2021届高考英语一轮复习核心语法精讲精练（通用版）：精练14（特殊句式-省略与替代） WORD版含解析.docx

1、高考核心语法知识点精练14（特殊句式-省略与替代）1.When challenges and setbacks, he remains , brave and firm.A.faced with hesitantB.facing resoluteC.in face of indecisiveD.facing with determined2.He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _, refusing them when they turn to him.A.if neverB.if everC.if notD.if any3.Have yo

2、u got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes. _, Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.A.If everB.If busyC.If anything.D.If possible4.Some experts believe that the students, once _ to computer games, will probably lose opportunities of progressing.A.addictingB.addictedC.havin

3、g addictedD.being addicted5.Daniel has undertaken to keep the secret, so he wont tell anyone even though _.A.asked to keepB.to be askedC.to askD.asked to6.Though _ by her classmates, the little girl didnt burst into tears or be in despair.A.leaving outB.left outC.being left outD.leave out7.When lear

4、ning he was admitted to a key college, _.A.he burst into tearsB.tears came to his eyesC.he can hardly keep back his tearsD.and his parents were wild with joy8.There are some health problems that, if _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A.not treatedB.not being treatedC.not to be treatedD.not h

5、aving been treated9.When entering the office, _.A.Winifred was found sitting at a desk B.Winifred was found sat at a deskC.we found Winifred seated at a desk D.we found Winifred seating at a desk10.Generally speaking，_ according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.A.when takingB.when taken

6、C.when to takeD.when to be taken11.Its really a pity that you didnt go to see Frozen II last night.I _, but I had to prepare for the coming exam.A.would like toB.ought toC.would haveD.may have12.When deeply _ in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping.A.absorbingB.trappingC.absorbedD.tr

7、apped13.When _ the two countries, weve found they have much in common.A.comparedB.compareC.being comparedD.comparing14._ in the United States, St Louis has now become the 4th largest city.A.It is the 24th biggest cityB.It was the 24th biggest cityC.Once the 24th biggest cityD.Before the 24th biggest

8、 city15.The boy, though up in the countryside, soon adapted himself to the way of life in this big city.A.bringingB.having broughtC.broughtD.being brought16.Although _ to stop, he kept on workingA.tellB.tellingC.having toldD.told17.When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it

9、 very interesting and rewarding.A.askingB.askedC.to askD.having asked18.When _ how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that _ this was a result of Alexander the Greats influence.A.asking; no doubtB.asking; no wonderC.asked; no doubtD.asked; no wonder19.Wh

10、at do you feel when _ to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call?A.leaving talkingB.left talkingC.being leaving talkingD.being left talking20.When _ from the top of the hill, the whole city looks more beautiful.A.seeingB.seenC.is seenD.is seeing21.I am short and thi

11、n, but I run fast, I hope they will accept me _.A.as I amB.as it isC.as it doesD.as I do22.Having an outdoor meal is always fun, but it can also be damaging to the planet if_.A.planned not carefullyB.not planning carefullyC.not planned carefullyD.not to be planned carefully23.It is dangerous to driv

12、e the car while on the phone.A.talkB.talkingC.talkedD.to talk24.Although_money at that time, I managed to buy the piano for my daughter.A.lackedB.lackingC.lacking ofD.lacked it25.A good interviewer is able to tell very quickly if youve done your homework about the company, so make sure you _!A.doB.h

13、aveC.will doD.did26.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_ regularly, can improve our health.A.being carried outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out27.The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _, reaching 30 in summer.A.if notB.if everC.if anyD.if so28.“If”,

14、 he added, “_ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”A.to giveB.being givenC.givenD.giving29.Unless _ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class.A.invitedB.invitingC.being invitedD.having invited30._ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.L

15、ackedB.Lacking ofC.Though lackingD.Lacked in31.I wonder why you wont do it as _. Its the third time you have done so.A.you told toB.be toldC.tell youD.told to32.It is believed that, _, the situation will get worse.A.if it not dealt carefully withB.if only dealt carefully withC.if not carefully dealt

16、 withD.it is not carefully dealt with33.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _.A.if not managed carefullyB.if are not managed carefullyC.unless not managed carefullyD.unless are not managed carefully34.Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands.A.to leaveB.leavingC.leav

