2019-2020学年人教版英语必修一讲义：UNIT 4　SECTION Ⅱ WARMING UP .doc

1、Section Warming Up & ReadingLanguage Points right away立刻；马上(经典例句)You dont look well. Youd better go and see a doctor right away.你脸色不好，最好赶紧去看看医生吧。 立刻，马上He is injured badly in the accident, and you should call in the doctor right away.他在事故中受伤严重，你应该立即请医生来。链接写作完成句子他没马上回答我的问题，这使我很伤心。He didnt answer my qu

2、estion right away, which made me very upset.如果你能立即给我回信我将感激不尽。Id be very grateful if you can reply to me right now/at once/immediately/in no time burstvi.爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发(教材P26)In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝并爆裂开来。(1)突然哭起来/笑起来burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/心

3、花怒放(2)burst in/into 闯进；突然破门而入On hearing the news, Mary burst into laughter while Lucy burst out crying.一听到这则消息，玛丽突然大笑起来，而露西则突然大哭起来。When we were chatting in the room, he burst in.当我们正在房间里谈话时他闯进来了。即学即练单句语法填空He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.He burst into the room witho

4、ut knocking at the door，which made me very angry.链接写作完成句子/句式升级听到唯一的儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。(普通表达)When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears(高级表达)Hearing the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst out crying(现在分词短

5、语作状语)短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。 at an end结束；终结(经典例句)I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我快没有耐心了。at the end of 在末端by the end of 到为止(用于完成时)in the end 最后；终于come to an end 结束The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了

6、。The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.会议结束了， 他记下许多要点。即学即练单句语法填空When the journey was at an end, everybody felt tired and hungry.By the end of last year, he had learned(learn) two thousand English words.In the end, they reached a place of safety.链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)The speech con

7、test finished. Thankfully, I won the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.(高级表达)The speech contest was at an end. Thankfully, I won the first prize and my hard work paid off in the end ruinn废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产(教材P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就成了废墟。(1)be

8、/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭fall into ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪(2)ruin ones hope/chance使某人的希望破灭/机会丢失ruin oneself 自我毁灭The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，让我们彻夜未眠。A large number of buildings fell into ruins after the earthquake.地震后，许多建筑都被毁了。即学即练单句语法填空Heavy smok

9、ing ruins(ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking.It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been in ruins(ruin)链接写作完成句子依我看来， 他固执的性格和在工作中的缺点会毁掉他的前途的。In my opinion, his stubborn character and shortcomings in his work will r

10、uin his future injurevt.损害；伤害(教材P26)Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。(1)injure ones pride 伤了某人的自尊(2)injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的the injured 伤员(3)injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害do an injury to sb. 伤害某人Believe it or not, what you said just now injured his pride.信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了他的自

11、尊心。He was injured when he was cycling along the valley.沿着山谷骑自行车时，他受伤了。即学即练单句语法填空She injured(injure) herself while skating, which made her parents very worried.The injured( injure) were sent to hospital right away.He suffered injuries(injure) to his legs and arms when he fell off the tree. shockvt.&

12、vi.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊(经典例句)The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students safety at school.这个消息使公众震惊，从而引发了公众对在校学生安全的极大关注。(1)be a shock to. 使吃惊(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊be shocked that. 对很震惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的His situation was a gre

13、at shock to us all.他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。We are shocked that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。即学即练单句语法填空We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)Im shocked(shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter.Her falling in love

14、with the poor young man was a shock to us.I was shocked to hear(hear) that our factory would have to close. rescuen& vt. 援救；营救(教材P26)Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。come to/go to sb.s rescuerescue sb.援救某人rescue.from. 把从营救出来When we were trapped in

15、the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。即学即练单句语法填空At midnight we finally rescued(rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.The firefighters rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue(rescue) those trappe

16、d in the building. trapvt.使陷入困境n陷阱；困境(经典例句)When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。(1)be trapped in困在中；陷在中trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套Unfortunately, they were trapped in the burning building.不幸的是，他们被困在了失火的大楼中。By clever q

17、uestioning they trapped him into telling the truth.他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。即学即练单句语法填空There was a power failure; they were trapped(trap) in the lift.Trapped(trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude. buryvt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bur

18、y the dead.部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。(1)bury.in. 把埋到里bury ones face in hands 双手掩面(2)埋头于；专心于，沉浸于She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。链接写作一句多译他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。Buried(

19、bury) in his study, he didnt know that all the others had left.Burying(bury) himself in his study, he didnt know that all the others had left.Because he was buried(bury) in his study, he didnt know that all the others had left. a (great) number of许多；大量的(教材P27)Such a great number of people died becau

