2019-2020学年人教版英语必修一讲义：UNIT 2　SECTION Ⅲ LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE .doc

1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language重点单词写作词汇mand n& vt.命令；指令；掌握2.request n& vt.请求；要求3.accent n.口音；腔调；重音4.lightning n闪电5.straight adv.直接；挺直adj.直的；笔直的；正直的拓展词汇6._expression n词语；表示；表达express v表达；表示7.eastern adj.东方的；东部的east n东方；东部地区8.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认recognition n认出；承认阅读词汇9.dialect n方言10

2、.African adj.非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的11.Spanish adj.西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的n.西班牙人；西班牙语12.lorry n(英)卡车13.block n.街区；块；木块；石块14.cab n.出租车重点短语1.play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与2.believe it or not信不信由你3.different from与不同；不同于4.the same.as.和一样的5.go around the corner转过拐角6.from all over the world来自世界各地重点句型1.as引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”As we

3、know(众所周知), British English is a little different from American English.2.There is no such. as.(世界上)没有像的Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English(没有什么标准英语).3.This is because.意为“这是因为”，because引导表语从句This is because(这是因为) in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were e

4、xpected to speak excellent English.4.the same . as.和一样的So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA(同美国西北部的人所说的方言相同). FastreadingSkim the text and choose the best answer.1What does the passage tell us?AAmerican English has

5、many different dialects.BAmericans move a lot taking their dialects with them.CPeople who report the news on TV or the radio speak the Standard English.DThere is no Standard English but excellent English with many different dialects.答案：D2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1AAmerican Engli

6、sh has many dialects.Para.2BGeography plays a part in making dialects.Para.3CThere is no standard English in the world.答案：CAB CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.1From the text，we know that _ is standard English.ABritish EnglishBAmerican EnglishCthe

7、 English spoken in AustraliaDno English2People think the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English, because _Apeople believe those who reported the news speak excellent EnglishBthey speak the same EnglishCthey speak it to all the peopleDthere are some dialects on TV and the radio3How ma

8、ny dialects are mentioned(提到) in the text?AThree. BTwo. CFour. DFive.4Which of the following is NOT the reason for the dialects in America?APeople have come from all over the world.BSome people live in the mountains.CGeography plays a part in making dialects.DThe USA is a large country.答案：14.DACBsta

9、ndard adj.标准的；通常的；普通的 n标准，水平，规范，规格dialect daIlektn.方言believe it or not信不信由你such.as.像那样/这样的expect vt. 盼望；预期；预料expressionIksprenn.词语；表示；表达midwesternmIdwestnadj.中西部的；有中西部特性的southern adj.南方的；南部的AfricanfrIknadj.非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的SpanishspnIadj.西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的 n西班牙人；西班牙语neighbouring adj.附近的；毗邻的(只作前置定语)play a

10、 part (in)起作用，扮演一个角色；参与easternistnadj.东方的； 东部的southeasternsaistnadj.东南方的； 来自东南的the same.as. 和一样的northwesternnwestnadj.西北方的；来自西北的recognizereknaIzvt.辨认出；承认；公认【核心素养链接文化采风】在中国，普通话是通用语，而在英国(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)，虽然名义上没有官方语，但在英语的发展历史中，有一种发音逐渐形成其重要性，成为公认的英语标准发音，这就是Received Pronunciation，简称为RP。STANDARD ENGLISH AND

11、 DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain，the US，Canada, Australia，India and New Zealand？Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio，those who

12、reported the news were expectedto speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak. 过去分词短语spoken on TV and the radio作后置定语， 修饰the English。who在此引导定语从句， 修饰先行词those。people speak为定语从句， 修饰先行词the way。 关系词that/in which在从句中作状语， 已省略。When people use words

13、and expressionsdifferent from the “standard language”， it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern，southern， African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA，two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. American English

14、has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.When引导时间状语从句， 形容词短语different from the “standard language”作后置定语， 修饰前面的words and expressions。Geography also plays a part inmaking dialects.Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English

15、dialect.When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in the southeasternUSA speak with almost the same dialect aspeople in the northwesternUSAThe USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spokenAlthough many America

16、ns move a lot, they still recognize and understand each others dialects.who在此引导定语从句， 修饰先行词Some people。此处as为关系代词， 引导定语从句， 修饰先行词dialect。USA后省略了speak with。in which属于“介词关系代词”， 引导定语从句， 修饰先行词a large country。此处Although引导让步状语从句。标准英语和方言什么是标准英语？是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰人所说的英语吗？信不信由你， (世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为， 电视上和收音机