17、eD.left35.No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.performedB.performingC.to be performedD.being performed36.Fear is one of the many enemies hidden inside us, and if _ uncontrolled, it can destroy our lives.A.leavingB.leftC.having leftD.to be left3

18、7.Lei Feng was a person who was only too ready to help others, seldom _, refusing them when they turned to him.A.if neverB.if everC.if notD.if any38.It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _, wed better take it to the garage immediately.A.OtherwiseB.If notC.But for thatD.If so39.If w

19、eather permits, well go on a hike in the mountain. But if _, _.A.not, notB.no, noC.not, noD.no, not40.Nurseries are the areas where plants are grown to be sold or _ in other places.A.being plantedB.to plantC.plantD.planted41.Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when

20、_.A.touchingB.touchedC.is touchedD.to be touched42.Our tutor would listen to us reading our essays aloud, but rarely, _, commented on them.A.if everB.if anyC.if possibleD.if anything43.The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create m

21、isunderstanding if _.A.ignoreB.to be ignoredC.ignoringD.ignored44.When _, the library will be open to the public next year.A.completedB.completingC.being completedD.to be completed45.Dont _ in the exam while _ an exam.A.calm, takeB.cheat, takingC.list, takingD.ignore, take46.If _more time, we can do

22、 it better.A.giveB.givingC.givenD.gave47.If _ green, the door might look more beautiful.A.paintB.paintedC.to paintD.painting48.The mother told the little child not to speak to a stranger even if _A.speakingB.spokenC.spoken toD.he spoken to49.If _ in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a

23、week as a punishment.A.to catch to sleepB.caught to sleepC.catching sleepingD.caught sleeping50.Friendship is like money, easier made than _.A.being keptB.to be keptC.keepingD.kept51.Although there is more female participation in IT workforce,_ a significant imbalance of male and female senior posit

24、ions.A.it remainsB.there remainsC.there remainingD.that remains52._ ，I went out for a walk.A.There was nothing to doB.There being nothing to doC.There had nothing to doD.There were nothing to do53.How many species do you believe will be threatened with extinction when the reservoir is completed?I ex

25、pect _ ten at least.A.there to beB.there beingC.there beD.there have been54._is a certain doubt among people _the official advertisement has a misleading effect on customers choices of electronic products.A.It; thatB.There; thatC.It; whetherD.There; whether55.There _ no buses, we had to take a taxi.

26、A.beingB.wasC.isD.were56.The visitors said that they had never dreamed _ such a beautiful scenery.A.there to beB.of there to beC.of there beingD.of being57._ seems to be some disagreement between his words and actions.A.ThereB.ItC.ThatD.What58.Just to his surprise, he had never expected a woman call

27、ing herself his birth mother 20 years after his birth.A.there to beB.there beingC.there isD.there have been59.There something wrong with the engine of the car, we had to go to the park by taxi.A.having beenB.beingC.isD.was60.I never dreamed of there _ such a quiet place in the noisy city.A.isB.areC.

28、beingD.be答案与解析：1.B【解析】考查固定短语和形容词词义辨析。句意：面对挑战和挫折时，他仍然坚决，勇敢和坚定。A. faced with面对，hesitant犹豫的； B. facing面对，resolute坚决的；C. in face of面对， indecisive优柔寡断的；D. facing with面对，determined坚定的。结合选项可知，when引导的状语从句完整形式为：when he is faced with/ when he is facing/ when he is in face of，可以省略其中的he is。第二个空应使用与brave和firm词义相

29、近的词语resolute或determined，但是D项的facing with 是错误的。故选B。2.B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：他乐于助人，别人向他求助时，即使有过这种情况，他也是很少拒绝的。A. if never如果从未发生过，指如果某件事没有发生过；B. if ever，ever表示频率，与上文的seldom对应，表示“如果曾经发生过”，属于为了避免重复省略了与上文相同的部分；C. if not如果不是，不然的话，指如果没有某件东西；D. if any即使有（也），如果有的话，表示即使有某件东西。结合语境，此处表达“他很少拒绝别人，即使有过的话”，指的是“即使有过拒绝别人这件事

