2019-2020同步北师大英语选修八新突破讲义：UNIT 22 SECTION Ⅲ　READING（Ⅱ） （LESSON 2 .doc

1、Section Reading()(Lesson 2 & Lesson 3).匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.seizeAadj.巨大的()2.behalf Bn.尘土，灰尘()3.rough Cadj.在近海岸的()4.catastrophe Dvt.依法没收；夺取()5.meansEn.代表()6.shabbyFadj.艰难的()7.fleeGn.巨大的灾难()8.dustHn.方法()9.grandIv.逃走()10.offshoreJadj.破烂的答案15DEFGH610JIBAC.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思()1.Natural disasters and human activ

2、ities have resulted in the decline.()2.The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire.()3.We both thought that all in all it might not be a bad idea.()4.I didnt know that he was a cheat，or else I wouldnt have believed him.()5.Once an opportunity slips away, it has gone for good and eve

3、r.()6.Whos carried off the first prize in the contest?答案16CDFBAENature is turning on usThe last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale(规模), and experts are predicting far worse to come.Jin Li reports on our Earths changeable weather patterns.大自然对我们的报复最近几年里不乏大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾

4、难即将发生。金莉报道了关于地球多变天气的模式。助读讲解see某时/某地发生某种情况，经历，经受，常用物作主语，增添语言色彩。AIn the last decade, thunderstorms(雷雨), floods, earthquakes, typhoons(台风), volcanic eruptions, tsunamis(海啸) and forest fires have become increasingly common.There has been terrible flooding in Asia, Africa，America and Oceania.(1)_ Storms

5、have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US， and Central America.Reduced rainfall has affected large areas of Africa for years leaving irrigation(灌溉) canals dry and many other zones are becoming drier.(2)_ A number of nations have already been in armed

6、conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.A在过去的10年里，雷雨、洪水、地震、台风、火山爆发、海啸和森林火灾变得越来越频繁。亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过非常严重的洪涝灾害。(1)_不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲地区，与此同时各地的暴风雨灾害也越来越严重。多年来降雨量减少影响了非洲的大片地区，使得灌溉渠道干涸，而许多其他地方则变得更加干旱。(2)_已经有几个国家因为水的问题而动武，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。助读讲解此句是“wi

7、th宾语v.ing”的with复合结构。BVolcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been a threat in certain parts of the world.A volcanic eruption nearly wiped out the small island of Montserrat in 1997, and there have been serious earthquakes in many parts of Asia, Europe and South America.In the last three years

8、, Indonesia has had a rough time，suffering several killer quakes and it is still recovering from the Asian tsunami caused by an offshore earthquake on December 26th, 2004.The tsunami killed 132，000 Indonesians and another 100，000 people of other nationalities.This catastrophe is still very fresh in

9、the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami.B火山爆发和地震对世界上某些地区一直构成严重威胁。1997年的一次火山爆发几乎抹去了蒙特塞拉特这个小岛，而亚洲、欧洲和南美洲的许多地方都发生了大地震。在过去的三年里，印度尼西亚饱受自然灾害之苦，它遭受了几次致命的大地震，至今未能从2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤中恢复过来，那次海啸是由一次近海地震引起的。它使132 000个印度尼西亚人和100 000个其他不同国

10、籍的人丧生。在世界各地许多人的心目中，这场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。助读讲解suffering several killer quakes是现在分词短语作伴随状语。caused by.是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the Asian tsunami。who引导定语从句，修饰people。lost in the tsunami在句中作后置定语，修饰loved ones。CSo why is nature beginning to turn on us? (3)_ The population of the world is growing at the

11、 disturbing rate of 10，000 people an hour, nearly 90 million a year, with most of the growth in the developing world.People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct(建造) shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay(黏土) so

12、il.These homes, seldom made of bricks(砖), can easily fall down in earthquakes or slip(滑落) and slide(滑行) downhill in landslides(滑坡，山崩), especially in mountainous areas.(4)_ This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles, and the destruction of the

13、 worlds forests.As a result, a hotter ocean causes more powerful winds.Atlantic hurricanestheir howling winds with speeds of over 300 kilometres an hourare 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago.C那么，为什么大自然开始和我们过不去呢？(3)_世界人口正在以令人不安的每小时10 000人的速度增加，每年(增长)接近9 000万人，而大多数新增长的人口来自发展中国家。农业地区的人们因为无法谋生