17、里(播音员)所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。然而， 在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们的说话方式是有差别的。当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的单词或表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。美式英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及非裔美国人和西班牙人的方言。甚至在美国的一些地区，相邻两个城镇的人所说的方言也稍有不同。美式英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为那里的人来自世界各地。地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人就说着一种比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时， 他们也就把他们的方言带了过去。因此， 美国东南部山区的人

18、同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。美国是一个使用多种不同方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬家， 但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。commandn& vt.命令；指令；掌握(经典例句)My mother has a good command of several languages, such as English, French and Danish.我妈妈精通好几种语言，比如英语、法语和丹麦语。(1)under ones command由指挥，由控制be in command of控制take command of控制have a command of.了解/掌握(2)com

19、mand sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command that sb.(should) do sth.命令某人做某事As far as I know，she is in command of our class at present.据我所知，她目前负责我们班。The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。即学即练单句语法填空The police man commanded the thief to hand(hand) in what he had stolen.The police man co

20、mmanded that the thief (should) hand(hand) in what he had stolen.The general gave a command that they (should) start (start) at once.链接写作高考小作文(2018浙江卷6月)我的确相信我适合这项志愿者工作， 因为我精通英语口语。I do believe I am very fit for this voluntary work, because I have a good command of spoken English. requestn& vt.请求；要求(

21、经典例句)Faced with such a difficult situation, he had to make a request for help.面对如此困境，他只好请求帮助。(1)make a request for请求；要求at the request of sb.应某人的要求(2)request sb. to do sth.请求/要求某人做某事request that.(should) do.请求/要求做某事request.from.向请求The boy requested a cellphone from his parents.男孩向父母要一款手机。The tourist

22、came up to the native, and made a request for his help.这位游客走向那位本地人，请求他的帮助。即学即练单句语法填空Visitors are requested not to smoke(smoke) here.He will take an active in the activity at the request of us.链接写作一句多译班主任要求我们复习功课。Our headteacher requested us to go over our lessons.Our headteacher requested that we (s

23、hould) go over our lessons. expressionn词语；表示；表达；表情(经典例句)In order to learn English well，youd better frequently use important words and expressions in everyday life.为了学好英语，你最好在日常生活中经常运用重要的单词和短语。(1)beyond expression无法形容；表达不出without expression毫无表情(2)express vt.表达express oneself表达自己的意思The beauty of the W

24、est Lake is beautiful beyond expression.西湖的景色美得无法形容。He is still unable to express himself in English.他仍旧不能用英语表达自己的意思。即学即练单句语法填空I find it difficult to memorize all the words and expressions(express) in such a short time.The expression(express) on his face suggested that he was angry.Even if I have li

25、ved in London for three months, I still have some trouble expressing(express) myself. play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与(经典例句)As we all know, computers play an important part in modern society.众所周知，计算机在现代社会中起着重要的作用。play a part in play a role in在扮演一个角色；在起作用play the part/role of.扮演的角色take part in参加As a matter

26、of fact, music plays an important part in our daily life.事实上， 音乐在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用。即学即练单句语法填空The famous actor played the part of a policeman in the film.Mobile phones are playing an important part in our daily life.链接写作完成句子她积极参与学校举行的各种各样的活动。She takes an active part in all kinds of activities held by s

27、chool. recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认(经典例句)It is recognized that the environment pollution has become more and more serious.人们公认环境污染已变得越来越严重了。(1)recognize ones voice 辨别出某人的声音(2)The moment I answered the phone，I recognized his voice.我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。He didnt recognize that he had made a big mistake.他不承认自己犯了一个大错

28、。即学即练单句语法填空The city has been built up so fast that it has changed beyond recognition(recognize)He was recognized(recognize) by his fans though he wore a pair of sunglasses.链接写作完成句子我们认为他是一个勤奋并且诚实的人。We recognize/consider him to be_a hardworking and honest person. there is no such.(as.)(世界上)没有(像)这样的(教材

29、P13)Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。句中“no such单数名词”意为“没有这样的”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an单数名词”；as在此为介词。There is no such(There is not such a) man in our neighbourhood.我们的居民区没有这样的人。It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect spee

