2019-2020学年北师大英语必修三新素养同步讲义：UNIT 8 ADVENTURE SECTION Ⅲ　LESSON 2 .doc

1、Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 31risk vt冒的危险2flow vi 流动，涌出3quantity n 量，数量4extreme adj极度的，极端的extremely adv极度地5similarity n相似性，类似性similar adj相似的similarly adv类似地6exactly adv确切地，精确地exact adj确切的7excitement n兴奋，激动excite vt使兴奋excited adj兴奋的exciting adj令人兴奋的8various adj不同的，各种各样的vary vt使不同variety n多种多样9equipment

2、 n配备，设备equip vt使配备10preference n较喜欢的东西，偏爱prefer vt更喜欢11amaze vt使惊愕(惊奇)amazing adj令人惊讶的amazed adj惊讶的12confuse vt使困惑confusing adj令人困惑的confused adj困惑的13wealthy adj富有的，富裕的wealth n财富14statement n陈述state vt陈述1in_order_to_do_something目的是，以便2upside_down颠倒地，倒置地3turn_up出现，到场4back_out决定不履行(允诺的事)5get_across使理解(

3、某事)6in_turn轮流7break_out(坏事)突然发生，爆发8putinto_prison把关进监狱9stand_by坚持(某种说法)1sothat如此以至于When I turned up for my first jump I was so_nervous_that(如此紧张以至于) I tried to back out2seedoing看到正在做Why was Marco surprised to see_people_using_paper_money(看到人们正在使用纸币)?3although引导让步状语从句Although_people_enjoyed_reading_h

4、is_book(虽然人们喜欢读他的书), many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were4tooto太而不能many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too_fantastic_to_be_true(太离奇而不可信)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text1Marco was sent to do many important tasks _Abeca

5、use he was Kublai Khans friendBso that he could learn to speak more languages Cand then he gave Kublai Khan a good impressionDbecause he was clever enough to be an official2What hadnt Marco seen before he came to China?AGold BLarge hallsCPaper money DSilver3_ seemed strange to MarcoAThat the Hall co

6、uld be large enough to seat 6，000 people BThat people paid for goods with gold and silver CThat people used something he didnt know to burn for fuelDThat the Summer Palace could be so beautiful4After leaving China，Marco _Abecame a poor man Bfought in a warCdeclared a warDjoined the army and became a

7、 soldier答案：14DCCBMarco Polo and His TravelsMarco Polo was born in Italy in 1254When he was 17 years old, he travelled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the ChineseEventually， they arrived in Beijing At that time, China was ruled by the Yuan Dynasty Emperor， Kublai K

8、hanKublai Khan welcomed Marco and his father He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe Marco and his father were guests at the Emperors Palace Although Marco was young, he was very clever and could already speak four languages The Emperor was impressed by him and

9、they became friends He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to do many important tasks across the countryMarco, in turn， was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperors Palace, especially the Summer Palace which he described as “The grea

10、test palace that ever was The walls were covered in gold and silver and the Hall was so large it could easily seat 6，000 people for dinner”There were inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that timeMarco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper money in the

11、 marketsIn Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver He could not understand how people could pay for food and valuable things with paper! He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel The black stones were coal, but Marco had never seen coal before！trade v做买卖 n买卖；交易；

12、trade with sb in sth同某人做某方面的生意此处who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰his father。eventually adv最后，终于emperorempr n皇帝此处的不定式短语表示原因。impress vt给以深刻印象；be impressed by对印象深刻；impression n印象serve v为服务；任职courtkt n宫廷；法庭in turn轮流；by turns轮流地；take turns轮流；in return作为回报amazemeIz vt使惊愕(惊奇)；amazed adj吃惊的；amazing adj令人惊讶的；be amazed by/at对

13、感到惊讶especially adv尤其，特别；specially adv专门地which引导定语从句，修饰the Summer Palace。seat vt使就座；sit vi坐available adj可获得的which引导定语从句，修饰inventions and developments。此处的现在分词作宾补。pay for为付钱goodsdz n商品，物品confuseknfjuz vt使困惑；be confused by对感到困惑fuelfjl n燃料马可波罗和他的旅行1254年，马可波罗生于意大利。17岁时，他和爸爸周游了欧洲和亚洲。他爸爸想与中国人做生意。最后，他们来到北京。那