14、而流向城市。他们在贫瘠的黏土土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。这些房屋很少是由砖块制成，很容易在地震中倒塌或者在山体滑坡时滑下山坡，特别是在山区。(4)_这主要是由工厂和汽车所排放的大量二氧化碳以及世界上的森林遭到破坏所引起的。结果，温度升高了的海洋产生更加猛烈的风。大西洋飓风它们咆哮的风速超过每小时300千米比30年前的强度增加了40%。助读讲解whatever引导名词性从句，作from 的宾语。DVolcanoes and earthquakes are even more dangerous than in the past as around half the worlds

15、population now lives in cities.There are more than 300 active volcanoes, about fifty of which erupt each year, and more than 500 million people now live within the range of a volcanic eruption.Because these natural disasters occur at random times, it is difficult to warn people in advance.In May 200

16、6, thousands of Indonesians living near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it was about to erupt.An even greater number of people live at risk，to some degree， from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.D因为现在世界上约一半的人口生活在

17、城市里，火山和地震带来的危害比过去更加严重。300多座活火山中大约有50座火山每年都要喷发，有5亿多人现在生活在火山喷发的范围之内。由于这些自然灾害不定时地发生，所以很难提前警告人们。2006年5月，成千上万的住在默拉皮火山(意思是火之山)附近的印度尼西亚人不得不逃离家园，因为他们认为火山要喷发了。从某种程度上来说，有更多的人生活在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间，地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。助读讲解as around half of the worlds population.是as引导的原因状语从句。within the range of在范围之内。to some degree在某种程

18、度上。EMost disaster experts believe there is the potential(可能性；潜在性) that things could get a lot worse.Professor Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do.The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Ind

19、onesia.Dust from the volcano rolled(移动，滚动) across the Earths skies and pretty much cancelled the following summer in Europe and America.(5)_“It reduced temperatures by maybe 6 in some places and the whole planet was sent into winter for years.And there are about two of these events every 100，000 yea

20、rs .”大多数研究灾难的专家认为情况可能变得更加糟糕。北京大学的火山专家侯明教授警告人们，自然对人类的最大灾难还没有降临。人类历史上最大的火山喷发可能要数1815年印度尼西亚坦博拉火山的爆发。来自火山的尘埃席卷了地球的上空，以至于第二年欧洲和美洲都没有了夏天。(5)_“它使某些地方的气温降低了大概6摄氏度，整个地球多年中都陷入冬季，而每隔10万年就有大约两次这样的事件”助读讲解there is the potential that.是固定句式，that引导从句作potential的同位语。第一步速读了解文章主题和段落大意速读P1011教材课文，匹配段落大意1Para.1 AOne cause

21、 of natural disasterUrbanization and industrialization.2Para.2 BOverpopulation in cities makes more peoplein the danger of natural disasters.3Para.3 CExamples show natural disasters become common.4Para.4 DExperts predict that natural disasters will get worse.5Para.5 EExamples of volcanic eruption an

22、dearthquake show their threat to our world.答案15CEABD第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读P1011教材课文，选择最佳答案1Whats the main idea of the passage?AMore and more natural disasters and their influences.BVolcanoes, the worst threat to human beings.CHow to predict the natural disasters correctly.DThe measures people have taken to

23、 prevent natural disasters.2From the passage, we can know that Anatural disaster can be predicted with the science developmentBmore and worse nature disasters will come in the futureCmany countries have taken effective measures facing the natural disastersDglobal warming is the main cause of natural

24、 disasters3Why are volcanoes and earthquakes are more dangerous than before?ABecause the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.BBecause of the fast growing of population on the earth.CBecause there are more and more volcanoes and earthquakes.DBecause about half the worlds population lives in cities no

25、w.4The following factors can cause natural disasters EXCEPT AoverpopulationBglobal warmingCthe destruction of the worlds forestsDthe fast development of science5According to the passage, which one is RIGHT?AThe Yellow River ever failed to reach the sea for 226 days.BThe howling winds of Atlantic hur

26、ricanes are 40% stronger with speeds of 800 kilometres an hour.CIn 2006, thousands of Indonesians had to flee because the Mt Merapi erupted.DIn history, the worst volcano eruption is Mt Tambora.答案15ABDDA第三步研读能力升华接轨高考根据P1011教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In the last ten years, there are more and more

27、disasters such 1.as floods, droughts, windstorms, earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions 2.and forest fires all over the world. Why are so many disasters? One of the 3.reasons (reason) is that the population of the world 4.is(be) growing so fast.In addition, climate change and 5.global(globe) cli

28、mate warming 6.caused (cause) by factories, vehicles and deforestation can lead to the disasters or make them 7.worse(bad). At present, volcanoes and earthquakes are more 8.dangerous(danger) with the dangerous fast 9.growth(grow) of people. Earthquakes take the lives of 1.6 million people in the last hundred years. What is worse, the disaster experts predict 10.that the things will get worse.