2018版高考英语（全国用）大一轮复习导学案（文档）BOOK8 UNIT2 .docx

1、话题词汇1invention n发明2progress n进步3digital adj.数字的4breakthrough n突破5technical adj.技术的6automatic adj.自动的7make a study of研究8shop online网上购物9surf the Internet网上冲浪10browse the web page浏览网页话题佳作目前，科技的发展如此之快已超出了我们的想象，克隆技术成为世界上最先进的技术之一。针对这一技术，有人支持，有人反对。假设你是李华，你的笔友Mike来信询问你对克隆的看法，请根据下面的表格，给他写一封回信。支持反对你的看法？1.制造器

2、官挽救生命(如：治愈癌症)；2.帮助不能生育的人拥有孩子；3.帮助想克隆自己去世的亲人的人。1.对人生命不尊重，生命将不再唯一；2.在动物界创造出更多的疾病；3.使地球人口激增。佳作欣赏Dear Mike，Glad to receive your letter.Cloning is one of the most advanced technologies.But different people have different opinions.Some people are in favor of it，thinking the technology is beneficial.Firstl

3、y，it can be used to produce organs to cure diseases like cancer.Secondly，it can help those who cant have a baby but want one.Besides，it can help those wanting to clone their dead relatives.However，a few people object to it.They believe cloning shows no respect for human life，and human life would no

4、longer be unique.More seriously，it would create more diseases in the animal world and cause Earths population to increase fast.In my opinion，although the technique is of benefit，cloning humans should be cautious.Yours，Li Hua名师点睛本文第一段提出话题，第二段说明克隆的优点，第三段是克隆的缺点，第四段是表述作者自己的观点。中间两段要点齐全，表达清晰明确，使用短语、句型准确。最

5、后一段是作者自己的观点，观点明确，不含糊，给出了自己的令人信服的理由。文章中使用了现在分词作状语和定语、定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等复杂句式。文中一些高级词汇也给短文增加了不少亮点，如：in favor of，beneficial，object to，show no respect for，be of benefit等。同时，firstly，secondly，besides等的使用使作者在列举观点时条理清晰，自然流畅。A写作必记单词1differ vi.不同；相异(1)The story he told the police differed from(和不同) the one he tol

6、d his mother.(2)They differ in size but not in kind.这些东西的区别只是大小不同而实质一样。2exact adj.精确的；准确的(1)not exactly不确切；不完全；不全对；(口语)决不(2)Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.科学家们仍然不是很清楚基因是怎样影响衰老的，但他们相信基因确实对衰老有影响。(2016四川)3object vi.反对；不赞成(1)objection n不赞成；反

7、对；异议(2)object to反对(3)He has a strong objection to leaving early.他极力反对早动身。4obtain vt.获得；赢得5owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于(1)owe.to.欠；把归功于owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉(2)The harbour survived the storm owing to the arms of the bay.由于海湾的保护，海港躲过了暴风雨。(3)He helped you a lot.You owe it to him to invite him to dinner.(填代词

8、)6retire vi.退休；离开(1)retirement n退休；离开(2)Leroy Chiao,54，an American retired(retire) astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.(2015湖北)7bother vt.打扰；vi.操心；n.烦扰(1)bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人have much bother (in)doing sth.费劲/麻烦做某事(2)Dont bother to

9、 get/getting(get) dinner for me.用法点拨表示“费心做某事”，其后可接不定式或动名词作宾语。有时还可在bother后加反身代词。8strike vi.& vt.打；撞击；罢工；n.罢工(1)Struck(strike) by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit，they decided to visit the small old town again.(2)It strikes me that you are not serious about it.(填代词)(3)Staff at the h

10、ospital went on strike(举行罢工) in protest at the incidents.(4)A good idea struck me yesterday.(同义句转换)I struck on a good idea yesterday.9resist vt.抵抗；对抗(1)The child resisted being carried(carry) off.(2)There is still much resistance to carrying out this plan.(填介词)10reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的(1)reason