14、时，统治中国的是元朝的元世祖忽必烈。元世祖欢迎马可波罗和他父亲来中国。他见到两个外国人非常高兴，并想了解欧洲所有情况。马可波罗和他父亲是皇宫的贵宾。尽管马可很年轻，但他聪明伶俐，已会讲四种语言。皇帝对他印象很深，而且他们成为了朋友。他让马可波罗在朝中任职，并派他出国做许多重要的事。马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。北京和皇宫深深打动了他。尤其是颐和园，他描述为“绝无仅有的最雄伟的宫殿”墙壁都用金银包着，大厅大到可以轻松地容纳6千人一起用餐。在当时，中国的发明和发展是欧洲无法达到的。马可看到中国人在市场上用纸币，感到无比惊奇。在欧洲，人们用黄金或白银买东西。他不明白，人们如何能用纸买食物和贵重

15、的东西！他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。黑色石头是煤，但马可以前从未见过！ In 1291, after 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco returned to ItalyHe was now a very wealthy6 man Not long after his return, a local war broke out7near his town During the war, Marco was the captain of a warship but was caught by the enemy and put int

16、o prison8However, Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China9The prisoner was an author: and he took dictation;while Marco told all his stories to him The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World to be trueBut

17、 Marco always stood by? his talesJust before he died, aged 70, Marco was asked the question, “Was it all true？”，to which he repliedA，“I have only told a half of what I sawB！”wealthyweli adj富有的，富裕的；wealth n财富；丰富break out(坏事)突然发生，爆发putinto prison把关进监狱；be in prison被监禁who引导定语从句，修饰another prisoner。author

18、 n作者dictationdIkteIn n口述；听写此处是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文的a book。fantastic adj富于想象的stand by坚持(某种说法)；stand out 显眼；stand for代表aged adj岁的to which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the question。reply to回答what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。1291年，在朝中任职17年后，马可回到意大利。他现在是一位有钱人。他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发。战争中，马可是一支军舰的首领，但被敌人俘获关进了监狱。然而，马可很

19、幸运，他遇见另一名很爱听他讲中国故事的囚犯。这名囚犯是一名作家，马可给他讲故事的时候，他记下了马可的口述。后来，这名囚犯把故事写进一本叫马可波罗游记的书，这本书成为欧洲最畅销的一本书。虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可有关中国的故事太离奇而不可信。但马可总是坚持他所讲的故事是真的。他70岁快去世之前，有人问马可，“那都是真的吗？”，他回答，“我仅仅说了我看见的一半！” risk vt冒的危险；使遭受危险n危险，风险(教材P116)What makes people risk their lives to do them?是什么使人们冒着生命的危险做极限运动呢？(1)risk doing冒险做

20、(2)at risk 处于危险中at the risk of doing sth 冒做某事的危险run/take a risk/risks 冒险run/take the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的危险 New experiences often mean taking some risks新的实验通常意味着冒险。They knew they risked losing(lose) their jobs他们知道自己冒着失去工作的危险。We dont want to run the risk of losing their business我们不想冒险失去他们的生意。You

21、are running a big risk of driving(drive) so fast你开车这样快是在冒险。 various adj不同的，各种各样的(经典例句)Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons由于种种原因，每个来聚会的人都迟到了。(1)vary vi变化；使不同vary fromto 从到不同vary with 随着变化(2)variety n 变化，种类a variety of 多种多样的 The Internet makes us smarter over various kinds of things

22、网络通过多种多样的事情使我们更聪明。Teachers shall vary(various) their lessons to make them more interesting为了增加趣味，教师应该使自己的课多样化。The prices of some goods vary with the season某些商品的价格随着季节的变化而变动。The planning laws vary from town to town各个城镇的规划法各不相同。Students are offered a variety(vary) of courses in this school这个学校为学生开设各种课

23、程。 equipment n配备，设备(经典例句)You put on diving equipment and dive under a frozen lake你穿上潜水设备，潜入到冰冻的湖里。(1)a piece of equipment一件设备(2)equip vt 装备；配备equipwith 用来装备be equipped with 配有 This is a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen这是一件有用的厨房设备。We need to equip our children with some special skills我们需要使我们

24、的孩子具有一些特殊技能。Equipped(equip) with some food and drinks, the boys set off early带上食物和水，这些男孩很早就出发了。 The boss has equipped our workplace with a computer We are very happy to have such equipment To equip us with enough skills, we often use the new equipment to find some information preference n较喜欢的东西，偏爱(教

