2019-2020学年北师大版英语必修四讲义：UNIT 10 SECTION Ⅳ　LANGUAGE POINTS （Ⅱ） （LESSON 2 .doc

1、Section Language Points()(Lesson 2 & Lesson 3).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Dont be ashamed(惭愧的) to say you havent got much money when the item you want is expensive for you.2We like it if David is enthusiastic(热情的)about our plan.3It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance(重要性)4The info

2、rmation you need is contained(包含)in this report.5Computer games mainly appeal(吸引)to young people.6I find it annoying when people smoke in public places.7Will you resign，sir?No comment!8Mum always tells me to behave myself when I go out.9I lost my balance and fell down from the bike.10The world is ch

3、anging so fast that some of us are puzzled about what to do next.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1ashamed adj.羞耻的，惭愧的shame n羞愧，羞耻shameful adj.可耻的2amuse v娱乐amusement n乐趣，娱乐活动3puzzle vt.使困惑puzzled adj.困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的4behave vi.举止，表现behaviour n行为，表现5advance vi.取得进展，前进advanced adj.先进的，高级的n.fuladj.v.mentn.harm

4、ful 有害的powerful 强有力的meaningful 有意义的arrangement 安排argument 争论development 发展.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1deal with处理，应付2appeal to吸引，呼吁3hand over移交4play an important role in在扮演重要角色5match.with.把与配对6be confident about对有自信7be ashamed of对感到羞愧8to be exact确切地说9take off减去，扣除10start with以开始.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1He started with

5、 the aim of injuring others，only to end up ruining himself.2For lack of work experience，he is not able to deal with the situation.3Mary appealed to him for help，but he turned his back on her.4He is，to be exact，sixteen years old，and he is not old enough to join the army.5When Mr.Smith gets old，he wil

6、l hand over his business to his son.handadv.动词短语takeadv.动词短语hand down 传给(后代)hand in 上交hand out 分发take down 取下；记下take in 吸收；欺骗take out 提取；带出背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.something that is of very good value非常有价值的东西be of very good value属于“be of名词”结构，相当于形容词用法。His opinion is considered to be of great use大家一致认为他的观点很有

7、用。2.If so，it is time for you to think again.若真这样想的话，现在到了你重新考虑的时候了。if so是省略句式，意为“如果这样的话”，so代替上文的内容。Will you be free this Sunday？If so，lets go camping!这个周末你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧！3.In fact，it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion.事实上，你才是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人。“Its .that/who”构

8、成强调句型。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是个著名的电影明星。 bargain n& vi.讨价还价；便宜货(教材P10)Which of the following do most British people bargain for?下面哪一项是大多数英国人最易讨价还价的？(1)bargain with sb.about/over/for sth.就和某人讨价还价bargain for/on sth. (常用于否定句

9、)预料到；料想到(2)make a bargain with sb. 和某人达成协议Its/Thats a (real) bargain. 这(真)是个便宜货。The coat is a real/good bargain at such a low price.这外套价格这么低，实在便宜。Weve made a bargain that hell do the shopping and Ill cook.我们已经讲好了，他买东西我做饭。The salesman refused to bargain with us over the price.推销员拒绝与我们讨价还价。We hadnt ba

10、rgained for such heavy rain，and got really wet.我们没料到会下这么大的雨，结果浑身都湿透了。 ashamed adj.羞耻的，惭愧的(教材P10)She is not ashamed to say she has not got much money.她并不羞于说她钱不多。(1)be ashamed of(doing)sth.对(做)某事感到惭愧be ashamed to do sth. 以做某事为耻；羞于做某事be ashamed that. 对感到惭愧(2)shame n. 羞愧或遗憾之事to ones shame 使某人感到惭愧的是Its a

11、 shame that. 令人惋惜的是(3)shameless adj. 不知羞耻的He was ashamed that he couldnt give an answer.他因回答不出来而觉得羞耻。It is a shame that you cannot join us in this reunion.很可惜你无法参加我们此次聚会。I am ashamed to tell(tell) anyone that I have failed that driving test again.我羞于告诉任何人我的驾照考试又没通过。He was ashamed of having failed in

