。fight“打架”；analysis

58、“分析”；image“形象”。7A.lose BexploreCignore DdesertB解析：根据语境可知，在这片安静的乐园里，“我”可以探索(explore)内在自我，找到其他世界的珍宝。lose“遗失”；ignore“忽视”；desert“抛弃”。8A.However BMoreoverCTherefore DFurthermoreA解析：根据下文的描述可知上下文存在转折关系，故选However“然而”。moreover“此外”；therefore“因此”；furthermore“更有甚者”。9A.ruined BdrawnCstuck DabusedC解析：根据“the troub

59、led waters of technology”可知，此处表示如今陷入技术混乱的一代青少年。stick“被难住”。ruin“毁坏”；draw“引起”；abuse“滥用”。10A.publication BsurvivalCsubstitute DcontentB解析：根据下文中的“I felt sure that the physical object would be a thing of the past”可知，“我”感觉这个现实存在的物品(书)将会成为过去，故此处为“我”对书的存活(survival)抱有很少的信心。publication“出版”；substitute“代替物”；con

60、tent“内容”。11A.destroyed BreachedCattracted DovertakenD解析：根据语境可知，此处表示推特世界已经超越了(overtaken)这个现实存在的物品。destroy“摧毁”；reach“到达”；attract“吸引”。12A.librarian BgenerationCuniversity DneighborhoodB解析：根据上文中的“after watching the current generation of teens”可知，此处指把这一代(generation)青少年的想象力限制在少数几个人物身上。librarian“图书馆管理员”；un

61、iversity“大学”；neighborhood“邻居”。13A.consume BplayCrecognize DdefeatA解析：此处表示这一代青少年关于这几个人物的想象力可以在最短的时间内消耗掉(consume)。play“游戏；扮演”；recognize“认出”；defeat“打败”。14A.hope BpromiseCawareness DinspirationC解析：根据上文中的“But on a Saturday in August”及下文中的“Stony Brook University_a competition for teens representing local

62、public libraries.”的描述可知，此处为“我”震惊地意识(awareness)到“我”的恐惧可能是不必要的。hope“希望”；promise“许诺”；inspiration“灵感”。15A.proposed BabandonedCdelayed DhostedD解析：此处表示Stony Brook大学为代表当地公共图书馆的青少年举办了(hosted)一场比赛。propose“提议”；abandon“抛弃”；delay“延误”。16A.attention BmemoryChome DchildhoodA解析：此处表示“我”的孙女Kayla的参与引起了“我”的注意(attention

63、)。bring.to ones attention“引起某人的注意”。17A.hopefully BenthusiasticallyCnever DphysicallyB解析：根据上文可知，成百上千的学生来参加比赛，所以空处表示他们热情地(enthusiastically)准备回答与他们所读的书相关的问题。18A.advance BvainCpreparation DpresentationC解析：根据上文中的“respond to a multitude of questions about books they had read”及下文中的“an entire summer reading

64、”可知，此处为他们用暑假的时间进行准备(preparation)。19A.Instead BSomehowCAnyhow DUnfortunatelyA解析：上文提到想象一下，他们整个夏天都在阅读，他们本可以懒散地玩智能手机，这与下文中的“他们跟随了他们的想象”形成转折，故选Instead“相反”。somehow“用某种方法，不知怎的”；anyhow“尽管如此，至少”；unfortunately“不幸地”。20A.delivered BbetrayedCdevoted DleftC解析：上文提到，他们整个夏天都在阅读，所以选C。devote“献身，致力，倾注”。deliver“传送”；betr

65、ay“背叛”；leave“留下”。 语法填空Way back in 1674，a frog helped Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery.Antonie was an amateur scientist from Holland，so fascinated by microscopes 1._hed built some of his own.One rainy day，as he went for a walk，a leaping frog 2._(draw) his attention to a puddle.Ant

66、onie collected a drop of puddle water and put it 3._his microscope.He was amazed 4._(see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one droptiny beings no one had ever seen before.These tiny beings，called microbes，are everywhere：in dirt，in food and on your kitchen table.People 5._(cover) in th

67、em，too.6._you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body，you would find your body has more microbes than the world has peopleover 6 billion!Microbes cant survive on 7._(they) own.They need food.After 8._(settle) into a homeyou，for instancethey steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave

68、 behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins.Some microbes can make you sick.People usually call these ones germs.9._(lucky) for you，there are more 10._(help) microbes，working together to keep you healthy，than bad ones.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物引出话题，指出微生物无处不在，但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。1that解析：

69、考查连词。安东尼是一个来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了几个。根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。2drew解析：考查动词时态。在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一个跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。根据One rainy day可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填drew。3under解析：考查介词。安东尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下。根据常识可知 ，要把物体放到显微镜下面观察，故应用介词under“在下面”。4to see解析：考查不定式。他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。be amazed to do sth.为固定用法，意为“吃惊地做某事”。5a

70、re covered解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句中的cover和主语People是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are covered。6If解析：考查连词。如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物，你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物超过60亿！根据语境可知，本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。7their解析：考查代词。on ones own为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。8settling解析：考查动名词。在宿主比如你体内定居后，它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质，留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词After后要用动名词形式，故本空应填settling。9Luckily解析：考查副词。对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。10helpful解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes，故应填形容词helpful。