11、 sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事(2)The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.(填连接词)(3)This is the reason that he gave me for being late.(填连接词)B阅读识记单词11undertake vt.着手；从事；承担undertake to do.答应做12breakthrough n突破13procedure n程序；步骤；手续process n过程；进行；方法；步骤；程序；vt.加工；处理14altogether adv.总共；完全地15co

12、nservative adj.保守的；守旧的16forbid vt.禁止；不准My father forbade me to watch TV.(同义句转换)My father forbade my watching TV.My father forbade me from watching TV.17accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积accumulation n积累；累积；堆积物18compulsory adj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的19assumption n假定；设想(1)Assuming(assume) that it is true，what should w

13、e do now?(2)It is generally assumed(普遍认为) that stress is caused by too much work.(3)The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding.这一计划是以经济发展的设想为依据的。用法点拨assuming conj.假如，假设，引导条件状语从句。20regulation n规则；规章；法规regular adj.有规律的；规则的；定期的；经常的21initial adj.最初的；开始的initially adv.开始；最

14、初22vain adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的in vain白费力气；枉费心机23drawback n缺点；不利条件24decoration n装饰decorate v装饰25adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱He adores going to parties.他喜欢参加各种聚会。用法点拨adore后接动词时用动名词形式。1pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 201

15、1.工作取得了成功，成年秃鹰的年死亡率从2000年的38%下降到2011年的5.4%。(2016北京)2cast down使失望；使沮丧She was much cast down at the moment.她当时非常沮丧。3in favour of赞成；支持in ones favour对某人有利do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙4(be) bound to (do).一定或注定(做)5strike.into ones heart使刻骨铭心6from time to time不时；偶尔7bring back to life使复生；使复活8in g

16、ood/poor condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)1It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝来培植新植物时，它(克隆)就发生了。2Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息多莉得了重病。3Could it be solved if corrections were made in their resear

17、ch procedure?如果改进研究程序，问题会不会解决呢？4However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.然而，科学家们仍然想知道克隆技术是会帮助我们还是伤害我们，以及它将把我们引向何处。5The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to r

18、esist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果产生一种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。.教材与语法填空Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of 1.another animal or plant.2.It has two major uses.One is that gardeners use it to produce commercial quantities of plants.The other is that it is 3.va

19、luable(value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.However，the process of cloning is difficult 4.to undertake(undertake)The first successful clone，Dolly the sheep,5.made(make) the whole scientific world follow its process，though it had 6.more(many) problems than the

20、normal sheep.But on the other hand，Dollys 7.appearance(appear) raised a storm of objections and had a great impact 8.on the media and public imagination.Different people have different opinions on it.9.However，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and 10.where it is leading us

21、.教材与短文改错The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals have always excited film makers.And they are not the only one.The popularity of the film Jurassic Park proves how interesting ordinary people are in the subject.It is a film in that a scientist clones several kind of extinct dinosaur

22、s.In fact，we are long way from being able to clone extinct animals.From time to time people suggested that the animals that have disappeared from the earth，can be brought back to the life through cloning.Unfortunately，based on what we know now，it is possible.So dinosaurs returned to the earth is mer

23、ely a dream.答案The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals always excited film makers.And they are not the only .The popularity of the film Jurassic Park proves how ordinary people are in the subject.It is a film in a scientist clones several of extinct dinosaurs.In fact，we are long wa

24、y from being able to clone extinct animals.From time to time people that the animals that have disappeared from the earth，can be brought back to the life through cloning.Unfortunately，based on what we know now，it is .So dinosaurs to the earth is merely a dream.教材与微写作写作素材(关于克隆)1现在许多国家研究克隆。2人们对克隆有不同的看

25、法。3有些人很沮丧，他们认为这在伦理上是不合理的，应该被禁止。4实际上许多国家从事克隆研究并且已经取得了重大的突破，所以我们无法抗拒它。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用because引导的原因状语从句，that引导的宾语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Nowadays many countries do research on cloning.Peoples ideas of cloning differ.Some feel cast down because they think that it is not morally reasonable and s

26、hould be forbidden.Actually many countries undertake the research on cloning and have obtained great breakthrough，and therefore we are unable to resist it.阅读理解A machine that takes sweatladen(浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden.The machine makes the clothes turn

