2022届新高考英语北师大版一轮学案：重难语法课（5）——非谓语动词 WORD版含答案.doc

1、重难语法课(5)非谓语动词 语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce this English speech contest. As we all know, to master a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part in an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn

2、English. Everyone wants to show their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking ability, developing a good habit of learning English.In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made by us. First, you should make your voice heard

3、clearly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary. Second, you should try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied with our per

4、formance. Thank you!用法体悟to introduce this English speech contest是不定式短语作真正的主语，it是形式主语。to master a foreign language是不定式短语作主语。Taking part in English speech是动名词短语作主语。to learn English是不定式短语作定语，修饰way。to show their best是不定式短语作宾语。listening and speaking是动名词作定语，修饰ability，表示类别。developing a good habit of learni

5、ng English是现在分词短语作状语。learning English是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。made by us是过去分词短语作后置定语。heard clearly by everyone是过去分词短语作宾补。reading aloud是动名词短语作主语。to express yourself in English fluently是不定式短语作目的状语。satisfied是分词形容词，在句中作表语，意为“感到满意的”。 系统中整合规则非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词与过去分词)。(一)动词不定式的用法及构成不定式由“to动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to动

6、词原形”。不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，常用句式：It is/wasadj.for/of sb. to do sth.。To see is to believe.眼见为实。It is important for us to live a low carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。2作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine, lea

7、rn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, helpWe agreed to meet at the school gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。(2)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。We think it our duty to protect the environ

8、ment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。3作表语不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是进入北京大学。4作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。Father will not allow us to play in the str

9、eet.父亲将不会允许我们在街上玩耍。(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三使(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。Nobody saw him come in. (主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank. (被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。5作定语(1)序数词、最高级或no, all, any等修饰的名词后常用不定式

10、作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(2)某些抽象名词后，如ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等常用动词不定式作定语。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。名师指津(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。(2

11、)如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。6作状语(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能置于句首。To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.为了提高社区服务水平，一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者计

12、划。(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，有时前面加only，以加强语气。常用于下列结构中：only to do表示意想不到的结果enough to do 足够做too . to do 太而不能so/such . as to . 如此以至于(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因，常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。Maggie w

13、as glad to be home in her own bed.玛吉很高兴回到家躺在自己的床上。7动词不定式的时态和语态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生to doto be done进行式在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行to be doing完成式在谓语动词的动作之前发生to have doneto have been done完成进行式发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行to have been doing (二)动名词的用法及构成动名词是由动词ing形式构成的，它在句中起名词作用。1作主语动名词短语作主语时，有

14、时用it作形式主语，常用句式为：It is/was a waste (of .)/no use/no good doing sth.。Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.听别人对你刚读过的这本书的反应会带来额外的乐趣。2作表语动名词作表语表示通常的情况，多指抽象的、经常性的动作，句子主语通常是无生命的事物或由what引导的名词性从句。My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。3作宾语(1)下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语，请

15、牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡forbid, imagine, risk; cant help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escapeHe tried to avoid answering m

16、y questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。(2)由“动词介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有：be/get used to (习惯于), look forward to (期盼), feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote . to . (致力于), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。Its time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名

17、词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：4作定语动名词作定语通常表示被修饰的名词的用途、性能或目的。a walking sticka stick for walking 手杖a sleeping cara car for sleeping 卧铺车5动名词的时态和语态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生doingbeing done完成式先于谓语动词的动作完成having donehaving been done (三)分词的用法和构成分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语为逻辑上

18、的动宾关系，且含有完成的意义。1作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。分词作状语用法作时间状语相当于when, while, before等引导的时间状语从句。作原因状语相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果。作方式或伴随状语表示一个与谓语动作同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开。作让步状语相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。2作表语表示事物

19、的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人或物的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。3作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。I have never

20、 seen a more moving film.我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影了。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Toms.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。boiling water 正沸腾的水boiled water 开水4作宾语补足语(1)感官动词或短语see, watch, observe, look at, listen to, notice及keep, find等词