30、”，本题完整的表达为“if he ever refuses them”。故选B。3.D【解析】考查常见的省略结构的辨析。对接下来的假期，你有什么特别的计划吗？是的，如果可能的话，我将去拜访一些城市中的养老院。A. If ever要是有的话；B. If busy如果忙的话；C. If anything如果有什么（区别）的话；D. If possible如果可能的话。根据下文提到的计划是拜访养老院，可知，应该是如果可能的话。故选D。4.B【解析】考查省略和过去分词。句意：一些专家认为，学生一旦沉迷于电脑游戏，很可能会失去进步的机会。固定词组：be addicted to“对上瘾，沉迷于”。此处是连

31、词once“一旦”引导的条件状语从句的省略，且相同的主语和be动词可以省略，所以这里是过去分词作状语，addicted已经演变成了形容词，故选B。5.D【解析】考查省略和过去分词。句意：丹尼尔答应保守这个秘密，所以即使问他也不会告诉任何人。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句，从句主语和主句主语都是he，和ask之间是被动关系，相同的主语和be动词可以省略，所以这里是过去分词作状语，且ask sb. to do sth.可以省略与前面相同的部分，只留下动词不定式符号to。故选D。6.B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管小女孩被同学们忽略了（尽管同学们玩的时候没有带小女孩），但她没

32、有哭，也没有陷于绝望之中。在though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：Though she was left out by her classmates，本句相当于省略了she was，故B项正确。7.A【解析】考查陈述句和固定短语。句意：当得知他被一所重点大学录取时，他哭了起来。此处when引导的时间状语从句，故空格处是主句，且无需连词，所以排除D项；when引导的从句省略了主语，因此主从句主语一致，故排除B项；从句是一般过去时态，则从句也用一般过去时态，所以排除C项；固定短语：burst into tear

33、s“放声大哭”。故选A。8.A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果不及时治疗，有些健康问题可能会在以后变成更大的问题。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有 be 动词的某种形式（ am/ is / are / was /were ），可同时省略从句的主语和 be 动词的某种形式。例如when，while 引导的时间状语从句以及if，unless，once 引导的条件状语从句等。例句：When （it is）heated to 100, water will turn into vapor. 水加热到 100 摄氏度就会变成蒸汽。If （it is）properly t

34、reated, waste will do no harm to the environment. 如果废物妥善处理，就不会对环境有危害。本题是if引导的条件状语从句的省略，完整的句子为：There are some health problems that, if they are not treated in time, can become bigger ones later on.结合以上分析，故选A。9.C【解析】考查状语从句的省略和动词的用法。句意：当我们走进办公室时，我们发现Winifred坐在一张桌子旁。主从句主语一致，状语从句主语省略，seated表示“坐”的状态,，所以不能

35、用seating，故选C。10.B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一般来说，按照说明书服用，这种药没有副作用。本句为状语从句的省略。完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions，。由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同，且从句中的谓语动词含有be的某种形式，因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和is。故选B项。11.C【解析】考查虚拟语气和省略。句意：真遗憾你昨晚没去看冰雪奇缘2。我本来可以去的，但是我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备。A. would like to想要，愿意；B. ought to应该；C. would have

36、本来可以；D. may have可能。根据下文“我不得不为即将到来的考试做准备”可知，我没有去看，空格处是省略句式，表示“（如果可以）我本来可以去”，与过去事实相反，谓语动词用would have gone.，承前省略gone.，故选C。12.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析和状语从句的省略。句意：当他全神贯注地工作时，他总是忘记吃饭和睡觉。 absorb意为“使全神贯注”，常用句型sb. be absorbed in sth.，意为“某人全神贯注于”。trap意为“使陷入困境”。根据语境，该处指他全神贯注于工作，因此，需要选择用absorb的某种形式。when引导时间状语从句，该从句补充完整为：w

37、hen he is deeply absorbed in work。根据“主从句主语一致，且从句中有be的时候，可以省略从句主语和be”的原则，该从句省略为when deeply absorbed。故选C。13.D【解析】考查省略句。句意：比较这两个国家时，我们发现它们有许多共同之处。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。从句完整为When we are comparing the two countries。

38、省略主语与be动词，故选D。14.C【解析】考查句子结构分析。句意：圣路易斯曾经是美国第24大城市，现在已成为第4大城市。根据逗号后面的now可知，圣路易斯过去是美国的第24大城市。B选项是句子，逗号后面是句子，两句之间缺少连词，排除B。A选项时态和句法均不对，排除A。C选项：曾经是美国第24大城市，意思正确。D选项意思不对。故选C。15.C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这个男孩虽然在农村长大，但很快就适应了这个大城市的生活方式。分析句子可知，本句为状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：though the boy was brought up ,因主句和从句主语相同，且从句动词为 be动词，所以