12、 the final examination.他因期末考试不及格而感到羞愧。明辨异同ashamed/shamefulashamed指事物使人感到羞耻、惭愧、尴尬等，意为“羞愧的，尴尬的”。主语一般是人。shameful指事物或行为本身可耻的、不道德的，意为“可耻的，丢脸的”。主语多为事物或行为。(ashamed/shameful)It was shameful to make the same mistake again and again.He felt ashamed of having done so little work.语境助记You should be ashamed of yo

13、ur shameful behaviors，or you will be a shameless man.你应该为你可耻的行为感到羞愧，要不然你将是一个不知羞耻的人。 annoy vt.使烦恼，打搅(教材P10)If the person says“no”，she is annoyed.如果那个人说“不”，她会很恼火。(1)annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的；烦恼的be annoyed with sb.对某人生气be annoyed at/about/for sth.因某事生气be annoyed to do sth.对做某事生气(2)annoying adj.使恼怒的；使生气的；使烦恼的

14、(3)annoyance n.恼怒，烦恼I was annoyed to find they had left without me.他们撇下我走了，使我很不痛快。We are very annoyed at/about/for his mistake，because we have emphasized this for several times.我们对他的错误感到非常生气，因为我们已经对此强调了许多遍了。I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me.我对他烦透了，因为他不停地打断我的话。I couldnt see her f

15、ace，but she sounded pretty annoyed(annoy)我看不见她的脸，但听起来她很烦恼。语境助记I was annoyed at those annoying things because my mind was full of annoyances and those things were annoying me all the time.我因那些令人烦恼的事而生气，因为我的脑子里都是烦恼之事，那些事情一直在困扰着我。 comment vi.& vt.评论(教材P11)Comment on the object.对物品的评价。(1)comment on/upon

16、评论comment that.说/称(2)comment n.评价；评论no comment无可奉告without comment未作评论make a comment/comments on/about评论Everyone commented on her new hat.大家都在评论她的新帽子。No comment.I dont know anything.无可奉告。我什么都不知道。He handed me the document without comment他未作任何评论就把文件交给了我。Its impolite to make comments(comment)on a person

17、s appearance.对他人的外貌做评价是不礼貌的。 appeal to 向呼吁(请求)；投合的心意；引起的兴趣(教材P12)Well，if buying a bag of candies or cookies doesnt appeal to you，how about buying a tree instead?那么，你如果对买一袋糖果或甜点不感兴趣，那(用这钱)买一棵树如何？(1)呼吁/恳求某人做某事appeal to sb. 吸引某人，使某人感兴趣(2)have an appeal for 对有吸引力、魅力make an appeal to sb.for sth.恳求某人做某事ma

18、ke an appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁某人(做)某事(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的；有感染力 的；令人感兴趣的He appealed to me for help.他向我求助。She appealed to us to go(go)with her.她恳求我们和她同行。The police made an appeal to the public to remain(remain)calm.警方呼吁公众保持镇静。语境助记Martin Luther King appealed to the blacks to appeal to the highest c

19、ourt against racial discrimination，which greatly appealed to the whole world.马丁路德金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。 (教材P12)The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.这些土壤中含有保持该地区大自然平衡的物质。(1)contain vt.包含，含有；容纳(1)contain oneself控制自己(2)container n.容器，集装箱The room is too small to

20、contain so many people.房间太小容纳不了那么多人。He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.他激动得不能自已。明辨异同include/containinclude侧重“范围”，用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。在句中常构成分词短语sb./sth.included或including sb./sth.。contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分。更具体地说，contain指一个较大事物中所容纳的部分，有封闭于一个整体的感觉。用contain/include的适当形式填空Put into the box a

21、s much as it will containEveryone was annoyed by his rude remarks，me includedOur textbook contains twelve units.Six people were killed，including a child.图形助记contain 容纳 include 包含(2)balance n平衡；天平 vt.权衡，对比；使平衡；抵消，跟相抵(1)keep/lose ones balance保持/失去平衡keep a balance between.and.保持之间的平衡keep.in balance使处于平