25、材P25)Use these words to write sentences about your preferences用这些单词写出关于你爱好的句子。(1)have a preference for偏爱in preference to 优先于；更喜欢(2)prefer v 更喜欢，宁愿prefer to do sth 更喜欢/宁愿做某事prefer sb to do sth 更喜欢某人做某事 Its really a matter of personal preference which you choose你选择哪一个纯粹是个人偏好的问题。The girl had a preferen

26、ce(prefer) for music while at college女孩在大学里时更喜欢音乐。Id choose the small car in preference to the larger one 我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。Do you prefer to_exercise(exercise) indoors or out of doors?你更喜欢室内锻炼还是室外锻炼呢？ amaze vt使惊愕(惊奇)(教材P26)Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was马可同时也被中国的美丽和

27、强大所震撼。(1)amazed adj吃惊的，惊异的be amazed at/by 对感到惊奇be amazed to do 做感到惊奇(2)amazing adj 令人吃惊的(3)amazement n 惊讶，惊奇to ones amazement 令某人惊讶的是 Eventually, I decided to follow her and what happened truly amazed me最后，我决定跟踪着她，接下来所发生的事情真的让我惊讶。I was amazed to_learn(learn) she was still writing her novel得知她仍然在写自己的

28、小说，我感到惊讶。We listened to her amazing(amaze) story with great attention我们全神贯注地倾听她讲的惊人故事。To my amazement(amaze), I got the first prize使我吃惊的是，我得了一等奖。To our amazement, he didnt feel amazed at the amazing news told by his mother confuse vt使困惑(教材P26)He was also confused by the black stones people used to b

29、urn for fuel他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。(1)confusewith把与混淆(2)confused adj 困惑的，不解的be confused by 被搞糊涂了(3)confusing adj 令人困惑的(4)confusion n 困惑，不解in confusion 困惑地，迷茫地 I read the poem again and was confused我又把这首诗读了一遍，感到非常困惑。I cant see how anyone could confuse you with another!我不明白怎么会有人把你和另外一个人搞混！The instruction

30、s on the box are very confusing(confuse)盒子上的使用说明令人费解。He gazed in confusion(confuse) at the strange sight他困惑地凝视着这种奇怪的景象。They confused me by asking so many confusing questions I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do quantity n量，数量(教材P27)He went to a city where iron

31、was produced in huge quantities他来到一个大量生产钢铁的城市。quantity and quality数量和质量a vast/large/small quantity of 大/少量的quantities of 大量，许多的in quantity/quantities 大量地，很多 There is only a small quantity of wine left只剩下很少一点酒了。It is a bad year for new films, in terms of both quantity_and_quality今年的新电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上

32、好。A large quantity of beer was sold yesterday昨天售出了大量的啤酒。“a quantity ofn”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致。而(large) quantities of修饰的无论是可数名词(单数或复数)还是不可数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。Quantities of food were(be) spread out on the table许多食品被摊放在桌子上。 turn up 出现，到场；调大，开大；找到，发现(教材P25)When I turned up for my first jump

33、I was so nervous that I tried to back out, but my friends persuaded me to go through with it当我第一次出现在蹦极现场时，我很紧张以至于试图退出，但是我的朋友们说服我跳了下去。turn down拒绝；调小(音量)turn in 上缴；上交turn off 关掉turn out 生产；证明是；出席(某项活动)；清空turn over 翻页；移交；反复思考；翻身turn to 转到；翻到；向求助 This is similar to waiting for a bus that never turns up这

34、就跟等待一辆永远等不到的公共汽车差不多。Bill would turn up the TV in the other room比尔会把另一个房间里的电视声音开大。I have to get up and turn off the radio我必须起床关上收音机。Before this I should have smiled and turned her down在这之前，我本该笑着拒绝她。 get across 使理解(某事)(教材P25)Its difficult to get across how exciting it is!很难理解这会有多刺激！get sthacross to sb

35、使某事被某人明白；向某人传达某事get aboutget aroundget round到处旅行(走动)；(消息、谣言等)传开get along/on (with) 进展；相处get over 恢复过来；克服；战胜get away (from) 逃脱；逃离；离开；摆脱；离题；跑题get through 熬过(困境)；接通电话；达到(标准)；通过(测试) He taught me how to get my idea across他教我怎么把我的想法表达得让人能够理解。We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous我们必须弄

