2021-2022学年新教材译林版英语必修第二册学案：语法精炼② 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态 WORD版含解析.docx

1、语法精炼 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态语态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示句子的主语和谓语动词所表达的动作之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者或发出者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，当需要指出动作的发出者时，可以用by引出。如：The flowers are being destroyed by the rain.雨打花落。1.现在进行时的被动语态(1)含义现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。(2)结构肯定式：主语am/is/are being done其他Some trees are being cut d

2、own in the park.公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。否定式：主语am/is/are not being done其他It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。一般疑问式：Am/ls/Are主语being done其他？Are the babies being looked after by this nurse？这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词am/is/are(主语)being done其他？Who is being trained

3、for the coming English speech contest？谁在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛训练？(3)用法表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有now, at the moment等时间状语。The topic is being discussed by them at the moment.他们此刻正在讨论这个话题。He is now being treated in China.现在，他正在中国接受治疗。表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。These animals are being hunted at such a high speed that they

4、 will disappear soon.这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快，它们很快就会消失。表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always, constantly, often等词连用，含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的窗户经常被打破。Tom is always being praised by the teacher.汤姆总是被老师表扬。与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。Jim may be being in

5、terviewed by the reporters at the very moment.吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。Do you know what Mr Smith is doing？你知道史密斯先生正在做什么吗？He is ill. He may be being examined by the doctor.他病了。他可能正在接受医生的检查。(4)注意事项不可遗漏being。现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动动作，如果我们把being漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态。Look! The children are being taken care of by their

6、aunt.瞧！孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。Children are taken good care of at school.孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。(一般现在时的被动语态)现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作(此种用法仅限于少数及物动词hold，take等)。A party is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为“be介词(under/in等)名词”结构。The problem is under discussion(is being discussed) at t

7、he meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。The telephone is in use(is being used) now.这部电话正在使用中。2现在完成时的被动语态(1)含义现在完成时的被动语态表示已完成的被动动作。(2)结构肯定式：主语have/has been done其他The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed.黄河上的这座桥刚刚建成。The plan has been studied by the experts last month.这个计划在上个月已经由专家研究过了。否定式：主语have/has not

8、 been done其他They havent been told the exciting news yet, have they？还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，是吗？The secondhand car has not been sold.这辆二手汽车还没有被卖出去。一般疑问式：Have/Has主语been done其他？Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？Yes，it has.是的，完成了。特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词have/has主语been done其他？How long has the machine been used？这台机器使用多久了？(

9、3)用法表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already, yet, never, recently等副词及时间状语so far, by now, up till now, since等连用。The room has already been cleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)The doctor hasnt been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用

10、于how long引出的句子中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)How long has the project been carried out？这项工程已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会继续实施)用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。Well start as soon as the work has been finished.这份工作一完成我们就立即动身。(4)注意事项现在完成时的被动语态中的have/has和been不可缺失。现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：

11、一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。The big fire was put out two hours ago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。The big fire has been put out.大火已经被扑灭了。【随堂自测】.单句语法填空1Look! The baby _ (take) care of by her aunt.2A new building _ (build) outside our school at prese

12、nt.3My washing machine _ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.4Hi, Im Alice. Look at this photoa snowman _ (make) by me.5At present a new home _ (build) for pandas.6Is the bridge _ (repair) now?7To our delight, many endangered species _ (protect) by the government now.8Many inter

13、esting experiments _ (carry) out these days.9Since your bike _ (repair), you can use mine.10Daisy has found that a lot of antelopes _ (hunt) and killed for the wool beneath their stomachs now.11The new generation of computers, with artificial intelligence, _ (develop) and perfected now.12He hurried

14、home，never once looking back to see if he _ (follow)13I dont suppose the police know who did it.Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ (question) now.14Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?Yes，I have.I guess it _ (grade) now.15Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new m

15、achine _ (test)16Their new house _ (decorate) for two months and they will settle in it in the near future.17Their new cars _ (advertise ) on the Internet for a long time.18All the athletes _ (select ) from millions of people all over the country in the past two months.19A new library and a gymnasiu

16、m in our school _ (set) up so far and they will be put into use very soon.20A great many machines _ (produce) by the factory since the technological revolution. 21Great changes _ (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories _ (set) up in the past ten years.22Every possible means _ (try) to sav

17、e the wounded soldier up to now.23How many suggestions _ (give) to you so far?24I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. _ it all _ (finish)?25All the preparations for the task _ (make), and were ready to start.26In the last few years thousands of films _ (produce) all over the world.27Despite the pr

18、evious rounds of talks, no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides.28I got caught in the rain and my suit _ (ruin)29A lot of factories _ (set) up since last year.30We cant go on with the experiment because the computer _ (not repair).完成句子1These birds _ (正在被保护) well here.2The sports meeting _ (正在

19、被举办) in our school.3How many buildings _ (正在被修建) in the town?4The giant machine _ (被拆卸) at the moment and it will be fixed up in the new workshop in the near future.5The classroom _ (被装饰) with balloons and flowers right now and the students are preparing for the New Year party.6The boys _ (已经被多次告知)

20、not to swim in that lake, but it doesnt make any difference.7We are glad to be told that Li Tao _ (已经被复旦大学寻取) for his top scores.8With the help of high technology, more and more new substances _ (已经被发现) in the past few years.9When and where to go for the onsalary holiday _ (没有被确定) yet.10Though we do

21、nt know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic _ (已经被改变了)语法精讲现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态【随堂自测】.单句语法填空1is being taken2.is being built3.is being repaired4.is being made5.is being built6.being repaired7.are being protected8.are being carried9.is being repaired10.are being hunted11.are being developed12.was

22、 being followed13.is being questioned14.is being graded15.is being tested16.has been decorated17.have been advertised18.have been selected19.have been set20.have been produced21.have takenhave been set22.has been tried23.have been given24.Hasbeen finished25.have been made26.have been produced27.has been reached28.has been ruined29.have been set30.hasnt been repaired.完成句子1are being protected2.is being held3.are being built4.is being taken apart5.is being decorated6.have been told many times7.has been admitted to Fudan University8.have been discovered9.has not been decided10.has been changed