2022高考人教版英语一轮复习训练：必修④ UNIT 1 单元主题语篇 WORD版含解析.doc

1、必修 Unit 1 单元主题语篇训练AWhere some people see creepy (令人毛骨悚然的) insects, Jennifer Angus sees beauty: Rather than rely simply on paints and dyes, the 55yearold professor of textile (纺织品) design creates patterns from thousands of lively insects.As a kid, Angus had a penchant for patterns, but she didnt deve

2、lop an interest in insects until her late 20s, when she was researching textiles in Thailand and discovered a table cover.“The fringe (饰边) was made with metalliclooking green beetle (甲虫) wings，” says Angus.“Id never seen beautiful insects maybe because I grew up in Canada, where all the insects were

3、 brown or black. I realized I could take insects and turn them into patterns.”Anguss insects arent backyard ones. Most come from countries like Peru, Malaysia and Indonesia.“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered by local people，” says Angus. And she refuses to work with endan

4、gered species：“If an insect seems hard to find, I wont use it.”Since 2002, Angus has created sitespecific works of art at galleries and museums around the world like her latest piece at the Smithsonians Renwick Gallery in Washington，D.C. “My collection is very fragile，” says Angus. “Ive been refusin

5、g some insects for more than 15 years, so I drive it everywhere myself. That means working out exactly how many insects Ill use. I cant get to a gallery and go, I need another 500 cicadas！”Angus hopes to inspire a sense of wonder and appreciation in her viewers.“If people leave one of my shows think

6、ing about insects in a new way one that doesnt involve a fly killer thats a success，” she says.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了以昆虫为创作材料的艺术家Jennifer Angus。1What does the underlined part “had a penchant for” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AHad respect for.BHad a liking for.CWas frightened of. DWas confused about. 解析

7、：选B词义猜测题。根据上文“the 55yearold professor of textile (纺织品) design”和后面的“researching textiles” 可知，Angus 从小就对设计各类图案感兴趣。2What kind of insects does Angus use in her patterns?ARare ones. BWinged ones.CCommon ones. DBackyard ones.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I always try to use insects that have been farmed or gathered

8、by local people”和“If an insect seems hard to find, I wont use it.”可以推知，Angus用的是普通的昆虫。3What can be learned about Anguss works of art?AThey can be seen around the world.BThey sometimes take over 10 years to finish.CThey are mostly created at Anguss own house.DThey are mostly in the Smithsonians Renwic

9、k Gallery.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Angus has created sitespecific works of art at galleries and museums around the world”可知，Angus的作品在世界各地都可以看到。4What are Anguss hopes for her works of art?AThey will win her more followers.BThey will bring her a sense of success.CThey will inspire more research on insects.D

10、They will raise public awareness about the protection of insects. 解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可以推知，Angus希望自己的作品能够提高公众对昆虫的保护意识。BIn most circles, a collection of algae specimens (海藻标本) wouldnt cause much excitement, but for botanist (a scientist who studies plants) Anna Atkins, born on March 16, 1799, the aqu

11、atic plant life helped to solidify her place in history.Atkins had an unusual upbringing for a woman of her time. In the footsteps of her zoologist father, she developed a love for botany and botanical illustration (插图)Her early paintings of shells, for example, can be found accompanying work by her

12、 father.But it wasnt until she studied under two pioneers of the thennew field of photography, that her career took off.In 1825, Anna married a merchant, John Pelly Atkins, who happened to be a friend of photographer William Henry Fox Talbot.Atkins would study directly under Talbot and was said to h

13、ave had access to a camera as early as 1841.Because of this, some have declared Atkins, one of the few women in photography during that century, the firstever female photographer, though Talbots wife Constance is thought to possibly hold the title.In 1842, another friend of the Atkins family, Sir Jo

14、hn Herschel, invented a photographic process called the “cyanotype，” which didnt involve a camera at all.Atkins quickly learned the process, in which lightsensitive chemicals are used to produce a brilliant, dark greenishblue print.In 1843 she used the process to create an album of algae specimens a

15、nd the next year she privately published a book illustrated with photographs.Only 13 copies are known to exist, in various states of completeness.Despite the undeniable (不可否认的) beauty of cyanotype prints, scientists like Atkins werent so much interested in photography as an art form. Instead, they u

16、sed photography for scientific purposes, replacing the watercolors and woodcuts used as illustrative mediums at the time.The cyanotype process was also used to create copies of architectural plans, and these copies were called blueprints.Even though the process is no longer used, any construction do

17、cument or detailed plan is still referred to as a blueprint.Atkins and her husband had no children together.She died in 1871 at the age of 72.We can only imagine what she would think of how drastically the realms (领域) of science and photography have expanded since then.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在早期摄影史上留下了光