27、 round quickly，heats them to remove the sweat，and then passes the steam through a kind of special material to make purified water.Since it has been brought into use，its creators say more than 1,000 people have drunk others “sweat” in Gothenburg.They add the liquid is cleaner than local tap water.The

28、 device was built for the United Nations childfocused charity UNICEF to promote a campaign highlighting the fact that 780 million people in the world lack access to clean water.The machine was designed and built by the engineer Andreas Hammar，known locally for his appearances on TV tech show “Mekatr

29、onik”He said the key part of the sweat machine was a new water purification part developed by a company named HVR.“It uses a technique called membrane distillation(膜蒸馏)，” he told the BBC.“We use a special kind of material that only lets steam through but keeps bacteria，salts，clothing fibers and othe

30、r things out.They have something similar to the International Space Station，but our machine is cheaper to build.The amount of water it produces depends on how sweaty the person is，but one persons Tshirt typically produces 10ml，about a mouthful.”The device has been put on show at the Gothia Cupthe wo

31、rlds largest international youth football tournament.Mattias Ronge，chief executive of Stockholmbased advertising agency Deportivo，said the machine had helped raise awareness for UNICEF，but in reality had its limitations.“People havent produced as much sweat as we hopedright now the weather in Gothen

32、burg is lousy，” Mattias Ronge said.“So weve equipped the machine with exercise bikes and volunteers are cycling like crazy.Even so，the demand for sweat is greater than the supply.And the machine will never be produced in large numbers，since there are better solutions out there such as water purifyin

33、g pills.”1Which of the following is the disadvantage of the sweat machine?AIt takes too long for the machine to produce water.BThe amount of water the machine produces is rather limited.CIt costs a large amount of money to build the machine.DThe water processed by the machine is not clean enough.答案B

34、解析细节理解题。由第五段最后一句“The amount of water it produces depends on.about a mouthful.”可知，这台机器的产水量太少了，故选B。2UNICEF is mentioned in the text to .Ashow how the sweat machine worksBexplain why the sweat machine was invented Cshow the importance of the United NationsDtell us who invented the sweat machine答案B解析细节理

35、解题。由第三段的内容可知，作者在文中之所以提到UNICEF是因为这台机器是为UNICEF所组织的一个活动而设计制造的，故选B。3What did Mattias Ronge think of the sweat machine?AIt could only be used in summer.BIt did not work at all.CIt was not worth popularizing.DThe water it produced tasted sweet.答案C解析推理判断题。由最后一段中Mattias Ronge所说的“the machine will never be pr

36、oduced in large numbers”可知，他认为这种机器不值得普及。故选C。4The text is written mainly to tell us that .Aa machine which turns sweat into drinking water is inventedB780 million people in the world lack access to clean waterCa better solution to purifying dirty water is discoveredDthe pill which turns dirty water i

37、nto clean water is produced答案A解析主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“A machine that takes sweatladen(浸满汗水的) clothes and turns the sweat into drinking water is in use in Sweden.”以及下文的描述可知，作者通过本文主要向我们介绍了一种能够将衣服上的汗液转化为饮用水的机器，故选A。.七选五(2017山西四校联考)Imagine going to bed not knowing where your next meal is going to come from. 1 To

38、day，nearly 11 percent of people on Earth suffer from hunger，according to a recent State of Food Insecurity in the World report published by the United Nations.But it turns out that this number is something to celebrate!Though the numbers look like a lot，the number of hungry people in the world has a

39、ctually decreased by about 209 million since 1992.This has been mainly due to the hard work of organizations such as the UN，the FAO and the WFP.According to the WFP，the world produces enough food to feed the entire population of 7 billion people. 2 There are many reasons why food does not go from th

40、e producers to the consumers.People living in poverty cannot afford nutritious foods.This makes them weaker and it is harder for them to earn money to escape from poverty and hunger. 3 An average person in the US spends just 6.6% of the income on food.Drought is one of the most common causes of food