21、可跟分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。I saw him entering the bank. (him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)我看见他正进入银行。I saw him operated on. (him与operate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)我看见(有人)给他做了手术。(2)have, get后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。They had the fire burning all night. (burn动作一直在进行)他们让火整夜烧着。I will have m

22、y bike repaired tomorrow. (让别人去修)明天我要让人修一下我的自行车。5现在分词的时态和语态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生doingbeing done完成式先于谓语动词的动作完成having donehaving been done (四)独立主格结构独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，也可以作定语。1名词/代词(主格)非谓语动词Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit的逻辑主语是weat

23、her而非we)如果天气允许，我们明天就进行比赛。2名词/代词(主格)名词/形容词/副词/介词短语The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.学生们正在进行讨论，因为激动，他们的脸都红了。The boy came in, book in his hand.男孩走进来，手里拿着书。名师指津为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也常省略。(五)with/without宾语(名词/代词)宾语补足语with/without名词/代词 集训中明晰考点(1)动词不定式作状语，表示目的、

24、结果、原因等；(2)动词ing形式作状语，常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系；(3)动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而动词ing 形式作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果；(4)过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。但有些形容词化的过去分词或短语既不表被动，也不表完成，而是表示一种状态，如lost (迷路的)，seated (坐着的)，hidden (隐瞒的)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)等；(5)独立成分作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响。常用的有considering .(鉴于；考虑到)；generally speak

25、ing(总的来说); judging by/from .(从来看；依据来判断); supposing that .(假定); providing that .(假定); to tell the truth(说实话)；to be honest(老实说)等。 考点1非谓语动词作状语1(2020浙江1月高考)The first is declining birth rates，which means old generations are large (compare) to younger generations，and so，on average，the population becomes o

26、lder than before.解析：compared结合句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，且compare与逻辑主语old generations是动宾关系，故填compared。compared to是固定结构，意为“与相比”。2(2020天津7月高考改编) (help) us prepare for the exam，the teacher suggested reading through our notes.解析：To help句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议我们通读笔记。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。3(2020天津7月高考改编)The dancers incredible pe

27、rformance had the audience on its feet (clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.解析：clapping句意：这位舞蹈演员的演出精彩绝伦，使观众在演出结束时站起来鼓掌达10分钟之久。句中的the audience与clap之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，构成have sb. doing sth.(让某人持续做某事)结构。4(2020天津5月高考改编) (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954,

28、 inspired the imagination of the world.解析：Completed句意：帝国大厦于1931年竣工，是1954年以前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。complete与句子主语the Empire State Building之间是动宾关系，且动作已完成，因此用过去分词作状语。5(2020天津5月高考改编)The local government doesnt have to sacrifice environmental protection (promote) economic growth.解析：to promote句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增

29、长而牺牲环境保护。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。考点2非谓语动词作定语(1)不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作；(2)分词作定语，单个的词放在所修饰的名词前(left 等除外)，短语放在所修饰的名词后。现在分词表示其动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生，过去分词表示其动作已经完成或没有时间性；在逻辑上被修饰的名词与现在分词是主谓关系，与过去分词是被动关系；(3)动名词作定语，只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作，被修饰的名词与动词ing形式在逻辑上没有主谓关系；(4)to be done, being done, done 均可用作定语，且都表示

30、被动意义，其区别在于：to be done 表示将来，being done 表示目前正在发生，done 表示过去已经发生。1(2020全国卷)They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：coming空处作非谓语动词，而且the earth与come是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，相当于which comes .。2(2020浙江7月高考)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of tech

31、nology (change) lives.解析：to change句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology，故填to change。3(2020江苏高考改编)Technological innovations， (combine) with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products.解析：combined句意：技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。该句的谓语是will promote，故此处要填非谓语动词。句子主语Technological innovat

32、ions与combine之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。4(2020北京高考)And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.解析：designed分析句子结构可知，teeth和design为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词designed。5(2019全国卷)When we got a call (say)she was shortlisted, we thought it wa