36、清这个简单的事实：毒品是危险品。The news of their secret wedding soon got about他们秘密结婚的消息很快就传开了。Do you get on/along well with your aunt?你和姑母相处得好吗？I dialed the number, but I couldnt get through我拨了号码，但是打不通。 break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发(教材P26)Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town他返回之后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆

37、发。break down出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 强行闯入；突然起来break up 解散；打碎；驱散 The Second World War broke out in September，1939第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。A quarrel broke_out between them when he told lies to her他向她撒了谎，两人吵了起来。The thief broke_into my house and stole my money小偷破门而入我家，偷了我的钱。The computer

38、system broke_down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet我正在网上搜信息时电脑系统突然出故障了。 stand by 坚持(某种说法)；袖手旁观；支持(教材P26)But Marco always stood by his tales但是马可总是坚持他所讲的故事是真的。stand for代表stand out 突出；醒目stand down 辞职；退下 We cant just stand by and watch her die我们不能袖手旁观，看着她死去。I dont know what

39、 the letter stands for我并不知道这个字母代表什么。Their old orange car stood out from all the rest他们那辆橙色的旧车比其他轿车都醒目。She will be standing down as president at the end of the year年末她将从主席的职位上退下来。 (教材P26)Although Marco was young，he was very clever and could already speak four languages尽管马可很年轻，但他聪明伶俐，已会讲四种语言。(1)句中的Alt

40、hough引导让步状语从句。although引导让步状语从句时，不和but连用，但可与yet, still 连用，常置于主句之前。(2)although/though/as引导让步状语从句的用法区别：although须放在从句句首；though位置较灵活，可用于倒装结构；as必须用倒装结构。 I dont really like the author，although I admit his books are very exciting尽管我承认他的书令人兴奋，但是我的确不喜欢那位作者。Although he was ill，he still worked hard他虽然生病了，但仍努力工作

41、。Child as/though he was，he did quite well他虽是个孩子，但干得很好。巧学活用单句改错(1)Although I dont like him, but I often help him去掉but(2)Young although she is, she knows a lot about italthoughas/though (教材P26)Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantas

42、tic to be true虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可有关中国的故事太离奇而不可信。句中的tooto表示“太而不能”。(1)can never/cant动词tooto意为“再也不过分”。(2)tooto结构常可转换为“soadj/advthatclause”结构。(3)在tooto结构中，若用ready，anxious，eager，glad，willing等形容词，则该结构不表示否定意义。 The shoes are too badly broken to be mended那些鞋子破烂得不能修补。The box is too heavy for me to_carry(carry)

43、箱子太沉，我搬不动。Hes too experienced an artist to_mind(mind) what the critics say他是一个经验丰富的艺术家，不会介意批评家说些什么。He is too old to do that work他年龄太大了，做不了那项工作。Im too glad to_see(see) you again再次见到你我很高兴。巧学活用句型转换The girl is so weak that she cant carry the bagThe girl isnt_strong_enough_to_carry_the_bagThe girl is_too

44、_weak_to_carry_the_bag 品句填词1There are many points of _(相似性) between the two men答案：similarity2Dont go doing anything _(极端的) like leaving the country答案：extreme3She _(冒的危险) her life to save the drowning child答案：risked4There has been snow today in _(不同的) parts of the country答案：various5Do you have enough

45、 _(设备) to do the job?答案：equipment6I was _(使困惑) by the puzzle presented by my teacher答案：confused7Consumers need to spend more on food than _(燃料)答案：fuel8He is a _(富有的) businessman答案：wealthy9This company is more concerned with quality than with _(数量)答案：quantity10It _(使惊愕) her that he could be so calm a

46、t such a time答案：amazed 单句改错1From his expression, I could tell that he was confusing_答案：confusingconfused2Most of us in our class went to see the amazed performance_答案：amazedamazing3Large quantities of food was wasted by the company_答案：waswere4Will you risk lose your job by telling him the truth？_答案：

47、loselosing5A lot of equipments will be sent to the new school soon_答案：equipmentsequipment 完成句子1这条街太窄，大型货车不能通过。The road is _ allow the passage of trucks答案：too narrow to2当时我不知道那件事，不过我后来知道了。I did not know that then; I learned it later, _答案：though3他走得太慢，不能按时到达那儿。He walks _ get there on time答案：too slowly

48、 to4英语太难，我学不好。English is _ learn well答案：too difficult for me to5即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。Well go hiking _答案：even though/if the weather is badA卷 单句语法填空1Stupid _ it sounds, I was so in love with her that I believed her答案：though/as2He was _ poor to buy a new coat答案：too3If you stick to these bad habits, you will