41、 shortage in the world. 4 In many countries，climate change is worsening the situation.Conflicts around the world can disrupt farming and food production.Fighting forces millions of people to flee their homes.These people dont have the means to feed themselves. 5 Food that is wasted uses up precious

42、natural resources.AHow can we solve the problem?BEach nation has its own challenges.COnethird of all food produced is never consumed.DBut not everybody has access to food when they need it.EThat is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world.FNatural disasters such as flood and tropical storm

43、s can impact food output too.GDo you know in poor countries people spend over 80% of their earnings on food?1答案E解析根据上句：想象一下，临睡前不知道你的下一顿饭从哪里来。再根据下句：现在世界上11%的人遭受饥饿的痛苦。可知E.That is the fate of nearly 805 million people in the world.那就是世界上805 000 000人的命运。符合上下文的意思。2答案D解析根据上句：世界生产足够的粮食养活全部70亿人口。再根据下句：很多原因导

44、致了食物无法从生产者那里运到消费者手中。可知此空的意思是：还有很多人没有饭吃。此处表示转折，故选D。3答案G解析根据上句：他们很难赚钱摆脱贫困和饥饿。再根据下句：在美国，一个普通人仅花费收入的6.6%在食物上。可知G.Do you know in poor countries people spend over 80% of their earnings on food？你知道贫穷国家的人们要花费收入的80%在食物上吗？符合题意。4答案F解析根据上句：干旱是世界上最常见的食物短缺的原因之一。再根据下句：在很多国家，气候变化正在恶化局势。可知此空要表达的意思应该是：自然灾害也影响粮食的产量。故选

45、F。5答案C解析根据下句：浪费的食物消耗了宝贵的自然资源。可知上句的意思是：所有生产出来的食物中有三分之一从未被消费掉。故选C。.完形填空(2016浙江)During the war，my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be 1 him.I hated the place.I had never 2 been so unhappy.My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty，and I

46、 was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone.The heat was 3 almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌) 4 a soul to talk to.The wind blew nonstop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were 5 with sand，sand，sand!I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was 6 and comin

47、g back home.I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer.I 7 be in prison! My father answered my 8 with just two linestwo lines that will always sing in my 9 two lines that completely changed my life：Two men looked out from prison bars，One saw the mud，the other saw the stars.I read those two lines 10

48、 .I was ashamed of myself.I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 11 ；I would look for the stars.I made friends with the natives，and their 12 amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 13 to sell to tourists.I studied the delightful forms of the

49、cactus.I watched for the desert sunsets，and 14 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 15 .What brought about this 16 change in me? The desert hadnt changed， 17 I had.I had changed my 18 .And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experie

50、nce into the most amazing 19 of my life.I was excited by this new world that I had discovered.I had looked out of my selfcreated prison and 20 the stars.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的军营里，寂寞的生活和恶劣的生存环境让作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给她的信中就两行字，就是这两行字使作者改变了生活态度，学会了在逆境中享受生活。1A.off BbehindCnear Dbeyond答案C解析根据

51、空格前的went to live there可以看出，作者到那里住的目的是希望离丈夫近(near)一些。off离开；behind在后面；near在附近；beyond超出，远于。2A.before BalreadyCthen Dstill答案A解析根据上文使用的过去时及第二段第三句“I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer.”可知，作者在此之前(before)从未那么不快乐过。before在之前；already已经；then然后，那么；still仍然。3A.inflexible Bincomprehensible Cuncontrollable Du

52、nbearable答案D解析由破折号后的“.almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)”可知，即便是在仙人掌的阴凉里，这种炎热也是让人无法忍受的(unbearable)。inflexible缺乏弹性的，不可改变的；incomprehensible难懂的，不可理解的；uncontrollable控制不住的，无法管束的；unbearable无法忍受的，承受不住的。4A.Only BNotCMany DSuch答案B解析由该段内容可以看出，作者所居住的地方环境很恶劣，可推知空格处应该指这里没有(not)作者可以与之聊天的人。only仅仅，只有；not