22、衡状态(2)balance.with.使和保持平衡(3)balanced adj.平衡的a balanced diet均衡饮食John lost his balance and fell off the ladder.约翰失去了平衡，从梯子上掉了下来。She has learned to balance home with career.她已学会平衡家庭和事业之间的关系。Youd better keep a balanced(balance)diet for the benefit of your health.为了有益于身体健康你最好保持均衡饮食。图形助记balance keep ones

23、balancelose ones balance puzzle vt.使困惑 n谜；难题；令人费解的事(教材P12)Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect?还是不理解你的5元钱怎么会有如此大的作用吗？(1)puzzle about/over.苦苦思索使某人困惑的是be in a puzzle处于困惑之中(2)puzzling adj.令人困惑的puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的be puzzled by/about/over.对感到迷惑不解What puzzled me was that why she made no

24、 response to my email.令我感到困惑的是，她为什么没有回复我的邮件。He read the email his wife posted to him with a puzzled(puzzle)expression on his face.他读了妻子给他的电子邮件，表情疑惑。Im puzzled about this situation.我对这种情况感到迷惑。语境助记Although he had been puzzling about the puzzling problem for weeks，the puzzled look on his face suggested

25、 he was still puzzled over itthat is，he was still in a puzzle.那个令人费解的问题尽管他已冥思苦想了好几个星期，但是他脸上困惑的表情表明他仍然对此感到迷惑不解也就是说，他仍然处于困惑之中。 behave vi.举止，表现 vt.表现得体，有礼貌(教材P13)At that time，women were expected to stay at home，take care of their husbands and children，and behave like ladies.那时，人们希望妇女们待在家里，照顾她们的丈夫和孩子，并且

26、行为举止要有女人样。(1)behave well/badly(to/towards)表现好/差；对某人好/差behave oneself规矩点，有礼貌(2)behaviour n.举止；行为(3)wellbehaved adj.表现好的badlybehaved adj.表现差的He behaves well in the school.他在学校里表现良好。Its amazing that they should have behaved badly to/towards their English teacher.真是令人吃惊，他们竟然对他们的英语老师这么不礼貌。The teacher wil

27、l not tolerate bad behaviours(behave)in class.那位老师不会容忍班上不规矩的行为。 advance vi.前进；取得进展n前进；进展(教材P13)They were determined to take the opportunity to advance across the river.他们决定利用这个机会过河前进。(1)advance on/towards向前进advance in在方面有进展/进步(2)make great advances(in)在方面取得很大进步in advance提前；预先；事前in advance of在前；超过(3)

28、advanced adj.高级的，先进的Everything was fixed in advance.一切都是预先安排好的。She advanced greatly in her knowledge.她在学识上大有长进。All the more technically advanced(advance)countries put a high value on science.所有技术上较先进的国家都高度重视科学。 (教材P10)something that is of very good value非常有价值的东西【要点提炼】of very good value属于“of名词”结构，相当于

29、very valuable。(1)be of抽象名词，相当于该名词的形容词，该短语作表语或后置定语，常见的名词有：value，use，importance，help，benefit等。这类名词可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。(2)有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式，如：size，style，price，age，shape，length，depth，color，height，quality等，这类名词可用a，an，the same，different，good等修饰。表示不同的人或物的共同特征。The factory set up the year befo

30、re is of great significance to this areas economy.The factory set up the year before is very significant to this areas economy.前年建起的这个工厂对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。This machine is of good quality，but its too expensive.这台机器质量好，但是太贵。The two pairs of shoes he bought yesterday are (of) the same colour.他昨天买的两双鞋颜色一样。

31、This dictionary is very important to my translation，while that one is of no importance(important)这本词典对我的翻译来说很重要，而那本则不重要。 (教材P12)If so，it is time for you to think again.若真这样想的话，现在到了你重新考虑的时候了。【要点提炼】句中If so为条件状语从句If it is so的省略，意为“如果是这样的话，”so代替前面的分句或句子的意思。(1)常见的if.省略结构有：ifso：如果这样的话ifnot：可视为一个否定的条件状语从句的

