2019-2020版英语新教材导学外研必修第一册讲义：UNIT 2 PART Ⅱ USING LANGUAGE——构词 WORD版含答案.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Part Using language构词法【思维导图】.基本特征感悟【感悟用法1】观察下列句子，体会加黑词在句中的用法Her expression changed when she heard the news.Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.They asked a great many questions about England.It never occurs to them to question the doctors decisions.Would you please

2、dry my clothes in the sun?We will try our best to better our living conditions.He got first place in the final.She speaks Italian like a native.【自我总结1】通过观察可知：(1)change在句中用作动词，在句中用作名词；(2)question在句中用作名词，在句中用作动词；(3)dry, better通常用作形容词，在句和句中dry, better都用作动词；(4)final和black通常用作形容词，在句和句中的final和black都用作名词。【

3、感悟用法2】观察下列单词变化，体会它们变化的共同特征possible(可能的)impossible(不可能的)understand(理解)misunderstand(误解)tradition(传统)traditional(传统的)teach(教)teacher(教师)home(家)town(城镇)hometown(家乡)black(黑色的)board(板子)blackboard(黑板)【自我总结2】通过观察可知：(1)第组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加前缀构成的，后边单词词性一般不改变；(2)第组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加后缀构成的，后边单词词性一般改变；(3)第组单词中，后面的单

4、词是由前面的两个单词合并而成的。.主要用法精讲一、构词法的定义及分类按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法(Conversion)、合成法(Compounding)、派生法(Derivation)、首尾缩略法(Abbreviation)等。二、几种常见的构词法1.转化法把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转换法。用法举例小结动词转化为名词Lets go out for a walk.我们出去散散步吧。Our builds are similar.我们的体形相似。英语中，有的动词可作名词，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形

5、不变的方法叫做转化法。名词转化为动词He backed his car into the garage.他把车倒进车房。We lunched at Whites.我们在怀特家吃午饭。形容词转化为动词Culture has furthered the advance of language.文化促进了语言的发展。The train slowed down to half its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。形容词转化为名词The rich do not necessarily live a happy life.富人并不一定生活得幸福。She was dressed in blue.她穿着蓝

6、色衣服。2.合成法两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。分类方法举例合成名词名词名词weekend周末 bookmark书签 homeowner房东 wheelchair轮椅 guidebook指南；手册名词动名词handwriting书法 air-conditioning空调名词动词-erpainkiller镇痛剂 storyteller讲故事的人动词名词typewriter打字机 postmark邮戳 salesman售货员 pushcart手推车 workshop 研讨会，车间形容词名词gentleman绅士greenhouse温室名词动词handshake握手sun

7、set日落介词名词overweight超重by-product副产品副词动词income收入output产量，输出动词副词cleanup打扫 closedown停业 checkup检查合成形容词名词形容词lifelong终身的，毕生的 snow-white雪白的名词v.-ingEnglish-speaking讲英语的 nature-loving热爱自然的 heartbreaking令人心碎的名词v.-edfun-filled充满乐趣的 man-made人造的 heartbroken悲伤的 custom-made定制的形容词v.-inggood-looking相貌好看的easy-going性格随

8、和的形容词v.-edstrong-minded意志坚强的 electric-powered电动的 white-painted漆成白色的 ill-cooked厨艺差劲的副词v.-edwell-educated受过良好教育的 newly-made新建的 well-known著名的副词v.-inghard-working勤劳的介词名词/-ingunderlying含蓄的，潜在的 in-vehicle汽车内的v.-ed副词built-in内置的，固有的合成动词形容词动词ill-treat虐待 whitewash用石灰水刷白副/介词动词overcome战胜overthrow推翻合成副词形容词名词hotf

9、oot匆忙地anyway无论如何形容词副词everywhere到处somehow不知何故副词副词however尽管如此whole-heartedly全心全意地介词副词forever永远介词名词beforehand预先downstairs在楼下合成介词副词名词inside在里outside在外介词副词throughout遍及within在之内副词介词into到里upon在之上合成代词代词宾格selfherself她自己himself他自己物主代词selfmyself我自己yourself你自己形容词名词anything任何东西everything一切东西3.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后