53、没有；many许多；such那样的。5A.covered BfilledCburied Dcharged答案B解析be covered with用覆盖；be filled with充满；be buried with被掩埋；be charged with被指控犯(罪)。由该句语境可以看出，无论是作者吃的食物还是呼吸的空气，到处都充满了(were filled with)沙子。6A.catching up Bkeeping up Cgiving up Dgetting up答案C解析由后面的“I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer.”可以看出，由于居

54、住地恶劣的环境，作者打算放弃(give up)并准备回家。catch up赶上；keep up保持，维持；give up放弃；get up起床。7A.ought to Bmight well Cwould rather Dhad better答案C解析由该空所在句可知，作者在信中告诉父母，她一分钟也坚持不下去了，她宁愿(would rather)去蹲监狱。ought to应该；might well有可能；would rather宁愿；had better最好。8A.request BcallCquestion Dletter答案D解析由该段第一句中的“.I wrote to my parent

55、s.”可知，作者给自己的父母写了封信。request请求，要求；call通话，召唤；question问题；letter信。9A.comparison Bimagination Cconsideration Dmemory答案D解析由下文可以看出，作者父亲的这两行话彻底改变了作者对生活的态度，所以这两行话总是在她的记忆(memory)里唱响。comparison对比；imagination想象；consideration考虑，体贴；memory记忆。10A.over and over Bby and by Cup and down Dnow and then答案A解析由上下文语境可知，作者收到父

56、亲的信后反复(over and over)阅读，并为自己感到羞愧。over and over再三，反复；by and by不久，很快；up and down上上下下，来回；now and then不时，时常。11A.company Boccupation Csituation Drelationship答案C解析由上文可知，空格所在句表示作者下定决心找到自己目前处境(situation)的优势。company陪伴，公司；occupation工作，占用；situation处境，状况；relationship关系。12A.movement Breaction Cguidance Dpurpose答

57、案B解析由该段内容可知，作者与当地人交朋友，而他们把最喜欢的艺术品作为礼物送给作者。他们的反应(reaction)让作者感到吃惊。movement运动，活动；reaction反应；guidance指导；purpose目的。13A.refused BfailedCmanaged Dhappened答案A解析由上下文语境可知，当地人对作者做出的反应让作者感到吃惊，因为他们竟然舍得将拒绝(refuse)卖给游客的艺术品当作礼物送给作者。refuse拒绝；fail失败，不及格；manage管理；happen发生，碰巧。14A.asked BhuntedCwaited Dheaded答案B解析各选项均可

58、与空格后的for构成短语。ask for请求，要求；hunt for寻找；wait for等待；head for前往。由下文中的定语从句“.that had been left there millions of years ago.”可知，作者在沙漠里寻找(hunt for)几百万年前遗留下来的贝壳。15A.floor BsurfaceCrock Dlevel答案A解析由空格所在句“.when the sands of the desert had been an ocean .”可知，沙漠里的沙地曾经是海底(floor)。floor底部，地面；surface表面；rock岩石；level水

59、平。16A.shocking Bchallenging Cpuzzling Dastonishing答案D解析由上文可以看出，作者由最初的抱怨并打算放弃在沙漠中的生活，到后来接受自己的处境并学会欣赏生活中的美好可以看出，作者的变化是令人十分惊讶的(astonishing)。shocking骇人的；challenging具有挑战性的；puzzling令人感到迷惑的。17A.as BbutCfor Dor答案B解析由上文可以看出，沙漠没有改变，但(but)作者发生了变化。as表原因；but表转折；for表原因；or用以引出另一种可能性。18A.attitude BprincipleCidentit

60、y Dstandard答案A解析由上文可以看出，作者由最初的不快乐到后来学会享受沙漠生活，完全是因为自己对生活的态度发生了改变。attitude态度；principle原则；identity身份，一致；standard标准。19A.vacation BoperationCaffair Dadventure答案D解析所给选项中的adventure与该句中的experience相对应。vacation假期；operation操作，手术；affair事务，事件；adventure冒险，奇遇。20A.sought BcountedCfound Dreached答案C解析作者将自己从最初感受到沙漠之苦到

