2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）课时作业：第一编 BOOK 8 UNIT 24 SOCIETY WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时作业.阅读理解A(2019全国卷)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her ebook as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are e

2、aten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechte

3、l said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.

4、“Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interacti

5、on (交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “Its a chance for selfreflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking

6、for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭

7、，他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由。1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about？A.Food variety.BEating habits.C.Table manners.DRestaurant service.答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行了调查，故答案为B。2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch？A.To meet with her coworkers.B.To catch up with her work.C.To

8、have some time on her own.D.To collect data for her report.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间，故答案为C。3.What do we know about Mazoleny？A.He makes videos for the bar.B.Hes fond of the food at the bar.C.He interviews customers at the bar.D.Hes familiar with the barkeeper.答案：D推理判断题。根据题干中的M

9、azoleny可定位到第四段第一、二句，其中“be on a firstname basis”的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可知 Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，故答案为D。4.What is the text mainly about？A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of selfreflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.答案：A主旨大意题。根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后

10、一段第一句再次提及的“eat alone”可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。B(2019山东省潍坊市高三4月二模)Charity is simple in theory: A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives and consequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, or perhaps the hope that giving will

11、somehow make up for past cruelty or ignorance. Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause dependence which makes the receiver continuously ask for more. Giving from the heart is good.But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that dose more harm than good. In his 2

12、012 book, “Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help (And How to Solve the Problem)”， Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in innercity Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves. Due to emergencie

13、s such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcome. Mr Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of selfsupporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering microloans, hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found selfsupported, locally o

14、wned and operated enterprises. What seldom works, he argues, are untargeted handouts from faroff providers and the sudden arrival of inexperienced volunteertourists hoping to earn personal reputation by digging wells or mending roofs that locals are perfectly able to take care of themselves. Getting

15、 charity right isnt easy. But from money raising to the boom in volunteering among Millennials (千禧一代), from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings ability of taking care of

16、 others is growing along with their ability to help without harming. Charity can be as simple as holding the door for a stranger and as complex as a global campaign to get rid of malaria (疟疾). Charity works best when it returns the weak to strength, when it helps a small town shaken by a heavy earth

17、quake get back on its feet. A successful charity is one that eventually is no longer needed. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了正确的慈善行为的必要性以及如何正确地开展慈善活动。5.Why have critics worried about misdirected charity? A.It may do harm to receivers. B.It may cause independence. C.It can be driven by guilt. D.It can be encour

18、aged by duty. 答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good.”可知，批评人士担心错误的慈善行为可能给接受者带来伤害。6.What can be a proper way to give charity in time of natural disasters? A.Hiring faroff volunteers. B.Digging wells for victims. C.Giving out untargeted

19、 handouts. D.Helping locals to be selfsupported. 答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Mr Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of selfsupporting.”可知，帮助当地人自立是自然灾害发生后开展慈善活动的合适方法。7.What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A.Its easy to give charity without harming. B.Millennials are volunteering to raise money.

20、C.Peoples ability of giving charity is improving. D.Charity organizations are spreading all over the world. 答案：C推理判断题。根据第四段尤其是最后一句中的“human beings ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming”可推知，人们进行慈善活动的能力正在提高。8.What is the main idea of the text? A.Th

21、e world is in need of charity. B.Its necessary to get charity right. C.Charity does more good than harm.D.Giving charity is helping ourselves. 答案：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章主要讲的是错误的慈善行为的危害，如何开展正确的慈善活动，以及正确的慈善行为的意义。故B项“正确的慈善行为很有必要”符合文意。.七选五(2020辽宁省五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟考试)How to Become an ActivistActivists are people

22、 who see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it. _1_ If you are interested in it, you can do so._2_ This could be anything from a student club to a national organization. Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement, so you can do whatever you feel

23、most comfortable with, whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little money when you can. Volunteer your time. One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time. Reach out to organizations in your community that do work for your cause, and ask ho

24、w you can help.Donate money or supplies. _3_ If you cant afford to donate money to an organization that supports your cause, you may be able to donate other things they need, like clothing or canned food.Draw the family and friends in. Tell your family and friends about your cause, and invite them t

25、o get involved. If they are interested, share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned. _4_Promote your cause on social media. You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about the cause you support. _5_ Also, you can invite your frie

26、nds to attend events or donate money to fundraisers (募集资金者) for your cause.A.Take classes on issues related to your cause.B.Join an organization that supports your cause.C.They are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.D.If you do volunteer work, invite them to volunteer with you.E.Most

27、 activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.F.Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.G.If you cant get in touch with them in person, then try connecting people online.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。积极分子是指那些看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么的人。本篇文章就如何成为积极分子，从事公益事业提供了一些建议。1.