30、ch.它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。链接写作完成句子众所周知，天下没有不劳而获这回事的。As is known to us, there is no such thing as something for nothing. This/That is because. 这/那是因为(教材P13)This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。This/T

31、hat is because. 这/那是因为This/That is why. 这/那就是的原因。The reason why.is that. 原因是He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt work hard.他没有通过考试的原因是他学习不够努力。链接写作一句多译你改进了学习方法。那就是你进步这么快的原因。You have made g

32、reat progress in English. That is because you have improved your studying methods.You have improved your studying methods，thats why you have made great progress in English. the same (.) as.和一样；与相同 (教材P13)So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as peopl

33、e in the northwestern USA.因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。(1)the same.as. 表示同类的事物(2)the same.that. 表示同一个事物As a matter of fact, I have the same trouble as you.事实上，我和你有同样的烦恼。链接写作完成句子这本书和李先生丢的书一样。This is the same book as Mr. Li lost.这就是李先生丢的那本书。This is the same book that Mr. Li lost. 品句填词1Go straight

34、(径直地) down the road until you come to the English language school.2The hotel is not far from here.Just turn right at the end of the block(街区)3Most of the African(非洲的) countries have suffered from drought in recent years.4Drugs were not recognized(承认) as a problem then.5Pay attention to the usage(用法)

35、 of those special words and expressions.6They made a request(要求) for further aid.7(2019山东师大附中高一上期中)The officer commanded(命令) those who were badly injured in the terrible car accident be operated on as soon as possible.8The man was tall and handsome with shiny hair and a deep voice although his facia

36、l expression (表情) never changed.9Even though we share the same languagewith different accents(口音)our customs are not always alike.10He speaks English well indeed, but of course not so fluently(流利地) as a native speaker. 选词填空even if; because of; play a very important part in; such as; communicate with

37、;come up; make fulluse of; at present 1At present,many foreigners are studying Chinese, which makes it more popular in the world.2Some subjects, such as math, physics and English, are important for the students in the College Entrance Examination.3You must get there in time even if the weather is ba

38、d.4If you can speak English, you can communicate with business people from other countries.5Tony saw an old man standing in the middle of the road, he came up and asked him if he needed any help.6Because of his perfect pronunciation, Wang Dong was chosen to take part in the English speech competitio

39、n.7You should make full use of the class time to set down what the teacher says in class.8Nowadays, the Internet plays a very important part in peoples daily life. 完成句子1当今多数青少年花在室内的时间比以往任何时候都多。Today most teenagers spend less time indoors than ever before2在故事的结尾， 那对夫妇找到了他们20年前失踪的儿子。At the end of the

40、story, the couple found their son who went missing twenty years ago.3尽管我学了六年英语，我与美国人交流起来仍有困难。Even though I have studied English for six years，I still have some difficulty in communicating with Americans.4那辆停在校门口的汽车是我们校长的。The car parked at the school gate is our headmasters.5世界上没有什么免费的午餐。一切都应靠勤劳获得。Th

41、ere is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. Everything should be got by working hard.6亨利看上去很沮丧，这是因为他考试不及格。Henry looks very upset. This is because he didnt pass the exam. 单句语法填空1When I arrived there, one of my brothers recognized(recognize) me at once.2The expression(express) in her eyes told

42、me that she must have won the race.3We should train our students to speak English fluently(fluent) and accurately.4The boss commanded that the workers (should) work (work) hard to complete the project ahead of time.5Women are playing(play) a more and more important part in todays societythey hold up

43、 half the sky.6They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life as you are.7It is requested that he(should) hand(hand) in his homework tomorrow morning.8The foreigner I knew comes from the eastern(east) part of America.9We repaired the machine in the same way as he did.10We can

44、see a number of people waiting outside the stadium.That is because their idol is to hold a concert there. 阅读理解I never wanted to go to kindergarten(幼儿园), or leave home at all.I spent my first five years within the loving arms of my family, and when the time came for me to begin school at PS 116 in Br

45、ooklyn, I was sure that no one would keep me safe.But I was so lucky to meet Mrs.Heyman.Not only did she make me feel safe, she let me know that I was special.Kindergarten was a fearful experience for me.I was a shy child who hated being separated from my mommy.Mrs.Heyman was a kind and patient teac

46、her who tried to get me to stop crying each morning after I asked for one last kiss.She would distract(转移的注意力) me with pens and colorful paper and by playing beautiful music.It seemed the feeling of being an artist distracted me from my separation unhappiness, allowing me to attend class as the tear