39、主语和be一同省略。故选C项。16.D【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然他被告诉要停下来，但是他继续工作。根据句意“被告诉”应过去分词，所以选D。told 前省略了he was。故选D项。17.B【解析】考查省略句。句意：当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得很有趣，也很有收获。在when连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。从句完整为When (he was) asked for his views about his teaching job，故选B。18.C【解析】考查状语从句的省略和固定短语。句意：当被问及来自遥远的希腊的雕像是如何出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，

40、毫无疑问，这是亚历山大大帝影响的结果。句子主语researchers和ask之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词的省略形式，相当于when researchers were asked ；短语no doubt意思为：毫无疑问；no wonder意思为：难怪，毫不奇怪。no doubt“毫无疑问”符合句意。故选C项。19.B【解析】考查省略句和现在分词作宾补。句意：你的手机电池在通话过程中耗尽，让你自言自语的时候你是什么感受？leave sb. doing sth.“使某人处于做某事的状态”，宾语you提前做主语，因此用被动语态。所以句中when引导时间状语从句的完整形式是when you ar

41、e left talking to yourself，从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且有be动词，因此省略从句的主语和be动词you are，构成when left talking to yourself。故选B。20.B【解析】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美。分析句子可知，本句为状语从句的省略句，还原后为：When the whole city is seen from the top of the hill,因从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句的动词为be动词，所以主语和谓语可以省略。故B选项正确。21.A【解析】考查省略句。句意：我又矮又瘦，但是我跑得很快，我希

42、望他们能接受我现在的样子。as作为连词，连接句子，句子和前面一致，可以省略，本句完整的句子应为I hope they will accept me as I am short and thin，故选A。22.C【解析】考查省略句。句意：出去吃饭总是有趣。但是如果没有被仔细计划，它也可能破坏我们的地球。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中有be动词的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。本题在if后面省略了it is。故C正确。23.B【解析】考查省略句。句意：一边开车一边打电话是很危险的。主句为it做形式主语，句型it be+ adj.+(for sb.) to do sth

43、.，省略了for you；从句为while引导的省略句，省略了主语和谓语动词，完整为while (you are) talking on the phone。故选B。24.B【解析】考查让步状语从句的省略。句意：尽管当时缺钱，但我还是设法为女儿买了钢琴。although引导的让步状语从句进行了省略，完整的形式是：although I was lacking money at that time。lack用作动词，表示“缺乏”，一般为及物动词，直接接宾语money。故选B。25.B【解析】考查省略句。句意：一个优秀的面试官能够很快判断出你是否做了功课去了解公司，因此一定要确保你做了准备。这儿“m

44、ake sure you have”是“make sure you have done your homework about the company”的省略。故选B。26.C【解析】考查状语从句的省略句。句意：实验表明，适量的锻炼，如果被定期进行，能提高人们的健康。当主从句的主语一致的情况，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，If carried out=if proper amounts of exercise are carried out。选C。27.B【解析】考查短语词义辨析。句意：这里的气候非常好，夏天的温度很少达到30度。if not 要不；if ever如果曾经有，很少；if any

45、如果真有的话；if so假如这样的话。这里意思是“夏天的温度很少达到30度”。故选B。28.C【解析】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：他补充说，“如果有足够的时间，我肯定会做得更好。”此处give的逻辑主语与主句的一致是I，且give与I之间是被动关系，从省略了主语与be动词，只有given。故选C项。29.A【解析】考查状语的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，这里的大多数高中生都喜欢在课堂上保持沉默。当时间/条件/让步状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，从句谓语动词有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。此处是Unless引导的条件状语从句的省略，完整句子为Unless (they a

46、re) invited to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class.此处不存在“正在被邀请”。故选A。30.C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然没有钱，但他的父母还是设法送他上了大学。在时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中，当主、从句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，则可以同时省略从句中的主语和be动词。分析本句可知，lack的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语his parents，他们之间存在着主动关系，所以C. Though lacking 符合此结构。故选C项。31.D【解析】考查状语从句的省