49、risk _(lose) your health答案：losing4All of them arrive late for a _(vary) of reasons答案：variety5To his _(amaze)，the bee began to perform a dance答案：amazement6The driver got _(confuse) at the road signs答案：confused7Parents should not show _(prefer) for any one of their children答案：preference8Shes not worth

50、 _(get) angry with答案：getting9Small quantities of poison _(be) detected in the dead mans stomach答案：were10He has not turned _ ever since we lent him money答案：up 阅读理解AWhy do we dream？Its a question researchers have been studying for years Now new research suggests that some dreams may result from the br

51、ains effort to keep learning, even as we sleepIn a study in Boston, 100 volunteers were trained for an hour on a maze(迷宫)They tried to find their way through the difficult puzzle as quickly as possible Then half of the volunteers were allowed to sleep for 90 minutes The other half stayed awake, read

52、ing or relaxing The ones who slept were asked to describe their dreams when they woke upAfter the rest, the volunteers were asked again to solve the maze Those who hadnt slept showed no improvement or did even worse after the break Sleepers who didnt report any maze related dreams did better but sho

53、wed only a little improvement However, four naptakers who reported dreaming about the maze showed a surprising improvement They scored 10 times higher after sleeping and dreaming about the mazeEven though the number of dreamers was small, the researchers noted that the gap in learning between the dr

54、eamers and nondreamers was so wide that the finding was significant(有意义的)The dreamers had all performed poorly on the test before dreaming about it That suggests that struggling with a task might be the trigger that leads the sleeping brain to focus on it and work on how to deal with it“Its almost a

55、s if your brain is going through everything that happened today，”Dr Stickgold，a scientist at Harvard Medical School, said “The things youre obsessed (迷住) with are the ones that your brain forces you to continue to do with”【解题导语】本文说明了通过研究发现的“做梦是在学习”的事实。1Whats the best title for this passage?ALearning

56、 While You DreamBWhat Dreams Stand ForCDream a Good DreamDDreams and HealthA解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段第三句Now new research suggests that some dreams may result from the brains effort to keep learning, even as we sleep可知，做梦是在学习。故选A项。2What were the volunteers asked to do after the rest?ATo work on a new mazeBTo co

57、ntinue to do the mazeCTo talk with each other about their dreamsDTo tell what they thought about the mazeB解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句After the rest, the volunteers were asked again to solve the maze可知，只是继续走迷宫。故选B项。3According to the study, which group showed the greatest improvement?AThose who didnt sleepBThos

58、e who slept but didnt dreamCThose who dreamed about the maze while sleepingDThose who thought about the maze before falling asleepC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句中的four naptakers who reported dreaming about the maze showed a surprising improvement可知，睡觉时梦到迷宫的那些人展示出最大的提高。故选C项。4The underlined word “trigger” in Par

59、agraph 5 probably means “_”AchanceBcauseCway DideaB解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段最后一句leads the sleeping brain to focus on it and work on how to deal with it可知，导致睡眠的大脑集中在这个任务上，致力于怎样处理它。所以，这可能是努力于一个任务的起因。故选B项。BDo you want a bit of an adventure? Would you like to discover all the corners of the UK, or travel abroad?

60、 Maybe you have never tried the motor home lifestyle before Well, read this article and you will know why a motor home is a good choiceNothing is better than a motor home It has so many uses that it is considered the most versatile vehicle and it is also very comfortable If you are thinking about hi

61、ring a motor home this summer, then the best choice is to book it early, especially if you are considering the school holidays The motor home hire service is very seasonal and motor home hire companies will never have extra vehicles available in the summer monthsThere are a lot of companies througho

62、ut the UK, and some of the big ones have motor homes spread all over the country At present, the largest network for motor home hire is provided by Motor home which is based in Cambridge If you are in the UK, you may phone 08006128719 for details of its motor home hire information Motor home has a n

63、etwork of over 500 vehicles all over England, Scotland and WalesMost people wishing to hire a motor home are families that are looking for an alternative to a European package holiday, especially as flying now has become more expensive, and is considered to be environmentally unfriendly There is no

64、doubt that the idea of nofly holidays is going to become more popular as fewer people think it is safe to fly This explains why more and more people are choosing to hire a motor home for their holidays【解题导语】本文介绍了房车的种种好处。5The main purpose of this text is to explain why it is a good idea to _Atake an

