2022届高考人教版英语一轮学案：必修5 UNIT 1　GREAT SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Unit 1Great scientists话题：走近自然【场景背诵】体会黑体表达并背诵全文 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood (情绪). Greenery is good for us. Ho

2、spital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. (2019高考全国卷)【话题运用】根据提示进行写作1然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.2第二天早上，窗外的灌木和枫树变成了红的、金的、橘色的，地上铺了层霜

3、，宣告加拿大的秋天来了。The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.在认识的单词前打“”characteristic nradium n.analyse vt. infect vt.infectious adj. physician n.deadly adj. outbreak n.victim n.

4、 enquiry n.neighbourhood n. clue n.pump n& vt. investigate vt. & vi.investigation n. germ n.firework n. chart n.creative adj. cooperative adj.revolutionary adj. privately adv.enthusiastic adj. responsible adj.1defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败2expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n.专家；行家3attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加4absorb vt.吸收；

5、吸引；使专心5blame vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备6link vt.& n连接；联系7positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的8expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光9foresee vt.预见；预知10handle n柄；把手vt.处理；操纵11cure n& vt.治愈；痊愈；治疗1challenge n挑战 vt.向挑战challenging adj.挑战性的2cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n小心；警告3pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染4instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n说明；传授pl.用法

6、说明；批示；命令5conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束6contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿contribution n贡献7reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃8scientific adj.科学的science n科学scientist n科学家9announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告announcer n播音员；宣告者10certainty n确信；确实certain adj.确实的；肯定的certainly adv.确定；肯定11construct v

7、t.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物12responsible adj.有责任的；负责的responsibility n责任；负责13painter n画家；油漆匠paint v绘画；涂painting n油画；水彩画14universe n宇宙；世界universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的universally adv.普遍地强化训练一、根据所给提示，用适当形式填空1There is no denying that lung cancer is linked (link) to smoking.2Damaged but not defeated (defeat)，he w

8、as still ahead of me.3Many cancer victims can be cured (cure) if the disease is found early enough.4The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch” where the glow would fade when exposed (expose) to daylight.(2020高考全国卷)5When he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on th

9、e sofa，absorbed (absorb) in conversation.6Blamed (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.7The cautious teacher gave Tom a caution and told him never to do it again.(cautious)8I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challengeLast week I got a new job

10、in a big firm，and I found it very challenging(challenge)9The doctor instructed the patient to take medicine by the instructions (instruct)10The headmaster contributed to a newspaper to praise the ladys generous contributions to the school.(contribute)11Our enterprise is responsible for social respon

11、sibility and innovation.(responsible)12Air pollution doesnt just pollute the air we breathe；it fouls the oceans as well.(pollute)13Interested in painting，he would paint with pen and paper after work，gradually cultivating himself into a selftaught painter(paint)14It was concluded that he didnt tell u

12、s the truth.I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)15Mary announced to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy，whose announcement of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week.(announce) 16The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers

13、and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)二、熟词生义(写出加黑词的词性及词义)1(2020高考浙江卷)“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，” PadillaWalker said.“This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistencewhich can be taughtare key to

14、 a childs life success.” n品质 2(2018高考江苏卷)She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school illequipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online. vt.使置身于 【联想记忆】表示“观点；态度”的高频形容词positive 积极的negative 消极的subjective 主观的

15、 objective 客观的doubtful 怀疑的 critical 批评的1put forward 提出2expose.to 使显露；暴露3make sense 讲得通；有意义 4be to blame 应受谴责；应负责任5lead to 通向；导致6look into 调查7cure sb.of illness 治愈某人的疾病8link.to. 将和联系或连接起来9apart from 除之外；此外10be strict with . 对严格的11draw a conclusion 得到结论12contribute to 有助于；促进13be absorbed in 全神贯注于14be

16、enthusiastic about 对热心；热衷于活用一：Madame Curie and Pierre Curie were absorbed in the research into radioactive matter，which led to the discovery of radium and polonium. Meanwhile，they put forward some new theories about radioactivity. In 1903，they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Madame Curie m

17、ade great contributions to the development of science，but money and reputation made no sense (没意义) to her. She died of leukemia because she was exposed to radioactive substance. 活用二：As an astronomer，I am enthusiastic about your new theory about the solar system. The following reason contributes to m

18、y suggestion. The present theory doesnt make sense，for we cannot conclude that the earth is the centre of the universe. So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.原句展示仿写运用1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.解读neither.nor.“既不也不”。2So many thousands of terrified people died every t

19、ime there was an outbreak.解读every time“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。3To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.解读suggest作“建议”讲时，后跟的从句中用虚拟语气。1.唐朝的历史和诗歌对于你来说都不好理解。Neither the history of the Tang Dynasty nor poems of it are easy for you to under

20、stand.2每次我遇到困难，他都乐意帮我。(2020高考全国卷)He is willing to give me a hand every time I get into trouble3获知你对中国文化有极大的兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的学校之一。(2018高考北京卷)Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply to Peking University，one of the best universities in China. 词汇精研1.conclude vt.& vi.断定，推断出

21、(arrive at an opinion)；结束，终止(bring to an end)；达成，缔结(1)conclude sth. with.以结束某事concludeto conclude总而言之，最后(2)draw/come to/reach a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论bring.to a conclusion使结束in conclusion最后；总之表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有in short，in brief，in a word，all in all，to sum up，briefly (speaking)等。【基础检测】单句语法填空

22、John said he could conclude from Janes expression that Jane had stolen his money.To conclude/In conclusion (conclude)，I would like to thank everybody who helped me.【能力提升】一句多译我从自己的经历中得出结论：“有志者，事竟成。”I drew/came to/reached a conclusion from my experiences that “Where there is a will，there is a way.”Wha

23、t I concluded from my experiences is that “Where there is a will，there is a way.”2.attend vt.出席，参加(be present at)；照顾，护理 (give care)vi.专心；留意attend a meeting/a lecture/church参加会议/听讲座/做礼拜attend on/upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾attend to作“处理”讲时，与do/deal with近义；attend作“看护；照料”讲时，与take care of，loo

24、k after近义。【基础检测】单句语法填空If you had told me beforehand，I would have attended (attend) your wedding.All the participants were required to sign in as they entered the hall to attend (attend) the meeting.【能力提升】词汇升级I cant go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to deal with.I cant go out wit

25、h you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to3.expose vt.暴露；揭露(uncover)；使曝光；使面临(1)expose oneself to将自己暴露在中；遭受be exposed to被暴露在中；使遭受(2)exposed adj.暴露的；无掩蔽的(3)exposure n暴露；揭露及物动词expose后若无宾语，则常常使用它的被动形式；在expose.to.以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。,【基础检测】单句语法填空I always sit in the no

26、nsmoking section of restaurants to reduce my exposure (expose) to smoke.There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed (expose) to secondhand smoking in public places now.【能力提升】一句多译长期暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤有害。Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(v.ing作主语)If exposed to th

27、e sunlight for too long，your skin will get injured.(if省略句)4.absorb vt.吸收(take in)；吸引；使专心；并入；理解(make out)(1)absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力(be) absorbed in.全神贯注于absorb.into.把吸收进absorb.from.从中吸收(2)absorbing adj.引人入胜的be absorbed in (doing) sth.在句中作状语、定语时，常用absorbed in.。类似的结构还有：be lost in.陷入；专心致志于be caugh

28、t in.被困在be buried in.埋头于be devoted to.致力于；专心于be occupied in.忙于be involved in.专注于【基础检测】单句语法填空When deeply absorbed (absorb) in work，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.After absorbing (absorb) enough water，the trees will grow well.The boy sat beside the window，absorbed (absorb) in a novel.【能力

29、提升】一句多译/句式升级汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。 Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.So absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(改为含so.that.的倒装句)Absorbed in his work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用过去分词短语作状语)5.blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于 n过失；责备(1)blame sb. for sth.因某事而责

30、备某人blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for.)应承担()责任；该(因)受责备(2)take the blame for.对负责put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人(3)charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(做)某事短语be to blame为主动形式表示被动含义，因此不能再用于被动语态。经典例句For many years I blamed myself for her death.我为她的死自责了许多

31、年。【基础检测】用blame，charge，accuse的适当形式填空/单句改错It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.She was said to have been charged with drunken driving.I was told that he was accused of murder.We can get blamed about being absentminded when we forget past events in perfect detail.aboutfor 【能力提升】一句多译她把婚姻

32、的失败归咎于她丈夫。She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.She put/laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on her husband.6.contribute vt.& vi.捐款，捐助(join with others in giving money or help)；贡献；导致；投稿(1)contribute sth. to.把某物捐献给

33、contribute to促成；造成；向投稿(2)contributor n捐款人；做出贡献的人(3)contribution n捐献；贡献；稿件make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献经典例句Doing these things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.把这些事情做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。,【基础检测】单句语法填空Everyone is willi

34、ng to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.【能力提升】单句写作/句式升级如果你想往我们报纸上投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.He made such a great contribution to the university that the new library was named after him.Such a great cont

35、ribution did he make to the university that the new library was named after him.(such引起的倒装句)7.put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨put aside忽视，不理睬；存出，留出put away收起来放好put down记下；放下；镇压put off推迟；延期put out扑灭；生产put up举起；张贴put through 接通电话；完成；使经受put up with 忍受put on穿上；上演【基础检测】写出下列各句中put forward的含义/用put短语的适当

36、形式填空Put your watch forward. Its five minutes slow.拨快 I think he is fit for the position，therefore，Ill put him forward as a candidate.推荐 They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将提前 I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.Encourage children to put as

37、ide some of their pocket money to buy New Year presents.8.make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通(1)make sense of理解；明白make no sense没道理；没意义It makes (no) sense (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事(不)是明智的/合乎情理的(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)common sense常识There is no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理经典例句T

