江苏省扬州市田家炳实验中学高中英语选修五：M5U3 GRAMMAR 课件 .ppt

1、M5 Unit3The verb-ed form Can you tell the function of the verb-ed in the following sentences?The excited people rushed into the building.The the boy was more frightened than hurt.Id like to see the plan carried out soon.the attribute the predicative object complement When completed,the museum will b

2、e open to us.the adverbial A verb-ed form can also serve as attribute,predicative,object complement and adverbial.When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute,it can be changed into an attribute clause.Now please tell the use of the verb-ed form in the following sentences.1.I dont like canned food;

3、I prefer something fresh.2.China has no time to lose to catch up with the developed countries in the world.3.The man delivering mails to my office every day is a retired worker.The verb-ed forms in these sentences are all used as the attribute.And a verb-ed can appear after a noun to modify the noun

4、 like an attributive clause does.Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ed form?(1)We should drink water which has been boiled.We should drink boiled water.(2)They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at onceThey took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at o

5、nce.(3)The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.The kidnappers were using a stolen car.(4)The dark-haired man went into the room.The man who was dark-haired went into the room.(5)The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The name mentioned in the letter was known to me.(6)

6、The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.a flying bird /the flown goodsa falling/fallen treethe rising/risen suna destroyed housea sport loved by many peoplean inspiring story/the inspired childrenThe v

7、erb-ed form can express different meanings,that is,the passive and the past meaning.For example:English is a widely used language.=English is a language which is used widely.He always wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand,which makes his neighbours think he is a well-educated man.=He alwa

8、ys wears thick glasses and holds a book in his hand,which makes his neighbours think he is a man who is well-educated.passiveThe ground is covered with fallen leaves when autumn wind blows.=The ground is covered with leaves which have fallen when autumn wind blows.Some countries like the USA and Jap

9、an are developed countries.=Some countries like the USA and Japan are countries which have developed.past作定语：过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作已完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。uThe picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.uThe building being built is a hospital.uThe flowers smelling sweet in the

10、botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.uLinda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,known as 3M.uThe key to solving the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers.uPrices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.便于记忆-ed

11、形式和-ing形式作表语及作定语时的区别的句子：I am interested in the interesting book.He was excited at the exciting news.The parents were disappointed about their disappointing son.Mr.Smith,tired of the boringspeech,started to read a novel.(1)Edison became interested in science when he was very young.(2)The little boy w

12、as very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.(3)Youll soon get used to the school life here.Look at the following sentences:The verb-ed forms interested and excited in the two sentences are used as predicatives.They follow link verbs.作表语：一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动

13、”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说，-ed形式常和人有关，-ing形式常和物有关。look,expression等词作主语时常用-ed形式作表语，但有时要看具体情况。请在下面的几组句中体会他们的区别。The news was very exciting.I was excited at it.The book is interesting.He is interested in it.The question is

14、 puzzling.His look is puzzled.His expression was frightening.I was frightened.这类词有很多，如：delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的tir

15、ing令人疲倦的-tired感到疲倦的boring 令人厌烦的-bored 感到厌烦的(1)He tried to make himself understood by his students in class.(2)I had my hair cut yesterday.The verb-ed forms are used as the object complements in the sentences.作补语：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,have get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch

16、,set等。在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heardWhen he awoke,he found himself being looked after by an old woman.Just now I caught him stealing things from the supermarket.Laws that punish parents for th

17、eir little childrens actions against the laws get parents worried.(1)The cake was left untouched on the table.(2)The girl lay trapped under the wreckage.In these sentences,the verb-ed forms are used as adverbs.A verb-ed can be used after verbs likestand,sit and lie to show that the two actions are h

18、appening at the same time.The girl lay in bed lost in thought.=The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.=The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object and/or adverbial.Verb-ed ph

19、rases especially the passive ones can be used to express the time,the reason and the condition.Can you rewrite the following sentences,using clauses introduced by when,once,because,if,unless?(1)Frightened by the scene,the girl did not dare go out alone.Because she was frightened by the scene,the gir

20、l did not dare go out alone.(2)Once seen,it can never be forgotten.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.(3)Unless invited,I will not go to the party.Unless I am invited,I will not go to the party.(4)Given another five days,I could finish it in time.If I was given another five days,I could finis

21、h it in time.(5)Lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.Because he was lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(6)When told the news,he couldnt help crying.When he was told the news,he couldnt help crying.NOTE:过去分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致.The differences between verb-e

22、d forms and the verb-ing forms:作状语：分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致的情况下，如果分词和句子的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词，否则用现在分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。注意比较下面的句子：Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.=When it is seen from space,the earth looks blue.Kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will

23、 remain fresh.=If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.=When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,being exhausted.(误)After his journey from abroa

24、d,Richard Jones returned home,exhausted.（正）Her grandfather being ill,she had to stay at home looking after him.独立主格结构Homework finished,they went out to play.NOTE:非谓语动词使用条件:一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。并非分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动词不定式也可以这样运用。常见的这种情况有：Strictly speaking,smoking

25、is not allowed here.Judging from what he said,he is a southerner.Taken as a whole,there is nothing important in his speech.To tell you the truth,I dont like English teacher.To speak frankly,I dont agree with you about the case.动词-ed的逻辑主语所作句子成分表语定语状语宾补逻辑主语 句子的主语所修饰的词句子的主语句子的宾语链接高考1.The managers discu