61、后来体验到沙漠生活的快乐的转变比喻为在自设的监狱里发现(find)了星星。seek寻找；count数数；find发现；reach到达。.词汇拓展1station vt.配置，安置；驻扎(1)Two guards were stationed at the top of the stairs.在楼梯口派了两名警卫。(2)He stationed himself at the only exit.他站立在唯一的出口处。用法点拨station用作动词时，是及物动词，后面应跟宾语。2in use在使用中bring/put.into use使用come into use开始被使用make use of利

62、用；使用3in large numbers大量地They catch fish that are found in large numbers，so there is little danger to the species.他们捕的是那些量大的鱼，所以对物种的伤害很小。4in the shade of在阴凉处put .in the shade使逊色；使相形见绌5watch for留意；期待；等候watch out for小心；提防watch over看管；守护.句式升级1People living in poverty cannot afford nutritious foods.This

63、makes them weaker and it is harder for them to earn money to escape from poverty and hunger. (改为含有定语从句的复合句)People living in poverty cannot afford nutritious foods，which makes them weaker and it is harder for them to earn money to escape from poverty and hunger.2Fighting forces millions of people to

64、flee their homes.(用被动语态改写)Millions of people are forced to flee their homes because of fighting.3Food that is wasted uses up precious natural resources.(改为简单句)Food wasted uses up precious natural resources.单句语法填空1Whether she is right or wrong，she will have my support.2Some news will excite their rea

65、ders instantly while others wont.(2015江苏)3The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on.(2015江苏)4According to the card，if you are unable to go(go)，you can contact Alices mother.(2015四

66、川)5“You are forbidden to say(say) one feels， or people think，” Lehanne told them.“Say I think， Think me”(2015全国)6When serious illness visits your household，its not just your daily routine and your assumptions(assume) about the future that are no longer familiar.(2015浙江)7So far the wellknown journali

67、st has accumulated(accumulate) more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.(2014湖北)8The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct(direct) the distribution of aid.9He may win the competition，in which case he is likely to get into the national team.10This phenomenon is likely not su

68、rprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating(eat) cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress.运用本单元所学短语完成下列片段People differ greatly in cloning technique.Some people are 11.in favour of(支持) its development，for they believe it will 12.be bound to(一定会) benefit us.On the contrary，others feel 1

69、3.cast down(沮丧) to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.In my opinion，cloning will 14.pay off(有所回报) sooner or later 15.on condition that(倘若) all undertake to use it properly.完成句子16现代科学对于吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.

70、17像黄色这样的暖色会使食物更加诱人，而冷色调使人饥饿感降低。(2015全国)Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.18在这个十字路口你向左或向右转弯都没有关系，因为两条路都通向公园。It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.19我从未想过你会成功地说服他改变主意。It never occurre

71、d to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.20这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。(2015湖北)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.阅读理解British scientists have done something that many people thought

72、was impossible：they created the first clone of an adult mammal(哺乳动物)The clone，named Dolly，is a sevenmonthold sheep，grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.What is a clone？A clone is a copya genetic copy.Genes are the instructions for life.They tell a cell what to do and how to do it.Genes make ea

73、ch individual plant or animal different and unique.But a clone has the same genes as the original organism(生物体)Cloning is not new.Plants have been cloned for centuries.New plants are often grown from cutting from another plant.Also，plants like pineapples，strawberries and carnations (康乃馨) are sometim

74、es cloned.One benefit of cloning is that we can make many copies of the best and healthiest plants.It has been much more difficult to clone animals.Frogs have been cloned，but they died as tadpoles，never living long enough to become adult frogs.Mice，sheep and cattle have been cloned from embryos(胚胎)B

75、ut Dolly is the first healthy clone of an adult mammal.How did they do it?(1)An unfertilized egg was taken from a sheep.(2)The egg nucleus(细胞核) was removed.(3)A cell was taken from the udder(乳房) of a pregnant(怀孕的) sheep.It was “starved”，so that it stopped growing.(4)The two cells were combined into