47、略。句意：我不知道你为什么不照吩咐去做。这是你第三次这样做了。本句实际上是as引导的方式状语从句的省略，完整形式为：as you are told to，相当于省略了you are（从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式，可省略从句主语和be），故D项正确。32.C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：人们相信，如果不认真处理，情况会变得更糟。分析句子结构可知此处需要提到一个条件，if not表示“如果不”，if only表示“要是就好了”，在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，完整形式为：if it(the situation)

48、is not carefully dealt with，本句相当于省略了it(the situation) is，根据“the situation will get worse.”可知此处表示“要是不”而不是“要是就好了”，故C项正确。33.A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果没有被小心处理，小小的船很容易就会翻掉。当状语从句从句的主语和主句的主语一致的时候，可以把状语从句从句的主语和系动词一起省略。根据句意，本题为if引导的条件状语从句。if的后面省略了they are。原句为if they are not managed carefully。 故选A。34.D【解析】考查状语从句中的省

49、略。句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。如果把电子游戏交给坏人，它的影响可能很差。when, while, if, as if, although / though, as, until, once, whether, unless, where等引导的从句中，如果其谓语为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；有时从句的主语为it时，也可省略it或从句中的有关成分。2. than, as, no matter what /who等后面成分的省略。故选D项。35.A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：不管贝多芬的作品被演奏多少次，他始终吸引着全世界的人们。

50、这是no matter how引导的让步状语从句，在让步、时间、条件状语从句中，如果主从句中主语一致，从句中谓语含 be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be省略。perform和逻辑主语the works of Beethoven是被动关系，即在how后加the works of Beethoven are performed，此处省略了the works of Beethoven are。故选A。36.B【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：恐惧是潜藏在我们身上的敌人之一，如果不控制，它会毁掉我们的生活。分析句子结构可知，此处考查状语从句的省略，其完整句子为if it is left uncontro

51、lled（状语从句中主从句主语一致，且从句有be时，可省略从句的主语和be），句中it指代fear和leave之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，故选B项。37.B【解析】考查省略句。句意：雷锋是一个随时准备着帮助他人的人，即使曾经有过，他也很少拒绝向他求助的人。A. if never如果曾经没有；B. if ever如果曾经有；C. if not如果不是；D. if any如果有。结合句意可知此处用“如果曾经有的话，一般很少拒绝他们”符合语境，故选B项。38.D【解析】考查连接词辨析。句意：听起来像是发动机有问题，如果是这样的话，我们最好马上去修理厂。A. Otherwise否则；B. If no

52、t如果不；C. But for that要不是；D. If so如果是这样的话。根据语境，故选D。39.A【解析】本题考查省略句。解题步骤：1.确定句式：这句话完整的是If weather does not permit, well not go on a hike in the mountain.此处是该句的省略式句型；2.确定答案：省略重复的部分，剩下if not，not。句意：如果天气允许，我们去山里远足。但是如果天气不允许，我们就不去。故选A。40.D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：苗圃是种植植物以供出售或种植在其他地方的地方。本空与上文to be sold or构成并列非谓语结构，省略

53、相同部分to be，省下planted，故选D。41.B【解析】考查省略句。句意：含羞草，高15厘米，是一种敏感的小植物，一接触就会闭合。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。本句完整应为when（it is）touched。故选B。42.A【解析】考查if的省略句。句意：如果曾经有的话，我们的导师也很少对我们的朗读作评论。根据句意可知，前面有rarely，后面用if ever，表示如果曾经有的话也很少。故选A

54、项。43.D【解析】考查省略句。句意：下列的文章和对话关注的是中国和西方社会的文化差异，如果忽略的话会造成误解。分析句子可知，此处考查if的省略句，其完整形式是if they are ignored，省略主语it和系动词is。故选D项。44.A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：建成后，图书馆将于明年向公众开放。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，library与complete之间是被动关系，本句的完整形式为When it is completed，相当于省略了it is，故A项正确。45.B【解析】考查动词辨析和状语从句的省

55、略句。句意：考试的时候，不要作弊。A. calm使平静；B. cheat作弊；C. list列清单；D. ignore忽略。分析句子可知，本句为状语从句的省略句，原句应该是while you are taking an exam，省略了you are，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 从句谓语中包含be动词, 在此种情况下可以省去从句的主语和be动词.保留be之后的部分，被保留部分常为现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词等 ,由“Dont ， in the exam ” 可知，考试不要作弊，祈使句用动词原形。故选B。46.C【解析】考查if条件状语从句的省略。句意：如果被给予更多时间，我们能做得更