47、s ran down my face.I also loved to sing and dance, and performed(表演) the Virginia reela kind of dancewhen the principal(校长), Mr.Barton, visited our class.Mr.Barton was an old, serious man who liked to walk behind children who behaved badly and shout, “Behave！” I was afraid of being shouted at by him

48、, and practiced the dance with my classmates until Mrs.Heyman told us we were perfect.Unluckily, I was so nervous before Mr.Bartons visit that I wet myself.Mrs.Heyman calmly took me to the bathroom and told me to change into new clothes, drying my tears all the while, never showing judgment.As I per

49、formed, Mr.Barton cheered.Pleased, I bravely stepped up to the front of the classroom and threw kisses in Mrs.Heymans direction.I was lucky to have her again for the first grade, and learned to love school and learning.She was right about living my life without longlasting attention from my mommy.【解

50、题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了在幼儿园期间给予自己帮助和鼓励的老师。1What was the authors life like before he went to kindergarten?ABusy. BHappy.CLonely. DUnsafe.B解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的I spent my first five years within the loving arms of my family可知， 作者上幼儿园之前过着开心的生活。2How did Mrs.Heyman draw the authors attention away from separation un

51、happiness?ABy letting him do art.BBy giving him a kiss.CBy dancing with him.DBy inviting his mother to school.A解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的It seemed the feeling of being an artist distracted me from my separation unhappiness可知， 老师让作者参加一些艺术活动以转移他的注意力。3What can be learned about Mr.Barton?AHe was always friendly.BH

52、e was strict with the students.CHe was interested in performing.DHe was full of praise for the author.B解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的Mr.Barton was an old, serious man who liked to walk behind children who behaved badly and shout, “Behave！”可知， 校长非常严厉。4What happened before the authors performance?AHe got himself in

53、a mess.BHe received illtreatment.CHe failed to find his new clothes.DHe visited the bathroom many times.A解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的Unluckily, I was so nervous before Mr.Bartons visit that I wet myself.可知， 上台前作者尿了裤子，把自己弄得一团糟。 七选五Go Fly a KiteLearning how to fly a kite is simple, and flying kites can be a fun fo

54、rm of exercise.Of course, the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string(线).1._ Then wait for a windy day.When the perfect day arrives, find an open space, such as a field. 2._Before flying your kite, find out which way the wind is blowing.3._ To begin flying your kite, stand with your back

55、 to the wind and hold the kite up so the wind can catch it.If the day is not very windy, you may need to get your kite started by running.4_At the same time, walk backwards a few steps to keep the string tight(拉紧的). Now that your kite is up in the air, you can decide how long to fly it and how high

56、you want it to go.5_Slowly wind up(卷起) the string.Try not to pull your kite in too fast or it may crash(坠落)Flying a kite is a great way to spend a windy afternoon.If you follow these steps carefully, you will have something more fun to do than sitting inside and watching TV.So on the next windy day,

57、 get up off the sofa.Go fly a kite!AYou can do this by throwing grass into the air.BFinally, you will need to bring your kite down.CYou can buy your kite and string at a toy shop.DFollow the instructions to put your kite together.ENothing beats seeing a kite sail high into the clouds.FDont fly your

58、kite near trees because it can get caught.GOnce the wind catches your kite, let out more string so it can climb higher.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了放风筝的几个步骤。1C解析：本空承接上句the first thing you need is a kite and a ball of string(线), 说明了获得风筝和线的一种途径。2F解析：F项说明选择放风筝场所时的注意事项， 与本空前一句内容相关。3A解析：A项中的do this指本空前一句中的find

59、out which way the wind is blowing, 涉及判断风向的一种方法。4G解析：G项承上启下，其中前半句承接上段使风筝起飞的内容，后半句引起下文，即如何使风筝飞得更高。5B解析：B项中的bring your kite down与下文wind up(卷起) the string以及pull your kite in意义一致。 完形填空After moving into my mothers home to look after her following an illness, I found myself thinking about my own _1_It was

60、clear that I _2_ to find something that would help me _3_the house more often.I found my _4_ while standing in line at the store checkout one sunny spring day.Red words on the cover of a magazine caught my _5_， “Walk Off Weight！”After _6_the advantages of walking, I knew I had found the perfect _7_t