32、省略形式ifever：通常与seldom连用，表示“极少”、“难得”if代词：构成if anyone，if any，if anything等if形容词：if necessary (如果需要的话)，if possible(如果可能的话)if过去分词：if与分词之间省略了主语和be，即状语从句的省略(2)在表示时间、让步、条件等状语从句中，若主、从句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且谓语中含有be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。I might see you tomorrow.If not，itll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。There are few

33、people nowadays，if any，who remember him.当今记得他的人，如果有的话，也不多了。When visiting(visit) another country，you should be aware of those differences and respect them.当你参观另外一个国家的时候，你应该意识到这些差异并尊敬这些差异。Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。 (教材P12)In fact

34、，it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion.事实上，你才是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人。【要点提炼】本句是由it is(was).that(who)引导的强调句。强调句式可以强调除谓语动词以外的其他所有的句子成分，用来加强语气。不同句式的强调句型：(1)一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who.(2)特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词is/was itthat/who.(3)not.until.的强调句型：It is/was not until.t

35、hat.It was Li Ming that (who) I met at the railway station yesterday.昨天我在火车站遇到的是李明。Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street？你是昨天在大街上碰到你的老师的吗？When was it that they went abroad?他们什么时候出国的？It was not until we entered university that we began studying French.我们进入了大学才开始学法语。名师点津“强调结构”五注意(1)

36、强调句型中，被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语，不强调谓语；(2)that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略；强调的主语如果是人，that和who 都可用；(3)强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。(4)即使被强调的主语是复数，it后的be动词也用单数；(5)判断是否是强调句型的方法：还原法，即把强调句型“It is(was).that(who).”去掉，若被强调部分归位后，能够形成一个完整的句子，即为强调句。.单句语法填空1But in fact sports and games can be of great value，especially to peop

37、le who work with their brains most of the day.2The teachers explanation clarifies the puzzling(puzzle)problem.3She has an annoying(annoy)habit of biting her fingernails.4It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.5To make sure that he was at home，I called him up in advance.6The p

38、resident is planning for a balanced(balance)budget.7He refused to comment(comment)until after the trial.8She made the last appeal to her father to forgive(forgive)her.9The poor boy was ashamed of his ragged cloths.10I hope the children behave themselves(they).完成句子1You can use these reference books，i

39、f necessary如果必要，你可用这些参考书。2Who was it that didnt come to the meeting yesterday?究竟是谁昨天没来参加会议？3What he said at the meeting was of great value他在会上的讲话非常有价值。4He bargained with the salesman for the typewriter.他为买打字机和店员讨价还价。5She appealed to the high court against her sentence.她不服判决而向高等法院上诉。动词不定式自主领悟 先观察原句Wo

40、uld you like to be a millionaire?The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.On land with rich soil，local farmers can grow crops to make a living.In some areas in Shanxi Province，this has destroyed almost all the land，and has forced many local farmers to move to other areas.I

41、f so，it is time for you to think again.后自主感悟动词不定式短语在句中的句法功能：句作宾语；句作定语；句作目的状语；句作宾语补足语；句作主语。动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中to是动词不定式的符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式是在to前加not。不定式具有动词的特征，与其后面的名词等构成不定式短语；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语。一、动词不定式的三种主要结构模式1带to或不带to：(to)do sth.Our teacher asks us to be gra

42、teful to our parents.老师叫我们要感恩父母。I saw a stranger enter our community.我看见一个陌生人进了我们社区。He told me not to move until he finished the drawing.他告诉我等到他画完了画我再动。2疑问词不定式：how/when/what.to do sth.这一结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语等，常可转换成一个由该疑问词引导的从句。He told us what to do.(He told us what we should do.)他告诉我们该做些什么。3动词不定式的复合结构动词不定

43、式的复合结构为“for/of名词/代词(宾格)动词不定式”，常用于“It is/was形容词for/ofsb.不定式”这一句型中。当句中的形容词修饰动词不定式时，用介词for；修饰sb.时，用介词of。It is important for him to attend every day.他每天都要出席，这很重要。It is kind of you to help me with my English.你帮我学英语真是太好了。即时训练1句型转换I dont know when we will hold the meeting.I dont know when to hold the meeti

44、ng.We made him work five hours a day.He was made to work five hours a day.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.The box is too heavy for me to carry二、动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态的形式见下表：时态主动被动意义例句一般式to doto be done不定式表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时或先后发生Im glad to see you.我很高兴见到你。进行式to bedoing谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行

45、He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.当我进来的时候他假装正在读书。完成式to have doneto havebeen done不定式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作We seem to have met each other before.我们好像以前见过面。完成进行式to havebeen doing不定式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作，且谓语表示的动作发生时该不定式表示的动作仍在进行He is said to have been studying abroad，but I dont know which country he is

46、studying in.据说他一直在国外学习，但是我不知道他在哪个国家学习。即时训练2用所给动词的正确形式填空She seems to have heard(hear) about this matter.He was said to have been told(tell) about the news.三、动词不定式的主要用法1不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语，表示特指的一次性的具体动作。To say is one thing；to do is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。(2)为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式(短语)放在句末。It i

47、s not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。2不定式作表语(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。My wish is to join the army after graduation.我的愿望是毕业后参军。(2)如果主语的中心词是aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，wish等，或是以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对其作补充说明。His job is to feed animals.他的工作是喂养动物。3不定式作宾语(1)有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：like，want，try

48、，begin，decide，ask，forget，promise，hope，love，offer，refuse，wish等。(2)动词不定式在介词but，other than后面时，如果介词前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。We could do nothing but/other than wait.除了等待我们别无他法。(3)在cant choose but，cant help but，cant but等后面的不定式也要省略to。名师点津常见的只能用动词不定式作宾语的动词决心，学会，想，希望(determine/decide，learn，want，h

49、ope/expect/ wish)拒绝，设法，愿，假装(refuse，manage，care，pretend)主动，答应，选，计划(offer，promise，choose，plan)同意，请求，帮一帮(agree，beg，help)4不定式作宾语补足语(1)常跟不定式作宾补的动词有advise，allow，ask，tell，teach，encourage，cause等。以tell为例，可构成“tell sb.to do sth.”这类结构。The teacher encouraged us to write a composition every week.老师鼓励我们每周写一篇作文。(2)

50、感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带to，但变为被动语态，作主补的不定式需带to。常见的上述词有：一感觉：feel；二听：listen to，hear；三使：let，have，make；四看：see，watch，notice，observe等。另外，help后作宾补的不定式符号to可有可无。I saw him go upstairs just now.我刚才看见他上楼了。He was seen to go upstairs just now.有人看见他刚才上楼了。温馨提示下列结构中用不定式作主补，例如be said/reported/believed/ considered to等。Our

51、 football team is reported to have won the match.据报道，我们的足球队赢得了这场比赛。5不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，一般要跟相应的介词。He has a lot of problems to deal with.他有许多问题要处理。(2)若名词前有序数词、最高级或no，all，only等修饰，后面一般用不定式作定语。温馨提示用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的有ability，chance，attempt，warning等。I dont trust his promise t

52、o come for a call.我不相信他来访的诺言。6不定式作状语不定式作状语主要有三种情况：(1)目的状语。in order to和so as to是不定式作目的状语的正式用法，其中so as to不可置于句首。In order to finish the work in time，we work late into the night every day.为了能及时完成任务，我们每天工作到深夜。(2)结果状语。通常有句型：too.to do sth.；.enough to do sth.；only to do sth.。I walked all the way from home t

53、o the library，only to find it closed.我从家一直步行到图书馆，结果发现它关门了。(3)原因状语。主要放在表示喜怒哀乐的情感的词汇之后。She seemed surprised to meet us.遇见我们，她看起来有点惊讶。即时训练3用所给动词的适当形式填空With a lot of difficult problems to settle(settle), the newly elected president is having a hard time.Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change)

54、lives，including your own.To make(make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.单句语法填空1Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk(talk)over what is bothering them.2To learn(learn)more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.3There were many talented actors out there just waiting to be discovered (discover)4If you are the last student to leave(leave)the room，remember to turn off the lights.5With so many things to deal(deal)with，I have to work late into the night.