56、好。原句是if we are given more time，当从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 从句谓语中包含be动词, 在此种情况下可以省去从句的主语和be动词.保留be之后的部分，被保留部分常为现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词等,故选C。47.B【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果漆成绿色，门看起来会更漂亮。状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语是be动词的某种形式时，可省去从句中“主语+be”部分。从句中主语为door与paint构成被动关系，省略了主语与be动词后只剩下过去分词painted。故选B。48.C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：妈妈告诉男孩即使有人和他说话也不要和陌生人

57、说话。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致，且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be，本句中相当于省略了he was，完整部分应该是even if he was spoken to，故C项正确。49.D【解析】考查if的省略句。句意：如果你被抓住在课堂睡觉，你就打扫教室一个星期作为惩罚。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，if后面省略了you are，完整的句子是：if you are caught sleeping in class.且固定短语catch sb doing“抓住某人做”，后跟-ing形式，综上，故选D。50.D【解析】考查

58、省略句。句意：友谊像金钱，容易得到却不易保持。本句为状语从句的省略，than keptthan it is kept。故选D。51.B【解析】考查存在句的其他句型和时态、主谓一致。句意：虽然有更多的女性参与到IT工作中，但男性和女性高级职位仍然存在严重的不平衡。结合句意表示“（某处）仍然存在有”，句型为there remain表达客观事实用一般现在时，存在句主谓一致遵循就近一致原则，根据后文的a significant imbalance of male可知，remain用第三人称单数。故选B。52.B【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：没什么事可做，于是我出去散步。分析句子可知，句子的主语是I，

59、谓语是went，空白前面是逗号，因此空白处不能是完整的句子，因此用There being nothing to do做状语。故选B。53.A【解析】考查固定短语和there be的非谓语形式。句意：你认为有多少物种会在水库建成后面临灭绝的威胁？我估计至少有十个。根据短语expect sb to do sth.，还有there be句型，there是相当于sb.，故be动词用不定式。故选A。54.D【解析】考查同位语从句和固定句式。句意：人们对官方广告是否会误导消费者选择电子产品存在一定的怀疑。分析可知，“_the official advertisement has a misleading

60、effect on customers choices of electronic products”应是之前名词doubt的同位语从句，根据语境，表示“是否”，且本句属于同位语从句固定句式结构：there is doubt whether+从句，其中whether引导同位语从句对名词doubt进行补充说明。故选D项。55.A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有公交车，我们不得不乘坐出租车。分析句子结构可知，如果选择B项、C项和D项，则逗号前是一个分句，但是两个分句缺少连接词，并且buses为复数，故也不能使用was和is，因此应选择being，此处为 Therebe句型的独立主格结构作原因

61、状语，在此相当于because there were no buses。故选A。【点睛】独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep

62、sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。This done, we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。The meeting gone over, everyone tried to go home earlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。分析句子结构可知，如果选择B项、C项

63、和D项，则逗号前是一个分句，但是两个分句缺少连接词，并且buses为复数故也不能使用was和is，因此应选择being，此处为 Therebe句型的独立主格结构作原因状语，在此相当于because there were no buses。故选A。56.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们说他们从未梦想过会有如此美丽的景色。dream of doing梦想做，后面接there be句型，用there be的动名词形式there being，故选C。57.A【解析】考查固定句型。句意：他的言行似乎有些不一致。此处为固定句型There seems/appears to be+主语，表示“看上去似乎

64、；好像有”。故选A。58.A考查不定式。句意：令他惊讶的是，在他出生20年后，他从未想过会有一个女人自称是他的生母。Expect to do sth.期待做某事，套入there be句型中即为there to be。故选A项。59.B【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：由于汽车的发动机出了毛病，我们不得不乘出租车去公园。两句话之间没有连词，说明前面是独立主格结构，用there be句型的非谓语形式。故选B项。60.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我做梦也没想到在喧闹的城市里会有这么一个安静的地方。dream of 为动词短语，意为“梦想”，其用法为 dream of (doing) sth.，其中 of 为介词，后面要接名词性成分作宾语。there be 句型中 be 为系动词，此处句子不缺少谓语成分，应该用非谓语动词形式 there being。故正确答案为C。