61、hat would not only make me spend more time outdoors, but would also help me keep _8_I didnt start walking four miles right away; I began _9_After a few weeks, I _10_ from walking two miles every day to between four and six miles every day.My _11_ increased from about three miles per hour to over fou

62、r.It wasnt long before I began to notice the many _12_in both my physical and emotional(情绪的) health.I lost _13_The extra(额外的) fat Id been carrying around my stomach disappeared.My body was _14_and became more shapely.Even my back pain had _15_！The advantages to my emotional health were also great.My

63、 spirits lifted with each passing day.I could hardly _16_ to get up each morning.With more selfconfidence, I also found myself to be more sociable and that I began to _17_meeting new people._18_my mother became less of a tiring task.Feeling _19_， I was able to look after her with great enthusiasm(热情

64、). I _20_her to try to become as healthy and as happy as I felt.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在照顾生病的母亲时开始关注自己的健康。偶然了解到散步的好处后，作者开始坚持散步，不久就发现自己的身体和情绪方面有了很大的变化。1A.dream BplanChealth DworkC解析：由本句中的look after her following an illness以及下文的描述可知， “我”发现“我”开始关注自己的“健康(health)”。2A.needed BrefusedCfailed DforgotA解析：由上文中的I fo

65、und myself thinking about以及下文中的make me spend more time outdoors可知， “我”“需要(needed)”找一些能激励“我”“走出(get out of)”房间的事情来做。3A.live in Bmove intoCget out of Dkeep away fromC解析：同上题。4A.purpose BanswerCjob DhobbyB解析：由上文中的to find something.the house more often以及下文中的Walk Off Weight！可知， “我”找到了“解决办法(answer)”。5A.eye

66、 BlegChand DarmA解析：由上文中的standing in line at the store checkout one sunny spring day以及本句中的Walk Off Weight！可知， 一本杂志封面上红色的字“吸引了我的注意(caught my eye)”。6A.talking about Breading aboutChearing about Dwriting aboutB解析：由第二段及下文的描述可知， “读了(reading about)”散步的种种好处后， “我”明白“我”找到了一项不仅能让自己多待在户外而且能帮助“我”保持“健康(fit)”的最佳“活

67、动(activity)”。7A.thought BbehaviorCadvice DactivityD解析：同上题。8A.fit BsafeCquiet DbusyA解析：同上题。9A.suddenly BquicklyCslowly DfinallyC解析：由上文中的I didnt start walking four miles right away可知， “我”开始很“慢(slowly)”。几周后， “我”从每天步行两英里“增加(progressed)”到每天四到六英里。10A.progressed BleftCfollowed DendedA解析：同上题。11A.time Bspeed

68、Cage DsizeB解析：由本句中的three miles per hour to over four可知， 此处指的是“我”的步行“速度(speed)”。12A.changes BdifferencesCproblems DchancesA解析：由下文几段的描述可知， 不久“我”开始注意到自己在身体和情绪方面的诸多“变化(changes)”。13A.touch BinterestCheart DweightD解析：由下文中的The extra(额外的) fat Id been carrying around my stomach disappeared.可知， “我”的“体重(weight

69、)”减轻了。14A.held up Bbrought upCgiven up Dbuilt upD解析：结合语境可知， “我”开始散步不久后， 就发现自己的身体有了积极的变化。因此， 此处表示“我”的体质“增强了(built up)”， 背部疼痛也“消失了(gone)”。15A.appeared BgoneCreturned DincreasedB解析：同上题。16A.stop BmanageCwait DpromiseC解析：由上文中的The advantages to.with each passing day.可知， “我”每天早上“迫不及待(could hardly wait)”地起床

70、。17A.avoid BenjoyCregret DrememberB解析：由With more.be more sociable可知， “我”开始“喜欢(enjoy)”结识新朋友。18A.Waiting for BWorking forCSearching for DCaring forD解析：由第一段中的After moving into my mothers home to look after her following an illness以及最后一段中的I was able to look after her with great enthusiasm(热情)可知， “照顾(Caring for)”母亲不再是一件累人的工作。“我”感到“精力充沛(lively)”，因此能够以极大的热情照顾她。19A.lonely BproudClively DworriedC解析：同上题。20A.encouraged BforcedCrequired DallowedA解析：由第一段的描述可知， “我”母亲生病了， 因此， “我”“鼓励(encouraged)”母亲努力变得像“我”一样健康快乐。