20、se the quake happened while they were sleeping.造成如此多的人员死亡的原因是地震发生时人们正在睡觉。a number of很多；许多在number之前可加large, small, great等表示程度的词。a number of只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式the number of的数目后接可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.我的家乡建立了许多新工厂。The number of graduates in o

21、ur university this year is 2，000.我们大学今年毕业生的人数是2 000。即学即练单句语法填空A great number of soldiers were sent(send) to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps(keep) rising these days. as ifas though意为“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was

22、 at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！(1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain. Lets hurry up.看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。He talks to them as if they were children.他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子

23、一样。即学即练单句语法填空The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.He talks about Rome as if he had been(be) there before.He opened his mouth as if he would say(say) something. all.not/not.all意为“并非所有的都”，表示部分否定(教材P26)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。(1)该句

24、为不完全否定，即部分否定。all.not/not.all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的都”。(2)all, both, each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。Every boy is not interested in sports.Not every boy is interested in sports.并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。As far as I know, not both of them smoke.As far as I kn

25、ow, both of them dont smoke.据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no, none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。None of us was allowed to go there.我们全都不被允许去那里。链接写作一句多译我们并非所有人都喜欢骑自行车上班。Not all of us are fond of cycling to work.All of us are not fond of cycling to work. 品句填词1Balloons make me nervo

26、usI hate it when they burst2I was shocked that he could be so careless that he lost the key.3He said working too hard was injuring his health.4The door was locked and they were trapped in the building.5(2019陕西西安长安一中高一上期中)Because of the global warming, there are more and more natural disasters(灾难)6No

27、 one was injured in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed(破坏)7After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue(营救) team to look for them.8Many important events(事件) happening in our university are recorded in the book.9Although horses do

28、not generally mind the cold, shelter from rain and wind is important.10We moved into a small room with electricity(电) but no running water. 单句改错1However, the extremely weather in Africa didnt make them change their decision to help those in need there.extremelyextreme2As China develops fast and stea

29、dy, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.isare3She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.knowsknew4This is one of the worst natural disaster ever to hit the area.disasterdisasters5Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area

30、 in ruin.ruinruins6The number of unemployed people in Poland have grown by more than a quarter in the last month.havehas 课文语法填空Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. However, the one million people of the city, 1.who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual

31、that night.At 3：42 am everything began to shake and a 2.powerful(power) earthquake happened. It lasted fifteen seconds, 3.causing(cause) great damage to everything. The whole city lay in 4.ruins(ruin). The suffering of the people was extreme. The number of people who were killed or 5.seriously(serio

32、us) injured reached over 400，000. Everywhere they looked nearly everything 6.was destroyed(destroy). Hospitals, 7.factories(factory) and buildings were damaged. Animals were affected. Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan, which caused further damage.However, all hope was not lost.

33、The army organized teams 8.to dig(dig) out those who were trapped and to bury 9.the dead. Shelters were built for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city 10.by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 单句语法填空1Sometimes pain and suffering(suffer) come into our lives becaus

34、e of our own wrong decisions.2Following a schedule and doing things on time is extremely(extreme) important in todays busy world.3Luckily, the injured(injure) driver and passengers were sent to hospital at once.4Its reported that more than 3, 000 houses were destroyed(destroy) by the terrible earthq

35、uake yesterday.5The public were all shocked when they heard the shocking news that the plane had lost contact on its way to Beijing.(shock)6We should protect ourselves in case of earthquakes, rainstorms, and other natural disasters(disaster)7Henry is the one who likes burying(bury) his head in books

36、 and rarely pays attention to the outside world.8As a reporter(report) of the school newspaper, I interviewed Professor Wang about how to learn English well.9Lily had to call a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home.10When she heard about the news that her father had died, she

37、burst out crying(cry) 阅读理解AEverybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the worldJapan, Los Angeles, Turkeyrats will soon be mans new best friends.What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find livi

38、ng people. But dogs are big and they cant get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives：the rat.How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rats brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back

39、, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rats brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, “Robots no

40、ses dont work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they dont need electricity!The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland say

41、s, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldnt get to, and a rat would get out if it wasnt safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course)【解题导语】人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。1In the world earthqua

42、ke capitals, rats will become mans best friends because they can _Atake the place of mans rescue jobsBfind the position of people alive who are trapped in buildingsCserve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildingsDget into small spacesB解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。2From

43、the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by _Athe noise made by the ratBthe rats unusual behaviourCthe signal sent by the radio on the rats backDthe smell given off by the personC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens, the rats brain gives a signal(信号). This is sent to a