38、his sentence doesnt make sense.这个句子讲不通。As far as Im concerned, there is no sense in getting upset about it now.据我所知，现在为这件事烦恼没有道理。【基础检测】单句语法填空It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.There is no sense in forcing (force) yourself to get what you dont want.It is necessary to

39、explain your theory at length，otherwise the audience wont make sense of what you are trying to get across.What you say is true in a sense.【能力提升】补全句子你可以带份礼物，但没有必要太贵重。带一些水果就很好。(2018高考全国卷)You may take a gift with you，but it doesnt have to be something of great value.It makes sense to take some fruit句式剖

40、析1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。教材原句当neither.nor.连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，有这种用法的词还有：(1)either.or.不是就是(2)not only.but also. 不仅而且(3)not.but. 不是而是【基础检测】单句语法填空Neither I nor Jack has seen (see) the film before.Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes (take) gre

41、at interest in the piano lessons.【能力提升】单句写作在我看来，你和这个年轻人都不应该为这次事故负责任。As far as Im concerned，neither you nor this young man is to blame for the accident.2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。教材原句(1)every time 是名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，有此用法的名词词组还有n

42、ext time，the first time，the moment，the instant，the second，the minute, the hour, the day等。(2)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately等也可引导状语从句。(3)关联从属连词no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely/barely.when等也能引导时间状语从句。如果no sooner，hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首，主句要用倒装语序。【基础检测】单句语法填空She let out a cry the moment she saw th

43、e snake.【能力提升】补全句子The first time I heard the plan he put forward (我第一次听到他提出的计划时)，I felt very excited.Every/Each time we see someone else do something (每次我们看到别人做某件事情时)，our brains imitate it.Hardly had I told/I had hardly told (我一告诉) him the news when he stopped listening.单句语法填空1Take care！Being expose

44、d (expose) to frequent smog does great harm to your health.2The group asked for contributions (contribute) from different departments and raised funds within the international community.3He put forward a good proposal at the meeting，which made us very happy.4Either you or one of your students is (be

45、) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.5His actions could lead to him losing (lose) his job.6The teacher who is strict with her students is also serious about her work.7Always read the instructions (instruct)on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.8We have discussed the p

46、roblem many times，but still could come to no conclusion (conclude)9His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits. I think he should cure him of them.10. Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.单句改错1From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body but,and s

47、oon the affected person died.2To conclusion,conclude, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.3It seemed that the water was to be blame.4It doesnt make a sense for parents to give children whatever they want.5Nobody wants to make friends with the boy suspecting,sus

48、pected of having stolen money.6I feel partly responsible to,for the problems were facing.7The little girl was very frightening,frightened at the sight of the tiger.8Career advisors often suggested peoplefound,find a job where they could get a sense of achievement.思维训练Step 1：先盲填(不看参考词汇只根据语篇逻辑) Simon

49、Lee was a famous footballer but his career came to an end when he developed a severe illness. His doctor suspected that Simon had 1.been exposed to a new virus. All attempts by the experts to cure him 2.failed. Simon foresaw that he would not get better and concluded that he should accept the doctor

50、s suggestion that he 3.should leave football. Finally, he 4.announced that he would make a new career coaching young football players. At his last match all his fans attended and praised him 5.by singing the popular song “Thanks for the memory”Step 2：再参考提供词汇(注意词形变化，有两个多余词汇)announce；suspect；leave；be

51、exposed to；put forward；fail; byStep 3：核对答案并背诵短文.话题书面表达 假设你是李华，想向你校英文报名人专栏投稿，介绍你崇拜的医学专家屠呦呦。请按以下要点写作： 身份；所做贡献；感想。(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文 Tu Youyou，the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize in medicine，was born in 1930.She discovered artemisinin (青蒿素)，a drug that has reduced the death rates for patient

52、s (who were) exposed to (接触的病人) malaria (疟疾) After graduation，she absorbed herself/was absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine (她专心于研究传统中药) and wanted to find a cure for malaria (疟疾的疗法)In her study process，though defeated many times (失败了多次，用分词作状语)，she never gave up.At last she came up with

53、 many advanced theories and her discovery made a great contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine (她的发现对传统中药的发展做出了巨大贡献) From her，I realize that it makes sense (有意义) only if one can do something successfully in life.(二)按要求升级词汇和句式1用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇came up withput forward 2按要求升级句式(1

54、)利用分词作状语升级句After graduation，absorbing herself/absorbed in studying traditional Chinese medicine，she wanted to find a cure for malaria(2)利用倒装句升级句From her，I realize that only if one can do something successfully in life does it make sense科学精神theoretical system理论体系practical solutions实用的解决方案think logica

55、lly逻辑思考a workable solution可行的解决办法conventional thought惯性思维analyze the results分析结果bring the truth to light揭露事实carry on the experiments继续做实验scientific discoveries科学发现set about researching开始研究in the field of science在科学领域inspire scientists鼓舞科学家amazing outcome of the scientific research惊人的科研成果with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展master advanced science and technology掌握先进的科技face challenges of technological revolutions面对科技创新的挑战 - 15 - 版权所有高考资源网