10、缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。(1)前缀分类举例总结表示否定意义的前缀appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的legal合法的illegal非法的lead带领mislead错误引领stop停下non-stop不停的possible可能的impossible不可能的regular规则的irregular不规则的usual寻常的unusual不寻常的表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-， il-， im-， in-，ir-， mis-， non-， un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。其他意义的前缀sleep

11、睡觉asleep睡着的see看见foresee预见 national国家的international 国际的film影片microfilm 微型胶片 night夜晚midnight午夜bus公交车minibus微型汽车write写rewrite重写market市场supermarket超级商场scope视界telescope 望远镜表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a-表状态；for-，fore-先，前，预；inter-间，相互；micro-微；mid-中；mini-微型的；re-重，再，复；super-上，超；tele-远距离的改变词性的前缀large大的enlarge扩大courage勇气enc

12、ourage鼓励value价值devalue降低的价值little形容词，小的belittle动词，轻视board甲板aboard在船上side旁边aside在旁边door门outdoor户外的break打破outbreak爆发改变词性的前缀有：en-，de-，be-，a-，out-等。en-前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de-前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be-前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a-前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out-前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。(2)后缀分类举例总结构成名词的后缀China中国Chi

13、nese中国人，汉语clean清扫cleaner清洁工visit拜访visitor来访者art艺术artist艺术家absent缺席的absence缺勤invent发明invention发明agree同意agreement同意kind善良的kindness善良构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-ese(表某地人或语言)，-er/-or/-ist(表人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(精通的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。构成形容词的后缀nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的Ame

14、rica美国American美国的China中国Chinese中国人的gold金子golden金的east东eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy雪的构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like(像的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)等。构成副词的后缀week周，星期weekly每周angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝，向ea

15、st东方eastward(s)向东fore前部forward(s)向前构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。构成动词的后缀wide宽的widen加宽beauty美人，美好beautify美化pure纯的purify提纯real真的realize意识到organ器官organize组织构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使化)，-ize(使成为)。4.首尾缩略法用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。缩写全称汉语BBCBritish Broad

16、casting Corporation英国广播公司NBANational Basketball Association(美国)全球篮球协会UNUnited Nations联合国VIPvery important person大人物VOAVoice of America美国之音WTOWorld Trade Organization世界贸易组织IDidentification身份证明AIDSacquired immunity deficiency syndrome艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合征)UNESCOUnited Nations EducationalScientific and Cultur

17、al Organization联合国教科文组织APECAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太经济合作组织 熟练地掌握好英语的构词法，对我们学习英语有很大的帮助。第一，它可以帮助初学者辨认词类，通过一些词尾(后缀)或词头(前缀)辨别某些词的词类，例如，careful(带形容词的词尾)“细心的”(为形容词)；carelessness(带名词的词尾)“粗心大意”(为名词)。第二，可以帮助了解词义，在英语单词中，有不少词头有特别的意思，例如：kilogram(千克/公斤)-kilometer(公里)-kilowatt(千瓦)；通过前缀就可以了解到词的大概意思了。第三，可

18、以扩大词汇量。掌握几千个基础词后，通过构词法可以比较容易地把词汇量扩大到一万以上。利用掌握的基础词，循序渐进地掌握其他单词。第四，把相关联的词组合在一起，形成词群，就像单人组成一个家庭似的。以“care”为例来说：care-careful-carefully-carefulness-careless-carelessly-carelessness。这是一组词群，词根都是一样的词，关键就在于后缀了。第五，建立清楚的词类概念。每学一个词都要知道它的词类，并且掌握与它相关的词，左引右联，很容易形成一个词汇网。第六，建立词与词的联系，大多数的词都用于几个不同的词类，如果知道各种词类的用法，语言能力会得

19、到更大的发展。即学即练1写出下列句中加黑词的含义He emptied the bottle.腾空，倒空Each young person must shoulder his responsibility.肩负，承担No one nosed the danger before the earthquake.觉察The officials have booked hotel rooms for the women and children.预订The government hopes to better the conditions of the peasants.改善Which country