65、adventureBtravel to EnglandCtry a new lifestyle Dhire a motor homeD解析：本文在第一段点出主题：Well, read this article and you will know why a motor home is a good choice下文分别介绍了房车的种种好处。6What does the underlined word “versatile” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AFast BSafeCUseful DExcitingC解析：词义猜测题。根据文中的It has so many

66、 uses that it is considered可知，它有那么多用处，所以被认为是最有用的交通工具。故选C项。7Why should you book a motor home early if you want to book one for this summer?ABooking early is much cheaperBSummer is usually a very busy seasonCYou can arrange your time better this wayDStudents usually book them to earn moneyB解析：细节理解题。根据

67、文中的The motor home hire service is very seasonal and motor home hire companies will never have extra vehicles available in the summer months可知，在夏天租用房车的人很多。8The last paragraph tells us the advantages of hiring a motor home by _Atelling us a storyBgiving detailed dataCcomparing it with flyingDshowing t

68、he results of a studyC解析：推理判断题。根据文中的especially as flying now has become more expensive等可知，最后一段主要是比较房车和飞机来说明房车的优势。 七选五Faces, like fingerprints, are unique(独一无二的) Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people？1_Yet a very young childor even an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to r

69、ecognize faces We all take this for granted2_When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others Like the human face, human personality is very complex But describing someones personality in words

70、 is somewhat easier than describing his face3_But if you were asked to describe a “nice person”，you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forthThere are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts Gordon Airport, an American psychologist,

71、 found nearly 18，000 English words characterizing differences in peoples behavior4_Bookworms, conservatives, military typespeople are described with such termsPeople have always tried to “type” each other Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villains or

72、 the heros role In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask” Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks5_AIf you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looks like, you probably would have a difficult time doing soBBut we can easily tell

73、the “good guys” from the “bad buys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actionsCWe also tell people apart by how they behaveDPeople have difficulty in describing the features of fingerprintsE And many of us use this information as a basis for describing，or typing ones personalit

74、yF Experts say that actors differ in their behavioral and physical characteristics in actingG Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another1G解析：根据上文“Faces, like fingerprints, are unique(独一无二的)Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us

75、 to recognize people？”，可知，人们的面容如指纹一样是独一无二的，即使优秀的作家也很难描述出一个人的全部面部特征，从而与其他人区分开，故选G项。2C解析：根据下文“When we talk about someones personality，we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others”可推知，人们通过行为方式的不同而进行区别彼此，故选C项。3A解析：根据上文“But describing

76、someones personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face”并呼应下文“But if you were asked to describe a nice person， you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth”可知，此处对品格与面容进行类比，故选A项。4E解析：根据下文“Bookworms, conservatives, military typespeopl

77、e are described with such terms”可知，这些术语都是用来描述人们的个性或给人们划分类别的，故选E项。5B解析：根据上文“Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villains or the heros role”并结合“Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks”可推知，现在电视和电影演员不带面具，但我们能容易地区分出“好人”和“坏人”，这是因为他们的角色在行为与相

78、貌上不同，故选B项。B卷 阅读理解Is there anything more important than health？I dont think so You cant be good at your studies or work when you are ill If you have a headache，or a bad cough，if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold，I think you should go to the doctorThe doctor will examine your throat，feel

79、your pulse，take your temperature，sound your heart and lungs After that he will advise some treatment，or some medicine The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice Speaking of doctors advice, I cant help telling you a funny story An old man came to see the doctor The man was very ill He told

80、 the doctor about his weakness，memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his diseaseHe told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good restHe also advised him to eat a lot of meat，drink two glasses of red

81、wine every day and take long walks In other words，the doctor advised him to follow the rule：“Eat at pleasure，drink with measure and enjoy life as it is”The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again，he shouldnt smoke more than one cigarette a dayA month later the gentleman came into th

82、e doctors office He looked cheerful and happy He thanked the doctor and said that he_had_never_felt_a_healthier_man“But you know，doctor，”he said，“its not easy to begin smoking at my age”【解题导语】作者认为健康很重要，并讲述了一个与健康有关的有趣的故事。1The writer thinks that _Ahealth is more important than wealthBwork is as import

83、ant as studiesCmedicine is more important than pleasureDnothing is more important than moneyA解析：细节理解题。根据文中的Is there anything more important than health? I dont think so说明作者认为健康比什么都重要。故选A项。2The doctor usually tells his patient what to do _Awithout examining the patientBafter he has examined the patie