28、C前一句提到“see the need of change and devote their time to doing something about it”(看到变革的需要并投入时间去做些什么)，由此可推知，设空处应是进一步阐述积极分子这样做的原因，故C项“他们被激情和对更美好的未来的憧憬所驱使”符合语境。2.B根据文章结构和设空处所处位置可知，该设空为本段的主题句。根据本段中的“from a student club to a national organization”和“Most activist organizations”可知，本段的主题是关于加入某个组织的。故选B。3.E前一句

29、提到“Donate money or supplies.”(捐赠金钱或物资)，由此可推知，设空处应是说明这样做的原因，故E项“大多数积极分子或慈善组织需要资源来开展工作”符合语境。4.D本段的主题句为“Draw the family and friends in.”(让家人和朋友参与进来)，设空前一句是说如果他们感兴趣，向他们分享有关你的事业的宣传资料或仅仅告诉他们你学到的东西，设空处应是进一步说明你让朋友和家人参与的具体做法，故D项符合语境。5.F本段的主题句为“Promote your cause on social media.”，本段也提到了利用“social media”，这与F项“

30、发布有用的文章，写下你正在做什么来保持参与”密切相关，故选F。.语法填空(2020湖北省孝感市第一中学高三月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results _1_ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university. China Press _2_ (report) that researchers from the University of South Australia were looking for a way to

31、 improve the bodys absorption towards medication to prevent mental illness.They _3_ (accident) found out that soil does not only attract fat, it could also stop fat from being absorbed into the body and round _4_ digestive system. Meanwhile, other researchers carried out an experiment by _5_ (separa

32、te) mice into two groupsone group _6_ (give) slimming pills and the other group with soil.After two weeks, the weight of the mice _7_ ate soil decreased obviously. This was the basis for claims that eating soil might make it _8_ (easy) for the body to excrete (排泄) fat than taking slimming pills.Howe

33、ver, they _9_ (test) to see if eating soil is safe for the body _10_ if it could cause any side effects in the past few months.1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍吃土的减肥效果可能比吃减肥药的效果好，并介绍了得出该结论的过程。pared考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚的一个研究团队声称，吃土可能比吃减肥药的效果还好。分析句子可知，“compare”与“eating soil”属于逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词

34、形式compared。2.reported考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，与其主语“China Press”为主谓关系，陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时reported。3.accidentally考查词性转换。修饰动词“found”用副词，故用accidentally。4.the考查冠词。消化系统为特指，故用定冠词the。5.separating考查非谓语动词。“by”为介词后接动词ing形式，故用separating。6.was/were given考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，“give”与“group”为动宾关系，“group”既可以作单数，故用was giv

35、en；也可以表示一组老鼠，故也可用复数形式were given。7.which/that考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，“ate soil”作限制性定语从句修饰先行词“mice”，从句缺主语，故用关系代词which或者that。8.easier考查形容词比较级。本句为结构make it形容词， 根据后文的“than”可知，本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式easier。9.have been testing考查动词的时态。分析本句的“in the past few months”可知，研究人员过去几个月都在做的事情，且“test”与其主语“they”为主谓关系，故用现在完成进行时have b

36、een testing。10.or考查连词。分析句子可知，前后句为选择关系，故用连词or。.书面表达开学初老师和家长都要求李华住校学习，而他却喜欢住在家里，双方各持己见。假设你是李华，请用英语把这个情况告诉中学英语报“学生之音”栏目组，请求主持人给予建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.信的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：住校 boardDear Sir，Im a student of Senior 3. Yours，Li Hua精彩范文Dear_Sir，Im_a_student_of_Senior_3. At the beginning of this term, my parent

37、s and teachers asked me to board. They say it will be very convenient for me to ask questions whenever and wherever. Besides, they think boarding will make it possible to make full use of my night time, and that I can also develop the ability to look after myself.However, I have my own thought. Staying at home in the evening, I will have more time to work at my lessons. At the same time, I can learn what I think Im not good at.I really dont know what to do. Please give me your advice！Yours，Li_Hua