18、辉印记的英国女植物学家安娜阿特金斯。5Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AThe first camera was invented in 1841.BAnna Atkins father had a great love for drawing.CPhotography was something new in the early 19th century.DFew females chose science as a career in Anna Atkins time.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“t

19、he thennew field of photography”可知，在安娜阿特金斯生活的年代摄影还是新兴领域。6What can be learned about Anna Atkins?AHer 13 books with photographs are in good condition.BHer husband had a big influence on her choice of career.CShe was noted for her combining photography and science.DShe was officially regarded as the fi

20、rst female photographer.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，安娜阿特金斯学习摄影后使用朋友新发明的氰版照相法记录植物的标本，出版了作品集不列颠藻类，再结合第一段中的“the aquatic plant life helped to solidify her place in history”可知，安娜阿特金斯因将摄影技术应用于科学研究成果而颇负盛名。7What do we know about the cyanotype?AIt was the brainchild of Talbot.BIt is a simple but highcost techniqu

21、e.CIt is still employed by contemporary architects.DIt enables people to produce images without a camera.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which didnt involve a camera at all”可知，该摄影技术不用照相机就能产生影像。8What is the text mainly about?AA photographic invention.BThe history of photography.CThe effect of photography on scien

22、ce.DA great female botanist and photographer.解析：选D主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，文章以时间为线索介绍了英国女植物学家安娜阿特金斯的生平以及在科学和摄影领域的成就。故D项可以恰当地概括文章主旨。CDont get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying.He simply may not be able to resist.A University of Iowa(UI) study found teenagers are fa

23、r more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the longterm pay off of studying.“For the teenager, the rewards are attractive，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya, an

24、 author of the study.“They draw adolescent.Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.Even when a behavior is no longer in a teenagers best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.”For parents,

25、 that means limiting distraction (分心的事情) so teenagers can make better choices.Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 pm., shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facehook or Twitter, the researchers advise. “Im not saying they shouldnt be allowed access to technology，”

26、Vaidya says. “But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them so they can develop those impulsecontrol skills.”In their study，Vaidya and coauthor Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because

27、 the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higherlevel reasoning.“We wanted to try to understand the brains reward system how it change from childho

28、od to adulthood.” Says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decisionmaking.“Weve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescence behavior than an underdeveloped frontal lobe，” he adds.For their study, the researc

29、hers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.In the future, researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological (神经学上的) aspects of their results.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年来说总是充满吸引力。9What does the passage mainly tell us?AT

30、he initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the longterm pay off of studying.BAlways, rewards are attractive to teenagers.CResistance can be controlled well by adolescents.DGetting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“. teenagers are f

31、ar more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors.”可知，本文介绍了青少年对即时效应和奖励比成人更敏感，所以奖励对青少年总是很有吸引力，故B项正确。10Which statement agrees with Vaidyas idea?AThe influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.BParents should help children in making decisions.CChildren should have a

32、ccess to the Internet.DChildren need help in refocusing their attention.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Vaidya认为帮助孩子们集中注意力是必要的，这样他们就能发展出控制冲动的技能，故D项正确。11What result does teenagers brain underdevelopment lead to?ADoing things after some thought.BMaking good decisions.CJoining in dangerous actions.DEscaping ris

33、ky behavior.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In their study . teenagers are impulsive (冲动的), make bad decisions, and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes (额叶) of their trains are not fully developed.”可知，大脑前庭发育不良会导致青少年冲动、做错误的决定和参与危险的行为，故C项正确。12How did the researchers carry out their study?ABy making

34、a comparison of brain examinations.BBy examining adults brain.CBy examining teenage brain.DBy building the trains reward system.解析：选A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For their study，the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents，aged 13 and 16，and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”可知，研究人员是通过对比40名青少年和40名成人的检查结果而展开研

35、究的，故A项正确。tips “四步法”巧解推理判断题(1)浏览试题，明确要求。在阅读文章前，最好先浏览一下文章后面的题干和选项，带着问题阅读文章，便于阅读时留意文中出现的与选项有关的信息。(2)通读全文，抓住主要内容。抓住中心思想和段落大意，注意文章的第一段或每段开头的前两个句子，这些地方往往包含着文章/段落的中心思想、作者的意图或是全文/段落的概述。(3)进行合理的推理判断。根据句型、语法、句子之间的逻辑关系、文化背景等对上下文之间的关系进行推理判断。(4)认真复读，验证答案。用全文的中心思想统领各个题目，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，确保理解无误。例如上文第12题，根据题干中的“carry out their study”定位倒数第二段最后一句“For their study, the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16, and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.”，在此基础上进行适度、合理推测可知，“让这些不同年龄段的人参与是为了作比较”。6