浙江省诸暨市草塔中学高中英语（人教版）必修4课件：UNIT 4 GRAMMAR.ppt

1、GrammarGrammar一一:V-:V-inging 形式由形式由“dodoinging”构成构成,其否定形式是其否定形式是“not doing”,V-not doing”,V-inging可可以带宾语或状语构成以带宾语或状语构成V-V-inging短语短语,没有没有人称和数的变化人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的但有时态和语态的变化。变化。V-V-inging 形式形式 语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)doing(not)being done(not)being done(not)(not)having donehaving done(not)(not)h

2、aving been donehaving been doneV-V-inging 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。元的学习重点。1.1.作定语作定语V-V-inging 形式可以单独充当名词的前置形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语修饰语,这时有两种情况。这时有两种情况。1)1)-inging形式表示形式表示“供作供作.之用之用”的的意思意思,这类作定语的这类作定语的-inging形式过去叫动形式过去叫动名词。名词。A swimming poolA swimming pool =a pool for swimming =a pool for swimming

3、A sleeping carA sleeping car=a car for sleeping=a car for sleeping2)-ing形式表示“.的”意思,过去叫现在分词A sleeping child working people the rising sunzxxk-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:They are visitors coming from several countries.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2.2.作状语作状语可以表示时间可以表示时间,原因原因,

4、结果结果,条件条件,行行为方式或伴随动作等。为方式或伴随动作等。Using your head,youll find a good way.条件1)Four people entered the room looking 1)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.around in a curious way.=Four people enter the room and =Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.looked

5、around in a curious way.(伴随动作伴随动作)2)Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV 2)Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.set.(原因)3)Working hard,youll surely succeed.条件4)The boy sat in front of the farm-house,cutting the branch.伴随5)He came running back to tell me the news.方式6)(When)Hearing the news,he got 6)(Wh

6、en)Hearing the news,he got frightened.frightened.=When he heard the news,he got =When he heard the news,he got frightened.frightened.(时间时间,可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留when)when)7)The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.结果8)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my heard.我等汽车时，一只鸟落

7、到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting,well do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。Zx.xkAttention Please-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Time permitting,

8、I will pay a visit to the whole city.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touches Mr.Cooks moving hand.You see her step back appearing surprised.=You see her step back and

9、 she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.His nose touched Mr.Cooks movinghand.=His nose touched Mr.Cooks hand which is moving.=They are visitors who come from several countries.They are vis

10、itors coming from several countries.=This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience.1.When he approached Ms Smith,he touched her shoulder and kissed her._ _ Ms Smith,he touched her shoulder and kissed her.Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2.The person who is tra

11、nslating the songs can speak seven languages.The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.translating the songs3.The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.who is standing4.Because he comes from Jordan,he moves close to ask yo

12、u a question._ _ Jordan,he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5.She sat at the desk and did her homework.She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomework1.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.(2011大纲全国卷)A.says B.said C.to say D.saying2._ around the fire,the tourists dance

13、d with the lo-cal people.(辽宁2011)A.Gather B.To gather C.Gathering D.To be gathering3.Sit down,Emma.You will only make yourself more tired,_ on your feet.(北京2011)A.to keep B.keeping C.having kept D.to have kept4.Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?(湖南2011)A.feel B.to

14、 feel C.feeling D.felt5.More highways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel from one place to an-other.(陕西2011)A.making B.made C.to make D.having made6._ at my classmates faces,I read the same excite-ment in their eyes.(北京2010)A.Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked7.Dina,_ for

15、months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(湖南2010)A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle8.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,_ supplies to Yushu,Qinghai Province after the earthquake.(福建2010)A.sending B.to send C.hav

16、ing sent D.to have sent 9.It rained heavily in the south,_ serious flooding in several provinces.(天津2010)A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。1.The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one.The picture _ on the wall is a world-famous one.2.Because he hadnt receive

17、d an answer,he decided to write another letter to him._ _ _ an answer,he decided to write another letter to him.hangingNot having received3.When he sees the mountain,he always thinks of his hometown._ the mountain,he always thinks of his hometown.4.Because it is Sunday,there are no students in the s

18、chool.It _ _,there are no students in the school.Seeing being Sunday5.He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother.He hunted all the shops,_ _ a nice present for his mother.looking for 1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.2.The men worked for extra hours

19、 got an extra pay.3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.4.Generally speak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错5.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.7.European football is played in 80 countries,made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking