2020-2021学年高中英语 同步课时作业（7）Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking（含解析）新人教版选择性必修2.doc

1、Unit 1Reading and Thinking一、1.The more petrol and electricity we c_(消耗), the more carbon we are letting off.2.A charity group set up a stand selling cooked s_(香肠) and flowers to raise funds.3.Truly e_(精美的) chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.4.He has a bad t_(脾气) and

2、will not listen to anybody, so youd better not stand in his path.5.Boys and girls, do you realize that what you were in favor of just now are j_(无用的东西) foods?6.Prior to _(join) this company in 2015, Bequelin was employed as a senior researcher.7.We tend _(think) that the decades immediately followin

3、g World War was a time of prosperity and growth.8.Internet shopping is quite popular among Chinese people and has become a new way of _(consume).9.Tea culture is _(vary) in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk, and by the places for tea drinking.10._(tire) and hungry, the tourists wa

4、nted to find a restaurant to have something to eat.二、选词填空(可变换形式)refer to, prior to, consist of, on the other hand, be stuffed with, as a result, at a minimum, hand in hand1.We havent seen our neighbor for long and his letter box _ letters and all kinds of leaflets.2.To learn English well, you should

5、 learn ten new words _ every day.3.All the arrangements should have been completed on the day _ our departure.4.All electronic computers _ five units although they are of different kinds.5.He fell off the bike on the way home and hurt his leg yesterday. _, he had to be away from school for some time

6、.6.There is some evidence that poverty and poor health often go _.7.To draw up the plan, they went to the library to _ many books.8.On the one hand, I want to go to the party, but _ I ought to prepare for the maths test.三、 US food author M.F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, First we eat, then we d

7、o everything else. This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct. 16. But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to country. For example, things like chicken feet, duck heads, and pig brains are commonly eaten in

8、 Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try one of these things, though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to make them give up meat altogether. At the same time, however, the majority of people in Western nations regard themselves as meat eaters. So, what could be the reason behind thi

9、s double standard? There are a number of possible answers to that question, yet one major reason could lie in recent cultural changes. During the mid-20th century and the years following it, eating most parts of an animal was common in many Western countries such as the UK perhaps owing to rationing

10、 (定量配给政策) as a result of World War II (19391945). But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased, wrote Francesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat: 1900-The Present. Thanks to

11、the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢), the publics attitude to meat soon shifted. The animal gradually disappeared from meat, and peoples ignorance about what animal the meat they ate came from increased. Burnett added. As a

12、 result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came from an animal. However, this theory may go even further back if we look at the words the English language uses to describe meat. We de-animalize certain foods that

13、 we eat by giving them different names, Hal Herzog, author of Why Its So Hard To Think Straight About Animals, told online magazine Grist. We dont say its cooked pig; we say its pork. And we dont say hamburger is made of cow; we say its made of beef. So it seems that theres not one simple answer to

14、this question. When it comes to eating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste.1. The main purpose of the first three paragraphs is to _.A.introduce various food culturesB.stress Westerners love for foodC.show differences in Chinese and Western food culturesD.draw attention to W

15、esterners, de-animalizing meat2. What changed peoples attitudes toward meat in the 1960s and 1970s?A.The words used to describe meat.B.The rise of supermarkets.C.The need for a healthier lifestyle.D.The introduction of highways.3. What does the underlined word ignorance mean in Paragraph 6?A.Blindne

16、ss.B.Fear.C.Misunderstanding.D.Challenge.四、 It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van(小型货车) distributing toys to the homeless. When we 1 the spot, something caught my eyes. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I2 that it was the home of a poor family. There were two3 , both o

17、f about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there hopelessly. As a little girl myself I was4 interested in the little girl. How5 our lives were. She lived for the day,6 through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after

18、 and never had to worry about7 . I had a good education and thus a8 future. I looked at the little girl. The only9 she had was the worn-out dress that she was wearing. Seeing this little girl I made the decision to give away a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a 10 , I s

19、tepped out, called the girl over and placed the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with 11 and wasnt certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw 12 in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to 13 off, and that was when we realized the little girl was running 14 . We sto

20、pped again and opened the door. The girl had 15 with us. She looked directly at me and said two simple words Thank You.1.A.leftB.changedC.choseD.approached2.A.guaranteedB.realizedC.decidedD.accepted3.A.boysB.childrenC.driversD.adults4.A.stillB.lessC.especiallyD.probably5.A.similarB.differentC.diffic

21、ultD.ordinary6.A.searchingB.gettingC.runningD.breaking7.A.foodB.safetyC.healthD.transport8.A.doubtfulB.distantC.promisingD.foreseeable9.A.presentB.decorationC.requirementD.possession10.A.stationB.stopC.streetD.signal11.A.angerB.painC.surpriseD.disappointment12.A.hopeB.lonelinessC.anxietyD.astonishme

22、nt13.A.walkB.getC.liftD.drive14.A.behindB.awayC.outD.in15.A.got alongB.come alongC.caught upD.turned up答案以及解析一、1.答案：consume解析：句意:我们消耗的汽油和电越多,我们排放的碳就越多。2.答案：sausages解析：句意:一个慈善组织摆摊卖烤香肠和花来筹集资金。3.答案：elegant解析：句意:真正精美的筷子可能是用金和银制成的,上面刻有汉字。4.答案：temper解析：句意:他脾气不好,不会听取任何人的话,所以你最好不要挡他的路。5.答案：junk解析：句意:孩子们,你们意

23、识到你们刚才赞成的是垃圾食品吗?6.答案：joining解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:在2015年加入该公司之前,Bequelin曾担任高级研究员。Prior to中的to是介词,后应跟动词-ing形式。7.答案：to think解析：考查tend的用法。句意:我们倾向于认为二战后紧接着的几十年是繁荣和增长的时期。tend后接不定式作宾语,表示倾向于/往往会做某事。这里the decades是作为一个整体来看待的,所以从句谓语动词用单数。8.答案：consumption解析：考查词形转换。句意:网上购物在中国很受欢迎,已经变成一种新的消费途径。由空前的of并结合句意可知,空处应填consumpt

24、ion。9.答案：varied/various解析：考查词形转换。句意:在不同的国家,茶文化因茶的制作和饮用方式以及喝茶的地点而有所不同。由空前的is可知,空处应用形容词作表语,表示各种各样的,不相同的,故填varied/various。10.答案：Tired解析：句意:又累又饿,游客们想找家饭店吃点东西。此处是形容词作状语,表示“疲惫的”,所以填Tired。二、答案：1. is stuffed with2. at a minimum3. prior to4. consist of5. As a result6. hand in hand7. refer to8. on the other h

25、and三、答案：(1)-(3)ABA解析：(1).推理判断题。根据第二段中But regardless of the importance of food around the world, food cultures often differ greatly from country to country.可知,不同国家的饮食文化有很大的差异,所以前三段的目的是介绍不同的饮食文化,故选A。(2).细节理解题。根据第五段中during the 1960s and 1970s,following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK,

26、 the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased可知,在20世纪60年代和20世纪70年代,随着高速公路在美国和英国的引入,超市在这些国家普及开来,以及第六段中Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs(四肢),the publics attitude to meat soon shifted.可知,由于超市的普及和便利,(超市里

27、)很少售卖如头、四肢这样的动物部位,公众对于肉的态度很快也发生了变化。所以是超市数量的增加改变了人们对肉的态度。故选B。(3).词义猜测题。根据第六段中The animal gradually disappeared from meat(动物逐渐从肉类中消失),再根据第七段As a result, its believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product, rather than as something that came from an animal.可知,许多西方文

28、化慢慢地开始将肉类仅仅视为一种食品,而不是来自动物的东西。也就是人们对肉的来源不了解,ignorance与blindness意思接近,在此处意为“不了解”,故选A。 四、答案：1-5.DBBCB; 6-10.AACDB; 11-15.CADAC解析：1.根据第三段中的“When the van came to a _, I stepped out”可知,当我们接近(approach)目的地的时候,有东西引起“我”的注意。2.根据空后的it was the home of a poor family并结合语境可知,“我”很快意识到(realize)那是一户贫困人家的家。3.根据下文中的both

29、of about my age at the time可知,当时那里有两个和“我”年龄差不多的孩子。4.根据语境可知,自己作为一个小女孩,“我”尤其(especially)对那个小女孩感兴趣。5.根据下文中的She lived for the day. to fill her stomach.和I on the other hand was well looked after. a future.可知,我们的生活差别(different)很大。6.根据第一段中的Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.可知,当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找(se

30、arch)东西以填饱自己的肚子。7.根据上文可知,那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物,而“我”却得到很好的照顾,从来不用担心食物。8.根据该空前的I had a good education可知,“我”接受了良好的教育,因此“我”也有一个有前途的(promising)未来。9.根据上文的内容并结合语境可推知,那位小女孩仅有的东西(possession)就是她身上穿的那条破旧的裙子。10.根据上文可知,“我”决定把自己的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩,所以当车一停下(stop)来,“我”立刻下车,叫那个小女孩过来,然后将玩具娃娃放在她的手里。11.根据空后的and wasnt certain what to do和语境可知,那个小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。12.根据上文可知,那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边,并结合语境可知,“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里,她对“我”微笑,“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望(hope)。13.根据下文中的We stopped again可知,“我”回到车上,我们开车(drive)离开,那时我们才意识到,那位小女孩正在后面(behind)追赶我们。14.由语境可知是“在后面”。15.根据上文的We stopped again and opened the door.可知,小女孩追上了我们。catch up with“追上,赶上”。