26、ssed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.（2000全国）Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out 2._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.（2000北京春季）A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 3.As we joined the big crowd I got _ from

27、my friends.（01全国）A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed4.It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.（04全国IV）A.questioning B.have questionedC.questioned D.to be questioned5.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it_ often enough.（05天津卷）A.explaining B.to exp

28、lain C.explain D.explained6.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.（02全国）beginshaving begunbeginning begun 7._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police(05江苏卷)A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.Losing 8._ in a white uniform

29、,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷）A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed9._ time,hell make a fist-class tennis player.（03北京）A.Having given B.To giveC.Giving D.Given10.The repairs cost a lot,but its money well .（05湖北卷）Ato spend BspentCbeing spent Dspending 11.Laws that punish

30、parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents.（04重庆）A.worried B.to worryC.worrying D.worry12.A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night.（04江苏）A.advised B.attended C.attempted D.admitted13.The prize of the game show is$30,000 and an all expenses _vacati

31、on to China.(05北京卷)A.payingB.paidC.to be paidD.being paid14._ into use in April 2000,the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.（05上海卷）A.Put B.Putting C.Having put D.Being put15.Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.（04广西）C.making herself heard D.to

32、 make herself heardA.making herself hear B.to make herself hear16._with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all（04湖北）ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared17._by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.（04辽宁）A

33、Attracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 18.When first_ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.（04全国II）A.introducing B.introducedC.introduce D.being introduced 19.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.(04上海）A.recorded B.recording C.t

34、o be recordedD.having recorded20.Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.（04全国I）A.get changed B.get changeC.get changing D.get to change21._ and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.(2006全国)A.Surprising B.Surprised C.Being surprised D.To be surprisingConsolidationI.Mu

35、ltiple choice:1.-Whats the language _ in New Zealand?-English.A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak2.The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.A.produced B.producing C.to produce D.which produced3.-Youd better have your sports jacket _.Its too dirty.-Thanks.I will.A.to wash B.washed C.was

36、hing D.wash4.Yesterday I heard a story _ by my friend.A.told B.telling C.to tell D.tell5.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating6._ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A.Exposed B.Having ex

37、posedC.Being exposed D.After being exposed7.Generally speaking,when _ according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.A.taking B.taken C.to take D.to be taken8.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having been written B.to be written

38、C.being written D.written9.Is this the watch you wish _?A.to have repaired B.to repair it C.to have it repaired D.will be repaired10._ many times,but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Though he had been toldC.He was told D.Having toldII.Translation:1.这扇朝南的窗户是破的。The window facing th

39、e south is broken.2.我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性。Our head teacher is a woman loved by all.3.我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。The letter that reached me today is from my brother.4.输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。She looked disappointed after she lost the game.5.从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮丽。Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks significant.6.那位教授在学

40、生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。Surrounded by his students,the professor sat there cheerfully.1.figure out:to finally understand something or someone,or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought:+question wordI cant figure out why he did it.我不能理解他为什么做这件事.Can you figure out the answer to question 5?你能算出

41、第五个问题的答案吗?2.puzzle:v.I+adverb or preposition;T to feel confused and slightly worried The findings of the survey puzzle me 调查的发现使我困惑.+question word It puzzles me why she said that.她为什么那样说使我很困惑.n.S a situation which is difficult to understand:C a game or toy in which you have to fit separate pieces to

42、gether,or a problem or question which you have to answer by using your skill or knowledge:Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.多年来科学家门一直在尽力解开这一谜底.a crossword puzzlepuzzledadj.confused because you do not understand something:He had a puzzled look on his face.Im still puzzled as

43、to why she said that.Im a bit puzzled that I havent heard from Tom for so long.他脸上有一丝感到困惑的表情.至于她为什么那样说我仍然感到困惑.我很久没有收到Tom的来信我感到困惑.puzzling adj.difficult to explain or understand:Eg.Its a rather puzzling film.a puzzling situation3.cautious:1)describes someone who avoids risks:2)describes something whi

44、ch is careful,well considered and sometimes slow or uncertain:当他骑自行车的时候,他很小心。He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle.a cautious approachcautiouslyadv.cautionn.We need to proceed with caution我们需要谨慎前进.4.worth:adj.having a particular value,especially in money:我们的房子价值20万英镑.Our house is worth abou

45、t 200 000.(1)be worth sth.:to be important or interesting enough to receive a particular action:I think this matter is worth our attention.我认为这件事值得我们注意.(2)be worth having/doing sth.:to be important or useful to have or do:Theres nothing worth reading in this newspaper.这张报纸上没什么值得读的.worthless :adj.hav

46、ing no value in money/valueless/unimportant or useless:NOTE:The opposite is invaluable/priceless.相关有用的表达：Its worth the money.=Its good value for the money.be(well)worth doing sth.A bird in the hand(is worth two in the bush):两鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。be worth it：to be of reasonable or good value for the price:与wor

47、thy及worthwhile的区别：worthy：adj.worthy of sth ：suitable for,or characteristic of something:worthy to be done/worthy of being doneworthwhile:adj.句型：Its worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。译：这个问题值得讨论。The question is worth discussing.The question is worthy of discussion.The question is worthy of being discussed.The question is worthy to be discussed.Its worthwhile discussing/to discuss the question.Discussing/To discuss the question is worthwhile.