20、is to host the next Olympic Games？主办Open the windows to cool the room.使凉快，使冷却This apartment can house six people and a dog.提供住处You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us.描绘，想象Every year, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another.用船运输名师提醒有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生

21、变化。(1)export/eskpt/n.出口/Ikspt/v.出口(2)import/Impt/n.进口/Impt/v.进口(3)increase/Inkris/n.增加/InkrIs/v.增加(4)permit/pmIt/n.许可证/pmIt/v.准许(5)record/rekd/n.唱片，纪录/rIkd/v.记录(6)present/preznt/n.礼物，现在 adj.当前的，在场的，出席的/prIzent/v.赠送，表达即学即练2翻译下列合成名词snowfall 下雪horse-riding 骑马greenhouse 温室reading-room 阅览室day-dreaming 白日

22、梦son-in-law 女婿shoe-maker 鞋匠motorway 高速公路rooftop 屋顶runway 跑道名师提醒合成名词复数变化的五点规律：1.以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式homeworkhomework2.以man或woman为前缀的合成名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数woman doctorwomen doctorsman waitermen waiters3.以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外)，一般把后面的名词变成复数boyfriendboyfriendspaper bagpaper bags4.以“可数名词介词(短语)”构成的合成名

23、词变复数时，把前面名词变成复数sister-in-lawsisters-in-law5.以“动词/过去分词副词”构成的合成名词变复数时，在结尾加-sgrown-upgrown-upsstand-bystand-bys即学即练3匹配下列前缀与其含义pre-A.undermulti- B.againmini- C.notpost- D.outsub- E.beforere- F.smalltele- G.betweenex- H.afterinter- I.manydis- J.faraway答案EIFHA BJDGC即学即练4根据要求变化下列词形(1)改成表示人的名词workworkerwinw

24、innerChinaChinesewritewriteractactor/actressCanadaCanadiansailsailorartartist(2)改成形容词carecareful/carelessdifficultydifficultsunsunnyworryworried/worryingthankthankfulhealthhealthynationnationaldifferencedifferent(3)改成副词realreallyquickquicklywidewidelycarefulcarefullytruetrulyhappyhappilypossibleposs

25、iblyluckyluckily名师提醒首尾字母缩略主要有8种情形：(1)单个单词截取其首字母；(2)多个单词构成的词组截取其各个单词的首字母；(3)不含虚词的词组，截取各个单词首字母；(4)含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词省略；(5)含虚词的词组，截取实词和虚词首字母；(6)含虚词的词组，截取实词首字母，虚词照写；(7)截取句子的每个单词的首字母；(8)ex缩略为X。.单句语法填空1.Our foreign teacher Michael has_mapped (map) out a plan of his bicycle trip already.2.Nice to meet you,

26、Tom.Did you have a good flight (fly)?3.Look up the meaning (mean) of the word in the dictionary.4.Unfortunately (fortune), Chaplin and his friend didnt find any gold but were caught in a snowstorm.5.Carelessness (careless) will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to patients.6.Surprisingly

27、(surprise), he should lose his temper in public.7.The fish is a bit smelly (smell).We cant eat it.8.It is illegal (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.9.You should use your imagination (imagine) to think what it might be like on the moon.10.When he is low, I often encourage (cou

28、rage) him.选词填空absent-minded，passer-by，face-to-face，dry-clean，ill-treated，peace-loving，color-blind，pickpocket，notebook，ready-made1.Such expensive clothes need dry-cleaning.2.The boy is color-blind and cannot tell blue from yellow.3.Some passers-by lent me a hand when they saw me get into trouble.4.Th

29、e pickpocket was caught stealing the cell phone from a lady.5.The ill-treated blacks took up struggles for equal human rights.6.They agreed to have a face-to-face interview next week.7.The fat man can hardly find any ready-made clothes that fit him well.8.We Chinese are peace-loving people and well never declare war on others.9.The absent-minded professor is always losing his glasses when wearing them.10.When I use my dictionary, I write down all the new words I learn in this little notebook.高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！