湖南省株洲市第四中学高二英语课件：UNIT4 GRAMMAR AND USAGE（牛津译林版选修6）.ppt

1、高二牛津版模块六Unit 4Helping people around the worldGrammar and usage件从句条If 从句中的谓语形式主句中的谓语形式现在过去将来Revision:If 虚拟语气过去时(did/were)would/could/should/might+V.（原）过去完成时 would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.过去时2.should+V.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.（原）Put the following into English:1.如果我有钱就不住在这破楼里了。If I

2、 were rich,I would not live in such a broken building.2.如果我昨天带钱就借给你了。3.如果我今后有钱了就会帮助更多的人。If I had had money with me yesterday,I would have lent some to you.If I got rich in future,I would help more people.Unreal conditions:other cases虚拟语气1.Mixed conditionals:混合虚拟语气有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，这叫错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气，它要求从

3、句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。1.If I had finished my homework last night,I would be allowed to watch TV now.如果我昨晚完成了作业，现在就被允许看电视了。（从句说明过去情况，而主句说明现在情况。）2.If you told me the truth now,I would not send for your parents tomorrow.如果你现在告诉我实话，我明天就不请你家长来了。（从句说明现在情况，主句说明将来情况。）If I_ business at university,I_ a manager now

4、.If I had taken an alternative path and_ medicine,I_ a lot of medical knowledge.If I _ a lot about medicine,I _ able to help my sick mother.If I _ my sick mother,I _ so upset.had not studiedwould not behad studiedwould haveknewwould becould helpwould not beComplete Part A on page 57:2.Implied Condit

5、ionals:含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过if条件句表达出来，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如 with,without,but for 等，或者通过副词or,otherwise等上下文表示。1.Without your encouragement,I wouldnt have succeeded.(=If you hadnt encouraged me,I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.)没有你的鼓励，我不会成功的。例如：2.With(if I had)more money,I could help more people in need.3.But for th

6、e(if there was no)money you sent me,I would starve now.4.I am too hungry,or/otherwise I would not try to eat you.(=If I were not so hungry,I would not try to eat you.)3.Introduced by even if,as if/though,if only在even if,as if/though,if only引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况时也使用虚拟语气。与现在事实不符用一般过去时，与过去事实不符用过去完成时。例如：I wou

7、ld never go there even if I were given the chance to.Nicholas is smiling as if he knew nothing about it.Mike talks as though he had been to the Great Wall before.If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador.Imitation:1.即使你有钱也不能这么浪费。You should not waste even if you were rich.2.看上去他们好像吃错药似的。It looked as if th

8、ey had taken some wrong medicine.3.我女朋友逛起街来好像永远不知道累一样。My girl friend goes shopping as though she never felt tired.4.要是我现在就知道明天考试的答案就好了。If only I knew the answers to the exam to be held tomorrow.注意：上述连词也可以引导事实或者具有很大可能性是事实的从句，此时不必使用虚拟语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.It seems as though he is lo

9、st.4.After wish,would rather(1)在wish后的宾语从句中，表示与当时的事实相反用一般过去时（同时性），表示与过去的事实相反用过去完成时（先时性），表示与将来的事实相反用would,could,might 加动词原形。例如：1.I wish there were no wars in theworld.（同时性）2.I now wish that I had booked a room yesterday.（先时性）3.We all wish we could get admittedto a good university.（后时性）(2)在would rathe

10、r后的宾语从句中，从句谓语用一般过去时来表示与现在或将来相反的事实。如谈到过去的动作，则用过去完成时。例如：I would rather you hadnt told me about it.Id rather she were dumb.More cases:其它常用虚拟语气形式：1.在It is(high)time句中使用过去时虚拟语气或者使用“should+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气。例如：It is time we had a rest.It is high time we should go home.2.在名词性从句中使用“should+动词原形”或只用动词原形的虚拟语气。在sugg