84、ntCif the patient doesnt take medicineDunless the patient feels painB解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease说明医生是在检查了以后才会对病人说一些具体的治疗方案。3The underlined part means “_”Ahe was feeling better than everBhe wasnt a healthy manChe was feeling worse than befo

85、reDhe will be well againA解析：推理判断题。根据本段He looked cheerful and happy He thanked the doctor and said that he_had_never_felt_a_healthier_man说明他的状况很好，他是来感谢医生的，说明他现在很健康，比以往的任何时候都感觉好。故选A项。4From the last sentence of the passage，we learn the man _ before the doctor told him not to smoke more than one cigaret

86、te a dayAwas a heavy smokerBdidnt smoke so muchCdidnt smoke Dbegan to learn to smokeC解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“But you know, doctor，” he said, “its not easy to begin smoking at my age”说明这个病人以前是不抽烟的。故C正确。 完形填空Mary and her husband Jim had a dog named “Lucky”Whenever friends visited Mary and Jim, they would _1

87、_ their friends not to leave their luggage open _2_ Lucky would steal treasures and put them in his toy box in the _3_It happened that Mary found out that she had a _4_The night before she was to go to the hospital, she thought, “If I die, Lucky will be abandoned(抛弃)Lucky wont understand that I dont

88、 want to _5_him” The thought made her sadder than thinking of her own_6_The operation was _7_， but Mary had to stay in the hospital for three weeks_8_ the day came for Mary to leave the hospitalWhen she arrived home, Mary was so _9_ that she couldnt even make up to her bedroomJim made his wife comfo

89、rtable on the _10_ and left her to sleepLucky stood watching Mary but he didnt come to her when she _11_It made Mary sadBut _12_ soon overcame her and she fell asleepWhen Mary woke, she couldnt understand what was wrongShe couldnt _13_ her head and her body on the couch, and she felt _14_ and hotBut

90、 she laughed happily when she _15_ the problemShe was covered with every treasure Lucky owned!While she had slept, the sad dog had made trip after trip to the basement _16_ his beloved mistress(女主人) all his favorite things in lifeHe had _17_ her with his loveMary forgot about dying_18_， she and Luck

91、y began living again, _19_ further and further together every dayIts been 12 years now and Mary is still cancerfreeLucky？He still steals treasures, but Mary _20_ his greatest treasure1AadviseBpersuadeCwarn DforceC解析：因为“幸运” 喜欢“偷” 东西， 所以夫妇俩总会告诫来访的朋友不要把行李敞开着， 此处用“warn” 一词还具有幽默调侃的意味。2Aafter BwhileCwhen

92、DbecauseD解析：前后为因果关系， 空后是说明夫妇俩之所以这样做的原因， 故选D。3Abasement BbedroomCkitchen DyardA解析：本空根据倒数第二段“the sad dog had made trip after trip to the basement” 可知答案为A, “幸运” 是把东西藏在地下室的玩具箱里。4Acold BcancerCheadache DstomachacheB解析：从下文 Mary 为此想到了死并且还到医院做了手术住院三周可知这不是感冒之类的小毛病， 再从最后一段“Mary is still cancerfree” 可知 Mary 有一

93、天查出自己患了癌症。故选B。5Akeep BloseCpunish DleaveD解析：注意此处的时态， 本处是在描述 Mary 当时的心理活动， 她在想： “幸运” 不会明白我不愿意离它而去(因为她想到自己可能会死)。D项符合句意。6Apain BsadnessCbusiness DdeathD解析：由上文“If I die” 可知本句是说： 这一想法让 Mary 感觉比想到自己死还要难受。故选D。7Asuccessful BexpensiveCdifficult DpainfulA解析：从后文 Mary 出院回家并且活了十二年， 癌症没有夺去她的生命可知手术很成功。故选A。8AGradua

94、lly BFinallyCUnluckily DNaturallyB解析：Mary 在医院里治疗了三个星期， 最后终于迎来了出院回家的日子。故选B。9Afrightened BdisappointedCtired DexcitedC解析：从后文 Mary 在沙发上昏昏睡去可知此处是说进了家门后， Mary 如此精疲力竭甚至连走进自己卧室的力气都没有了。故选C。10Afloor BchairCbed DcouchD解析：从下一段“She couldnt _ her head and her body on the couch” 可知 Jim 是把妻子安顿在沙发上，让她睡一会儿。故选D。11Agr