76、one and then implanted in a third sheep，where it grew normally.(5)The clone was born.It was genetically identical to the pregnant sheep in Step (3)This sounds much easier than it actually was.To end up with one clone，the scientists started with 277 udder cells.And they needed in a way to make the eg

77、g cell accept a new nucleus.They did that by starving the cell in Step (3)It may soon be possible to clone many types of animals.Will we also be able to clone human organs，or even whole human beings？We have only begun to think about the morality of cloning technology.Maybe the question to ask is not

78、 whether we can clone humans，but instead，should we clone humans?21Dolly is a sheep because she is grown from a cell of an adult female sheep.Athat has no fatherBthat has no motherCthat has no parentsDthat has no tail答案C解析推理判断题。从文中可以看出，多莉是从一只成年羊的细胞中克隆出来的，所以它没有父母，而是那只羊的一个翻版。22Tell which of the followi

79、ng statements is TRUE?AOnly plants can be cloned.BOnly strawberries and carnations can sometimes be cloned.CAnimals and plants have quite a long history of cloning.DGenes can tell a cell what to do and how to do it during cloning.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Genes are the instructions for life.They tell a cell

80、 what to do and how to do it.”可知D项正确。23From the fourth paragraph we can know that .Aa tadpole is the early stage of a grownup frogBa tadpole is a frog without a tailCa tadpole is a kind of animalDa tadpole is a clone of an adult mammal答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第四段第二句可知，人们曾经克隆过青蛙，但在蝌蚪阶段就死了，并没有进入成年青蛙阶段。因此我们可以判断，蝌

81、蚪是青蛙的早期形态，故A项“蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态”正确。24Which of the following statements about Dolly is TRUE according to the passage?ADolly is the first clone of an animal.BDolly is the first clone of an adult animal.CDolly is the first clone of a mammal.DDolly is the first clone of an adult mammal.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话“.

82、they created the first clone of an adult mammal(哺乳动物)”可知答案应为D项。.完形填空When you eat out in a restaurant，it is not unusual to hear people yelling，“Let me get this one！” Sometimes you can see them 25 or arm wrestling to fight for the 26 for paying the bill.These fights are often very loud and active.Each

83、 person 27 shows an honest desire to pick up the bill，and in the end，all the people at the table give the winner praise and 28 .In fact，figuring out who will get the bill is always a 29 for Chinese people at formal meals.Although the people who 30 the meal are very likely to pay the check，it is a 31

84、 practice to make an effort to pay the bill.But you will 32 them if you do end up actually collecting money.In recent years，going Dutch has been embraced by many young people. 33 ，older generations who fear “losing 34 ” still find it embarrassing and mean to calculate each persons 35 of the bill.But

85、 these days， 36 digital payment apps，splitting(分摊) the bill 37 is becoming widelyaccepted idea.Even people from 38 generations may want to do so.By scanning a code 39 paying their share via WeChat or Alipay on their phones in one easy click，Chinese are 40 it easy to relieve the embarrassment of figu

86、ring out each persons payment when they order a meal.This function has made going Dutch less 41 and more fun in China.“Many of us are never without our phones 42 they are convenient.And persontoperson mobile payment services are incredibly 43 to use and at the same time save the trouble of 44 change

87、，” said 18yearold Han Chen，a student from Senior High School.25A.talking BarguingCpushing Dcarrying答案C解析talk谈话；argue辩论；push推；carry搬运。有时候你会看到饭店里吃饭的人推搡着抢着付款。可知C项符合题意。26A.turn BprivilegeCorder Dright答案B解析turn转弯；privilege特权；order顺序；right权利。争取付款的特权。故选B。27A.involved BcalledCselected Dinvited答案A解析involve涉及

88、，使参与；call打电话；select挑选；invite邀请。此处是过去分词作后置定语，指涉及到的每个人。故选A。28A.courage BcommentCapology Dgratitude答案D解析courage勇气，胆量；comment评论；apology道歉；gratitude感激。所有吃饭的人都给获胜者以赞美和感激。故选D。29A.headache BtraditionCplan Dconflict答案A解析headache头疼；tradition传统；plan计划；conflict冲突。事实上，在中国吃饭时谁付款总是一件令人头疼的事。故选A。30A.eat BcookChost D