33、s a joke.解析：saying结合句意分析句子结构可知“ (say)she was shortlisted”作定语修饰前面的名词a call，且say与a call之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用v.ing形式。考点3非谓语动词作宾语(1)当like, love, hate, prefer与would, should连用时，其后只能接不定式；(2)当begin, start本身为进行时态或后接know, realize, understand等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式；(3)表示“需要”的need, want和require后接动词ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动式都可以；(4

34、)介词后接动词作宾语，通常要用动名词，但表示“除外”的介词but和except后接动词作宾语要用不定式。若前面有行为动词do，其后的不定式不带to；若前面没有行为动词do，则其后的不定式通常带to。 1(2020全国卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the wellknown painter.解析：to findset out to do开始做，为固定搭配。2(2020新高考全国卷)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulat

35、ions(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or (walk) through a rainforest.解析：walking连词or连接living和walking。3(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are hig

36、her than they actually are.解析：noting根据空格前的介词by可知，此处用动名词形式，故填noting。4(2019全国卷) A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be) Britains oldest fulltime employee still working 40 hours a week.解析：beingfor为介词，故其后的动词应用v.ing形式。5(2018全国卷)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your r

37、isk of (die)early by running.解析：dying介词后用动词的ing形式。 考点4非谓语动词作宾语补足语(1)分词作补语时，要看其与句子宾语之间的关系。被动关系用过去分词作补语， 主动关系用现在分词作补语；(2)动词不定式作宾补时需注意：一感、二听、三使、五看，即：feel, hear, listen to, let, make, have, see, watch, observe, notice, look at后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补。1(2020全国卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (d

38、ecorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.解析：decoratedsee sth. done“看到某物被做”，此处表示“看到礼物装饰着红包和祝福好运的信息”。them与decorate是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。2(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.解析：surroundingthe soft

39、clouds与surround之间是主动关系，且表示正在发生的情景，故用现在分词形式。3(2018全国卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay) and watch.解析：to stayallow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。4(2017全国卷) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for sev

40、eral other bodily functions.解析：to processrequire sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。考点5非谓语动词作主语和表语(1)非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作；it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。(2)非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。形容词化的分词作表语，动词ing形式表示“令人感到的”，动词ed形式表示“感到的”。1(2019全国卷) On our way to the house, it was r

41、aining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take (get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.解析：to get分析句子结构可知how long it would take .为宾语从句，其中包含着it would take sb.时间to do不定式结构，表示做某事花费某人多少时间，故填to get。2(2021哈尔滨模拟)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them lo

42、oked very anxious and (disappoint)解析：disappointedlooked后面为表语部分，此处指一些人看起来很焦急、很失望。故填disappointed。3(2021厦门模拟) (offer) the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.解析：Being offered分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语为made，故其前的内容在句中作主语，且offer与其逻辑主语I之间为动宾关系。故此处用动词ing的被动形式作主语。4(2021太原模拟)Its no use (regr

43、et) what you have done.解析：regrettingits no use/good . 和theres no use/ good .中都用动名词作真正的主语。考点6独立主格结构和with复合结构(1)独立主格结构：名词/主格代词(作逻辑主语)不定式/分词/形容词/副词/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)；with复合结构：with名词/代词(作逻辑主语)不定式/分词/形容词/副词/介词短语(作逻辑谓语)；(2)这两种结构中，动词不定式表示动作未发生，现在分词表示动作正在进行且与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，过去分词表示动作已完成且与逻辑主语之间是被动关系。 1(2020北京高考)The pr

44、oblem of phone addiction (瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists (try) to increase awareness about this problem.解析：trying此处是with复合结构作状语，experts and psychologists和try为逻辑上的主谓关系且表示正在进行，故用try的现在分词形式trying。2(2021广东梅州模拟)When they got there, the village seemed deserted,

45、the only sign of life (be) one or two dogs lying under the tree.解析：being分析句子结构可知，“When they . seemed deserted”为完整的句子，其与第二个逗号后的内容之间没有连词连接，且前后主语不一致，所以后面的内容是独立主格结构。此处表示主动意义，故用现在分词。3(2021南京模拟)No agreement (reach), the representatives wanted another round of talks.解析：reached分析句子结构可知，逗号前后两部分之间没有连词，且前后主语不一

46、致，“the representatives .talks”为完整的句子，故逗号前的部分为独立主格结构；且reach与其逻辑主语agreement之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词reached。 自测中查漏补缺.单句语法填空1(2021乐山二模)The study also found response speeds to be affected, with students who had their phones on the desk responding (respond) more slowly in highpace tests.2For example, the proverb,

47、“plucking up a crop to help (help) it grow”， is based on the following story.3(2022赤峰高三模拟)One weekend, Roberta Ursreys family went to the seaside for a travel.At first, everything went well.But suddenly, Roberta Ursrey saw her two sons struggling (struggle) against the tide 100 yards out from shore.

48、4My mom and dad tried to help by giving (give) me simulated (模拟的) interviews one after another.5(2021福州八县联考)However, in the arranged (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.6He wa

49、s reported to have received(receive) 80,000 yuan for offering a fourChinesecharacter answer on a payforknowledge platform.7(2020滨州模拟)As it was too deep to climb (climb)down, I hanged my gun to one of the men and slid down it.8(2020邯郸模拟)If your friendship is going through huge tests, you may find you

50、rself confused, lonely, and angry at the same time.Here are simple ways to keep (keep) your nearly lost friendship alive.单句改错1Though I had difficulty walk back to my classroom, I still didnt tell anyone or even refused the offer of help from my classmates.walkwalking2After buy the tickets, we got in

51、to a boat.We went around seeing the beautiful sight.buybuying3Many people usually think that listen to music is nice but not very important.listenlistening4The park was full of beauty, with the sun shining and birds sing.singsinging5When you arrive, there will be a party for you organizing by my cla

52、ssmates.organizingorganized6Seen my words in print makes me extremely proud.SeenSeeing.语法填空(2021福州高三模拟)For a long time bats 1 (be) one of the most fearful creatures in the animal kingdom. Many pop culture associations with them are 2 (relate) to vampires (吸血鬼). Though these associations are complete

53、 misunderstandings, bats do have a dark side as a 3 (danger) disease vector (介体). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats. However, the fact is 4 bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.Many organic farmers have learned about the b

54、enefits of 5 (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown bat about 6 size of a human thumb can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic, almost essential 7 (add) to pest management on any fa

55、rm.Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bats contributions 8 pest management save the country 9 (rough) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them, we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food produc

56、tion, which would eventually make 10 (it) way into our weekly grocery bills.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了蝙蝠在保持生态平衡及经济方面的重要作用。1have been考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“For a long time”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为bats，所以填have been。2related考查固定搭配。be related to意为“与有关”，故填related。3dangerous考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous。4that考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从

57、句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。5having考查动名词。此处表示许多实行有机栽培的农民已经了解到(农场)附近有蝙蝠的好处。根据空前的介词“of”可知，此处用having。6the考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。the size of意为“的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。7addition考查名词。根据空前的形容词”essential”并结合语境可知，此处用名词addition“添加物”。8to考查介词。此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献，所以填介词to。9roughly考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献为美国每年节省大约37亿美元。分析句子可

58、知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰数词。roughly意为“大约，差不多”。10its考查代词。根据空后的名词“way”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。.短文改错Nowadays，lots of people went running in their spare time.Some people want to lose weight when others run to keep up fit.Unfortunately, running is not always popularly among young people at school.In some school when

59、it rains and its too wet to play football or basketball, children have no choice but do crosscountry running instead.However, some students dislike do it.Running is beneficial to us physically and mentally, so we call it the healthy activity.You will find that even short runs can increase you energy and make you more likely to enjoy that life has to offer.So lets do running every day.答案：第一句：wentgo第二句：whenwhile; 去掉keep后的up第三句：popularlypopular第四句：schoolschools; but后加to第五句：dodoing第六句：thea第七句：energy前的youyour; 第二个thatwhat15