95、eeted BsmiledCcalled DcriedC解析：“幸运” 站在那里注视着 Mary, 当 Mary 呼喊它的时候， 它并没有凑上前去， 这使得 Mary很难过， 此处用 greet (问候)不妥， 应是 Mary 招呼“幸运”到跟前去。故选C。12Asleep BpainCdisappointment DangerA解析：上文讲 Mary 非常疲劳， 下文有“She fell asleep” 和“When Mary woke” 这些信息， 由此可知此处是说“但很快睡意袭来”。故选A。13Ashake BmoveCraise DcontrolB解析：依据后文“幸运” 把自己最珍爱的

96、所有“宝贝”都给心爱的女主人搬来给她盖上可知此处应是讲由于她被这么多东西“盖”住了， 所以她感觉到在沙发上，头和身体动弹不得。若用raise和head搭配，raise the head含有“look up”的意思， 即抬起头往上看， 同时也无法同后面的body搭配， 不妥。故选B。14Ahard BworriedCheavy DnervousC解析：因为身上压了这么多东西， 所以她感觉很沉很闷热。故选C。15Acaused BsawCsolved DrealizedD解析：根据语境， 是“当她认识到问题出在哪儿时， 不由得开心地笑了起来”。故选D。16Ashowing BreturningCt

97、aking DbringingD解析：她睡着的时候， 这条悲伤的狗一次又一次地跑到地下室， 把自己最珍爱的所有“宝贝” 都给心爱的女主人搬来了。take 意为“带去， 拿走”， 指把某物从说话者所在地拿走， bring 的意思正相反， 故C不妥。D符合句意。17Aclosed BprotectedCcovered DburiedC解析：因为“幸运” 的这一行为表明了它对 Mary 的爱， 所以作者把“它用玩具把女主人盖了起来” 说成了“它用爱把女主人盖了起来”， 写得含蓄巧妙。故选C。18AInstead BHoweverCCertainly DSurelyA解析：Mary 不再想着会死的事，

98、 而是和“幸运” 重新开始了新的生活。在讲完不做某件事后， 若紧接着讲做另一特定的事情， 常用 instead, however 没有此用法。故选A。19Ahiking BwalkingCrunning DgoingB解析：Mary 和“幸运” 每天都一起出去散步， 走得越来越远。每天跑或徒步旅行不合常理或不合Mary 的身体状况。B符合文意。20Aremains BbecomesCturns DseemsA解析：从全文来看， 应是“幸运” 以前最爱 Mary, 视她为自己最珍贵的“宝贝”， 现在每天待在一起， “而 Mary 依然是它最珍贵的宝贝”。因为自始至终是这样， 所以用B或C不正确，

99、 只有A项表示状态的始终如一。 语法填空As an old English saying goes，“honesty is the best policy” It is more than an old clich(陈词滥调), but 1_ good way to live your lifeFirst, honesty is the 2_(easy) choice that we can make When people get caught in lies, it always costs them something Many relationships are destroyed b

100、y liesSecond, honesty gives us much 3_(free) Many people believe that being honest limits them in life, but that is not true Sooner or later those dishonest people 4_(pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are 5_(true) freeIf there were two people 6_(stand) before you,

101、a person with a record of being honest and a person 7_ is known to be dishonest, who would you be more likely 8_(believe)? Im sure most people would side with the honest person9_ we live in the truth or we live in lies Truth sets us free and lies leave us in nothing but more troubles Honesty is a ch

102、oice that we make each day The choice is 10_(you) What will you choose?1a解析：考查冠词的用法。此处表示泛指，“一种好方法”。2easiest解析：考查形容词的用法。句意：诚实是我们能做的最容易的选择。前面的the也决定只能用easiest。3freedom解析：考查词性转换。此处是作gives的宾语，故用名词形式。freedom n自由。 4will pay解析：考查动词的时态。sooner or later是迟早的意思，所以该空用一般将来时态。5truly解析：考查词性转换。修饰形容词应当用副词。 6standing解析：考查非谓语动词。此空在there were people后面，说明要用非谓语，根据动词与people的逻辑关系确定用现在分词standing。7who/that解析：考查定语从句。定语从句先行词为人“person”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who/that引导。8to believe解析：考查非谓语动词。该空与be likely搭配使用，该用to do形式。9Either解析：考查连词的用法。eitheror表示“要么要么”。10yours解析：考查代词的用法。“这就是你的选择”，用名词性物主代词作表语，代表“your choice”。