89、enjoy答案C解析eat吃；cook做饭；host做东；enjoy喜爱。尽管做东的人很可能付款。故选C。31A.unusual BstrangeCunexpected Dcommon答案D解析unusual不寻常的；strange奇怪的；unexpected未料到的；common共同的，普通的，常见的。这是一个惯例。故选D。32A.disappoint BfrustrateCembarrass Dinspire答案C解析disappoint使失望；frustrate挫败；embarrass使尴尬；inspire鼓舞，鼓励。实际上如果你真的以收集钱而结束的话，这将会使他们尴尬。故选C。33A.

90、However BThereforeCMoreover DBesides答案A解析however然而；therefore因此；moreover而且，此外；besides另外。最近几年，AA制已经为大多数年轻人所采纳。然而，害怕丢脸的更老的一代仍然认为计算每个人的付款是令人尴尬的和吝啬的。故选A。34A.promise BfaceCcredit Dmoney答案B解析promise许诺；face脸面；credit信用；money金钱。句意见上题。lose face丢脸，故选B。35A.task BpartCability Dshare答案D解析task任务；part部分；ability能力；sh

91、are份额。由此处指每个人该付的部分可知选D。36A.as well as Baccording toCthanks to Dapart from答案C解析as well as还，又；according to根据，按照；thanks to多亏，由于；apart from除之外。由于电子支付的应用，以电子形式分摊账单已成为被广泛接受的想法。故选C。37A.personally BelectronicallyCseparately Dimmediately答案B解析personally就个人而言；electronically电子地；separately分离地；immediately立刻，马上。句意

92、见上题。故选B。38A.younger BnewerColder Dlater答案C解析younger更年轻；newer更新的；older更老的；later更迟的。上文提到更老的一代认为AA制非常丢面子，而此处指甚至更老一代的人也想这样做。故选C。39A.and BbutCor Dfor答案A解析and和；but但是；or或者，否则；for因为。通过扫描一个密码来付款。可知此处是并列的递进关系，故选A。40A.hoping BfindingClooking Dmaking答案B解析hope希望；find找到；look看；make制造。中国人发现当他们点餐时用这种方法很容易缓解计算每个人付款的尴

93、尬。故选B。41A.sadness BexcitementCquarrel Dtrouble答案D解析sadness伤心；excitement兴奋；quarrel争吵；trouble麻烦。由空前的less和空后的and more fun及上文说吃饭时由谁付款是一件令人头疼的事，可知此处选D。42A.although BbecauseCif Dso答案B解析although尽管；because因为；if如果；so所以。我们中的很多人都离不开手机，因为它们很方便。故选B。43A.easy BexpensiveCdifficult Dcomplex答案A解析easy容易的；expensive昂贵的；

94、difficult困难的；complex复杂的。个人对个人的移动支付服务是非常容易使用的。故选A。44A.putting on Bsetting asideCproviding with Ddealing with答案D解析put on穿上；set aside储存，留在一边；provide with提供；deal with处理。同时节省处理零钱的麻烦。故选D。.短文改错(2017宁夏六盘山高级中学期中)Everyone has a dream and we are on the way to achieve it.As Senior 3 student，I hope to be admitte

95、d to an ideal university.In the past three years，I have done everything I can to equip myself with that I have learnt.Not only have I enjoy the pleasure of study but also I have got closer to my dream.Anxious and pressure did discourage from me at times.Besides，with the encouragement of my teachers

96、and classmates，I think I will make it.Im sure there has still a long way to go to achieve my dream.No matter how challenged it is，Ill make it come true.As a proverb said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”答案Everyone has a dream and we are on the way to it.As Senior 3 student，I hope to be admitte

97、d to an ideal university.In the past three years，I have done everything I can to equip myself with I have learnt.Not only have I the pleasure of study but also I have got closer to my dream. and pressure did discourage from me at times.，with the encouragement of my teachers and classmates，I think I will make it.Im sure there still a long way to go to achieve my dream.No matter how it is，Ill make it come true.As a proverb ，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”