11、est,insist,require,request,order,demand,recommend,propose等动词后的宾语从句，以及上述动词相应的名词形式的名词性从句中，还有It is/was important(necessary,natural,strange,surprising,etc.)that 等名词性从句中使用。例如：My cousin suggests I(should)domore exercises.My suggestion is that he(should)turn to his teacher for help.It was suggested that we

12、(should)hold a meeting.He made a suggestion that she(should)wait for another week.Experts suggest we(should)not panic when a fire breaks out.It is required that students(should)not go to the Internet caf.It is necessary that one(should)master a foreign language.It is surprising that you(should)not u

13、nderstand me.注意：当suggest作为“表明、暗示”，insist作为“坚持认为、坚持说”之意使用时不用虚拟语气。例如：The smile on his face suggests that he is quite satisfied.The boy insisted that he wasinnocent.3.情态动词+have+过去分词：“should(ought to/could/may/might/neednt)+have+过去分词”表示“过去应该做而未做到”的虚拟语气，该结构的否定形式则表示“过去不该/必做的却做了”，常含有责备、批评或懊悔的意思。例如：You shou

14、ld have told me earlier!(but you didnt)You shouldnt have left without saying goodbye.(but you left without saying goodbye)I could have caught the bus.(but I didnt)Youve make a few spelling mistakes,you might have been more careful.(but you were careless)注意：情态动词+have done有时表示对过去动作或状态的推测（其中情态动词无时态之分）。

15、例如：Can he have stayed at a friends last night?They may have arrived by now.4.表示祝愿的虚拟语气：表示祝愿时常用动词原形或者是“May+主语+动词原形”的结构。例如：God be with you!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!May you succeed!5.用于What if句中：在口语中，虚拟语气经常省略主句，只保留从句。例如：What if I should fail?（完整的句子为What should I do if I should fail?）Prac

16、tice 1.If I _ to school tomorrow,I _ my lessons now.A.were to go;would do B.would go;would do C.went;did D.should go;am doing A2._ today,he would get there by Friday.A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves 3.If it _this afternoon,the English party would be ruined.A.rains

17、B.rained C.will rain D.was rainingCB4.Id rather you _ their invitation yesterday.A.not accept B.wouldnt accept C.didnt accept D.hadnt accepted5.It is important that you _ sports every.A.have B.would C.must have D.will haveCA6._ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A.I

18、n spite of B.But for C.Because of D.As for 7.Yesterday Jane went away from the discussion,otherwise she _ something she would regret later.A.had said B.said C.might D.might have saidBD8.Im glad you told me about the match being cancelled._ Id have traveled all the way to London for nothing.A.Therefo

19、re B.Otherwise C.Besides D.However9.-I hope you enjoyed your food very much,sir.-Yes,not bad.But the chicken _a little tender.A.could have been B.can be C.must be D.should be BA 10._ your timely help,we could not have finished the task ahead of time last week.A.With B.Without C.But for D.Otherwise.1

20、1.If anyone _ this way,we would be caught like rats in a trap.A.would come B.had come C.should come D.comes BC12._ the job on the farm,the older Men _ find it difficult to get a new job.A.With;should B.Without;should C.Without;would D.With;wouldC13.If Mr.Smith had realized the danger,he_ more childr

21、en run out of the classroom.A.would help B.would have helped C.will help D.had helped BFor more exercises,click here.高考链接DD1.(10安徽32)Jack described his father,who _a brave boy many years ago,as a strongwilled manA.would be B.would have been C.must be D.must have been 2.(10湖南23)You _ buy a gift,but y

22、ou can if you want to.A.must B.mustnt B.C.have to D.dont have to3.(10江西23)I have told you the truth._ I keep repeating it?A.Must B.Can C.May D.Will 4.(10山东25)I _ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams.A.shouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustntAA5.Im sorry,I _ at you the other day.（江苏2008）A

23、.shouldnt shout B.shouldnt have shouted C.mustnt shout D.mustnt have shoutedB6.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.（江苏2009）A.could express B.would express C.could have expressed D.must have expressedCFor more exercises,click here.Homework1.Fill in the blanks on page 57(Part B).2.Finish the exercises on page 125 in the workbook.