2022高考英语话题复习一轮主题训练(二十) 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全 WORD版含解析.doc
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1、主题训练(二十)科技发展与信息技术创新,科学精神,信息安全大阅读提升阅读速度内化读文规律(满分70分,限时55分钟).阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)AVehicles often come into conflict with other vehicles and pedestrians when their intended courses of travel intersect (交叉), and end up being in each others way. The general principle that establishes who has the right
2、 to go first is called “right of way”, or “priority”. It determines who has the right to use the conflicting part of the road and who has to wait. Signs, signals, markings and other features are often used to make priority clear.A driver must yield (让行) the right of way to other drivers:When approac
3、hing a YIELD sign. Slow down or stop to avoid a crash.Even after the light turns green when there are vehicles in the intersection.When approaching emergency vehicles using sounding or flashing sirens.After coming to a complete stop at an intersection where there is a stop sign or a flashing red sig
4、nal. If there is no stop line, stop before the crosswalk.When making a left turn on a red light after a stop from a oneway street to another oneway street with traffic moving to the left. (See Figure A)When two vehicles on different roadways arrive at a fourway stop intersection at the same time, th
5、e vehicle should yield to the vehicle on its right. (See Figure B)When coming out of an alley, building, private road or driveway after coming to a complete stop. (See Figure C)When crossing traffic at the end of a “T” road with no traffic control signs or signals. (See Figure D)1Whats the purpose o
6、f the text?ATo explain the law of right of way.BTo illustrate traffic signs and signals.CTo inform drivers of general traffic rules.DTo introduce traffic rules to pedestrians.解析:选A写作意图题。通读全文可知,为了避免车辆之间的冲突,本文主要介绍了几种情况下优先通行权的归属方。故选A项。2Which is the right behavior according to the text?ADrive on once th
7、e light turns green.BKeep driving if there is no stop line.CYield to emergency vehicles at any time.DSlow down when approaching a YIELD sign.解析:选D细节理解题。根据A driver must yield (让行) the right of way to other drivers:中的第一种情况“When approaching a YIELD sign. Slow down or stop to avoid a crash”可知,当接近一个让行标志时
8、应减速或停车来避免撞车。故选D项。3Which of the following description is TRUE according to the figures?AFigure A:B should yield to A.BFigure B:A should yield to B.CFigure C:A should yield to B.DFigure D:A should yield to B.解析:选B细节理解题。根据文中的“When two vehicles on different roadways arrive at a fourway stop intersection
9、 at the same time, the vehicle should yield to the vehicle on its right. (See Figure B)”可知,当两辆在不同车道的车辆同时到达四岔路口时,车辆应让行右侧车辆。故Figure B中A应该让行B。故选B项。BWhat do you do when nobody is around to take your picture? You take a selfie (自拍照). But what about selfies in space? On Twitter last year, NASA astronaut E
10、dwin “Buzz” Aldrin, who famously became the second man to walk on the moon in July 1969, laid claim to a spaceflight first: taking the first selfie in space during the Gemini mission in 1966.“For me, it needs to be digital to be a selfie,” argues Jennifer Levasseur, who is in charge of the Smithsoni
11、an National Air and Space Museum. According to Levasseur, the concept of a selfie is directly linked to Internet culture and the human desire to interact (互动) on social platforms. “The thing that makes a selfie is sharing it,” she says.Still, astronauts have been carrying cameras aboard space vehicl
12、es since the 1960s, and theyve taken plenty of pictures of themselves along the way. Astronauts had to pull the film magazines out and leave their cameras behind when they returned to Earth, because early space missions were restricted by a conservative weight limit on the return trip.A big change i
13、n space camera technology came after the sad loss of the space shuttle Columbia, which broke apart on its return to Earth in 2003. “Fearing that they would never be able to bring the film back from space and lose all that hard work accelerated the push for digital,” Levasseur says.Today, astronauts
14、can have access to the Internet and social platforms in space and post true space selfies taken by digital cameras. Taking selfies and sharing them on social media is a way that astronauts in space can participate in the same activities people on Earth do every day. The first astronaut selfie that w
15、ent viral (疯狂传播) on the Internet was one by Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide in 2012.4What does Levasseur think of Aldrins claim?AIt hardly makes any sense.BIt revolutionizes astronautics.CIt contradicts public opinions.DIt needs to be further proved.解析:选A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Edwin Buzz Aldrin . laid cla
16、im to a spaceflight first: taking the first selfie in space”以及第二段内容可知,Aldrin声称自己是太空自拍第一人,但是Levasseur认为数码自拍照才算自拍照,自拍照最重要的就是能分享到网上。由此可推知,Levasseur认为Aldrin的话说不通。5Why were cameras left in space on early space missions?ATo lighten the load of the spaceship.BTo test cameras under extreme conditions.CTo pr
17、epare for the next stage of space exploration.DTo take more pictures in space by remote control.解析:选A细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,宇航员返回地球时要把相机丢下,因为早期的太空任务在返回时有重量限制。6What advanced space camera technology?AThe invention of new films.BThe fear of falling behind in the space race.CThe concern about the loss of val
18、uable data.DThe popularity of space selfies on social media.解析:选C细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机失事使人们开始担忧无法把胶卷带回地球,这样所有的努力就都白费了,由此加快了在太空探索时使用数码相机的步伐。7What is the best title for the text?AThe Exploration of SpaceBThe History of Selfies in SpaceCThe Change in Space Camera TechnologyDThe Development in Spa
19、ce Technology解析:选B标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了在太空中自拍的历史。文中多次出现了selfie,space等关键词。C(2021长沙模拟)Two deer jumped out in front of 16yearold Amanda Floyds car. She put on the brake, stopping the car just in time. But later, she started texting. Distracted, Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car
20、. Luckily, she wasnt in a real car she was in a driving simulator (模拟器) at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US. “I never really realized that cars make a turn that much,” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she wouldnt text while driving anymore.The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Ohio S
21、tate Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 3,450 lives in 2016 alone. Exper
22、ts believe the actual figure is probably higher.The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel (方向盘), brake and gas pedal (油门). It is made up
23、of three large computer screens on a table.Students choose a distraction, such as driving while drunk or texting. They always crash, of course. Then, they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving: how much damage theyve caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in
24、 the accident, and if theyre going to go to prison.“It teaches how to drive without being on the road,” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching the
25、ir classmates.“Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously,” he said. “Put away your cellphone. A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It can not only change your life, but change someone elses life forever. The results are serious.”语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一个
26、驾驶模拟器,学生通过操作这个驾驶模拟器可以增强交通安全意识。8What does the author intend to do in Paragraph One?AIntroduce the topic of the text.BIllustrate the authors point of view.CProvide some advice for the readers.DOffer some background information.解析:选A推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第一段讲述了一个事例,然后通过这个事例引出了本文的话题,即driving simulator。由此可推知,作者
27、写第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。9Why is the driving simulator project introduced to Roosevelt High School?AIt tests the students ability to stay focused.BIt gets students to have fun between classes.CIt teaches students how to deal with traffic accidents.DIt makes students aware of the dangers of distracted driving
28、.解析:选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone”可知,他们想要帮助学生们了解驾车时醉酒、发短信或者打电话的危害,故选D。10What can we know about the driving simulator?AIt is connected to the local police station.BIt is a real car but has large c
29、omputer screens.CIt attracts the students interest as a computer program.DIt benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.解析:选C细节理解题。根据第四段的描述,尤其是“The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students”可知,这个驾驶模拟器实质上是一个电脑程序,和许多电脑游戏一样,
30、它很受学生们的欢迎,引起了学生们的兴趣,故选C。11What is the main idea of the passage?ATraffic rules in Ohio, US.BDangers of distracted driving.CSimulated driving for students.DAdvantages of computer games.解析:选C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器,学生通过操作它可以增强交通安全意识,故选C。DIn a world where nearly 6 million fingerprint records of gove
31、rnment employees are stolen in one computer hack (非法侵入), and here millions of people are victims of identity theft every year, the next step in cyber security may well be mapping your brain.Researchers at Binghamton University, State University of New York are working on a biometric (生物特征识别的) system
32、 that records how your brain reacts to certain images. With a little more polishing, the scientists brainchild could become the way you get into a safe deposit box, your office or past scanners at the airport. It could replace the password for your online banking, your email or your social media acc
33、ounts.They started their project by measuring the brain waves of 30 subjects. The subjects were fitted with a cap that had 30 electrodes (电极) attached to it, and then shown various images and symbols celebrity faces, words, pictures of food on a computer screen in 200millisecond bursts. The brains r
34、eaction was recorded.The idea is that every time a person needs to use a “password”, he or she goes through the same procedure, and the results are matched with their firsttime reaction. If the “brainprint” is compromised like what happened with the fingerprint records then the system is merely rese
35、t by running another set of images and collecting a different set of brain waves. “Even if that was stolen, you could just cancel it and record one to something else”, says professor Laszlo.Laszlo and her team have shown that their system can be 100 percent accurate. So one of the more difficult par
36、ts of making the system practical already has been overcome. Now, theyre spending much time recording accurate brainprints with as few as three electrodes, which could make recording in the future as easy as wearing a pair of special glasses. Theyre also working with cheaper materials and different
37、methods to see if they can bring the cost down.语篇解读:本文是一篇科普说明文。网络安全越来越重要,科学家也在研究新的网络安全密码。来自纽约宾汉姆顿大学的研究人员发现了一种脑部扫描系统脑印。12What does the underlined word “brainchild” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe brain function.BThe fingerprint record.CThe biometric system.DThe online password.解析:选C词义猜测题。根据画线词的上下文可知,此处指
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