44、small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.”可知答案为C项。3In doing rescue jobs, _Arats smell better than dogsBdogs dont need to be trained to smell peopleCrobots sense of smell can be affected by other smells aroundDrats can see in the dark and are smaller than robotsC解析：推理判断

45、题。根据文章第四段中的“Robots noses dont work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。4Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that _Athey are more fantastic than other animalsBthey are less expensive to train than dogsCthey dont need electricityDthey are sma

46、ll and can get into small placesA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段和倒数第二段内容可知B、C和D项说法正确。A项文章没有提及，故选A。BWhile you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night. With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep

47、 environment that helps improve your sleep quality.Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy. If you dont fall aslee

48、p within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you are tired.Pay attention to what you eat and drink. Dont go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Avoid caffeine(咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep. Having a cup of coffee within a few hours

49、of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep. Coffee isnt the only product containing caffeine. Avoid chocolate and tea, too. Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed. TV influences

50、your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something exciting. Instead of turning on the TV, read a book. Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doct

51、or. Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。如果你想过健康幸福的生活，睡个好觉是必不可少的。相比睡眠时间长短，睡眠质量有时更为重要。5What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?AGet up a bit later than usual.BGo to bed at a regular time.CWat

52、ch some relaxing TV programs.DAvoid drinking coffee or tea in the day.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off.”可知，作者建议睡眠要有规律，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床的人休息得会更好，即便是周末也应该这样。6What does the author advise you to do if you cant fall asleep after lying i

53、n bed for 15 minutes?ATo drink some water.BTo do some light reading.CTo listen to light music.DTo get up and relax.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you dont fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing.”可知，作者认为，如果你在床上15分钟内睡不着，干脆起床做些放松的事，等自己累了再回到床上睡觉。7What does the underlined word “stuff

54、ed” in Paragraph 4 mean?AHaving slept too much.BHaving eaten too much.CFeeling too sad.DFeeling too tired.B解析：词义猜测题。第四段主题句是“Pay attention to what you eat and drink.”，后面分别讲述睡觉前该如何吃、喝。“Dont go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up.”这两句是讲睡觉前该怎样吃：睡觉时既不要饿着，也不要吃得太饱。饿着或者吃得太饱时身体

55、会不舒服，这会让你睡不着。由此可知，画线单词stuffed的意思是“吃饱的”。8What does the text mainly talk about?AWhat to do before going to bed.BThe importance of sleeping well.CHow to improve your sleep quality.DThe relationship between sleep and lifestyle.C解析：主旨大意题。本文就如何改善睡眠质量提供了一些方法。 七选五First rains of the season always make everyb

56、ody happy. However, as it begins to rain often, you will possibly feel bored. 1._ Well, you can do many fun things, which will make the day a truly enjoyable one.2_ Take a little time out for yourself. Then take a long walk and watch everything. You can walk in your neighborhood or even take the sub

57、way and discover new places in the town. If you like taking pictures, take your camera along with you to catch beautiful moments.Host a rain dance party! 3._ It can also be in your backyard. Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even to avoid accidents. Place the stereo(立体声音响) under the roof in

58、 case it gets wet. Call your friends and enjoy the party!Watch and listen to nature. For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area. 4._ If you cant go outside your house, sit in the balcony(阳台) with a cup of tea and listen to the sound of water falling on different objects.There

59、 are many things to do on a rainy day. But make sure you take a rain jacket or an umbrella while going out in the rains. 5._ When it comes to preventing you catching a cold in the rains, you can eat a lot of vitamin C, and take a bath once you come back home.ATake a walk by yourself.BYou can stop to

60、 buy an ice cream.CSo how can you have fun on such a rainy day?DYou can sit on the top of a hill and enjoy the view.EYou wont get completely wet and then catch a cold.FHave some coffee outside and enjoy the conversation.GThe dance floor can be near your homes swimming pool.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何开心

61、地度过雨季。1C解析：该空前说下雨天你会觉得很烦恼，所以如何开心地度过雨天呢？其实你可以做许多开心的事，由此可知C项正确。2A解析：该空为该段的主题句，根据该空后的“Take a little time out for yourself.”以及下文多次提到的walk可知，选项A正确。3G解析：根据空后“It can also be in your backyard. Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even”可知，It指代的是the dance floor，G项中提到“The dance floor”，所以应选G项。4D解析：根据该段的主题句“Watch and listen to nature.”和空前的“For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area.”可知，D项正确。虽然B项也是以You can开头，但是与本段的主题句“赏雨和听雨”不一致。5E解析：外出的时候记得要带雨衣或雨伞，否则会因淋湿而感冒，由此可知E项符合语境。