2021高考英语一轮统考复习 Book 8 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe课时作业（含解析）外研版.doc

1、Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe.完形填空In 1982, Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank. He was out of the shipping lanes and floating in a life raft, _1_. His supplies were few. His _2_ were small. Yet when three fishermen found him seven

2、tysix days later, he was alivemuch skinnier than he was when he _3_， but alive.The thing that _4_ my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, when there seemed no _5_ in continuing the struggle, when he was suffering greatly, when his lifeboat was broken with a hole an

3、d after more than a week struggling with his weak body to _6_ it, it was still leaking air and wearing him out to keep pumping it up. He was _7_. He was thoroughly _8_. Giving up would have seemed the only wise choice.When people survive these kinds of circumstances, they do something with their _9_

4、 that give them the courage to keep going. Many people in _10_ desperate circumstances give in or go mad. Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the _11_ to carry on.“I tell myself I can _12_ it，” wrote Callahan in his account. “Compared to what others have been _13_， Im fort

5、unate. I tell myself these things over and over, _14_ my determination to keep going.”I wrote that down after I read it. It _15_ me as something important. And Ive told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed _16_ off. And every time Ive said it, I have always come back to my _17_.So here, co

6、ming to us from the extreme edge of _18_， are words that can give us strength. _19_ youre going through, tell yourself you can handle it. Tell this to yourself over and over, and it will help you get through the _20_ spots with a little more determination.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Steven Callahan独自横穿大西洋时

7、遇险，他一次次地鼓励自己，“我能行”，最后靠着顽强的意志和有效的生存技巧存活下来。作者被这句话打动，时常用来勉励自己。1A.aloud BaloneCaside Daboard答案：B根据上文中的“Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone”可知，他是独自一人横穿大西洋的。此处指“他在救生筏里孤独地漂浮着”。故选B。2A.fish BholesCcrew Dchances答案：D根据上文“His supplies were few.”并结合语境可知，帆船沉没了，他漂浮在救生筏上，希望渺茫。chance “机会”，被small修饰时意为“希望渺

8、茫”，符合语境。故选D。3A.started BarrivedCrose Ddisappeared答案：A根据上文“found him seventysix days later”，76天之后还活着，并结合语境可知，他只是比他开始横穿大西洋时瘦多了。start意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。4A.covered BhurtCcaught Dentered答案：Ccatch ones eye为固定短语，意为“引起某人注意，吸引眼球”，符合语境。故选C。5A.point BcompanionCsailor Dopportunity答案：AThere was/seemed no point in d

9、oing sth.为固定句式，意为“做某事没有意义”，此处表示继续抗争已经毫无意义。故选A。6A.board BabandonCsave Dfix答案：D根据上文中的“lifeboat was broken”并结合语境可知，救生艇破了，他拖着虚弱的身躯花了一周多的时间来修理它。fix意为“修理”。故选D。7A.starved BattackedCdisturbed Dsunburnt答案：A根据上文“His supplies were few.”以及第一段最后一句提到的76天之后他才获救可推知，他应该非常饥饿。故选A。8A.excited BexhaustedCamazed Dshocked答

10、案：B根据语境可知，他应该是筋疲力尽了。exhausted “筋疲力尽的”。故选B。9A.tools BdreamsCminds Dhands答案：C根据第三段最后一句“Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the _11_ to carry on.”中的“thoughts”可知，C项“minds”与“thoughts”照应，且与空格后的“that give them the courage to keep going”意思相吻合，符合语境。故选C。10A.similarly BphysicallyCmen

11、tally Ddifferently答案：A根据语境可知，许多与他类似的处于绝望处境中的人最终放弃了或发疯了。故选A。11A.luck BdirectionCcourage Dcompass答案：C根据本段第一句中的“that give them the courage to keep going”中的“courage”可知，此处与其照应，表示帮助他们找寻继续坚持的勇气。故选C。12A.handle Bdelay Crealize Doverlook答案：A根据语境可知，此处表示Callahan告诉自己他可以应付。handle意为“处理；应付”。故选A。13A.into BforCagains

12、t Dthrough答案：D根据语境可知，此处应表示和其他人所经历的相比，Callahan认为自己算是幸运的。through在本句中意为“经过(全部的过程或经历)”，符合语境。故选D。14A.bringing out Bbuilding upCputting forward Dtaking away答案：B根据语境可知，Callahan一遍又一遍地告诉自己这些事，并下定决心坚持下去。build up “增强”。故选B。15A.frightened Bstruck Cdisappointed Dsurprised答案：BIt strike sb. . 为固定句式，意为“某人突然想到”，此处表示作

13、者突然想到一些重要的事情，与下文具体的事情相照应，符合语境。故选B。16A.far BlowCheavy Dbright答案：A根据语境可知，当“我”(作者)的目标似乎遥不可及时，“我”就用它们来勉励自己。far off为固定搭配，意为“遥远的”，符合语境。故选A。17A.status BcrossroadsCtracks Dsenses答案：D根据语境可知，每每念及这几句话，“我”总能有所醒悟。come back to ones senses “恢复理性，醒悟过来”。故选D。18A.survival BvoyageCocean Dexperiment答案：A根据上述事件可知，此处是作者的感悟

14、，表示处在生死边缘时，要想起那些能够给予我们力量的话。survival意为“生存”，符合语境。故选A。19A.However BWhoever CWhatever DWhichever答案：C根据语境可知，此处指无论你经历什么(艰难困苦)，告诉自己你能挺过去。whatever意为“无论什么”，符合语境。故选C。20A.smooth BroughCeasy Dcomfortable答案：B根据语境可知，一遍一遍地用此话鼓励自己，这个信念将会使你更有决心去渡过难关。上文讲的是主人公凭借坚强的信念渡过难关的故事，故此处应表示“渡过艰难险阻”。故选B。.阅读理解A(2020深圳高级中学(集团)高三第一

15、学期第一次测试)We love the sea. We swim into it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine about living under the sea. But were terrified of it, too. For much of our history, we have turned to “hard engineering” to control the marine (海洋) environment and manage its influence on us. We build dams, sea

16、 walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.Johnston, a marine ecologist, is advocating for “blue engineering”the marine version of the “green engineering” movement on land that has seen nations like Singapore building the walls

17、and roofs of the concrete jungle with plant life.We are expanding further into the marine environment. This practice does harm to marine ecosystems. Were loving the sea to death, but weve not been thinking about design of structures (建筑物) with respect to ecology. Some coastal structures create shade

18、, which reduces the growth of seaweed. Bright lights at night contuse species such as turtles. Thats why blue engineering comes in.Throughout the world people are starting to turn things around. Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures foun

19、d on rocky shores with 3D printing technology. These make more attractive homes for marine creatures. Researchers are also actively seeding these tiles with local seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rock oyster, which is particularly good at improving water quality. Twelve harbours around the

20、world are taking part in this marine tile experiment, each working with their own unique marine life.Its far from the days when huge numbers of old tyres were thrown into the sea to build “artificial reef (礁石)”. Those clumsy early attempts are now costing millions to remove, showing just how far we

21、have yet to go in understanding how best to cohabit with the underwater world.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了引进蓝色海洋工程的原因以及如何实施蓝色海洋工程。1What do we know about “hard engineering”？AIt has improved sea environment.BIt can control the influence of sea.CIt has failed to achieve its purpose.DIt makes living under sea i

22、mpossible.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段“We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail. The sea has a habit of taking back its own. And we suffer.”可知，“hard engineering”未能达到它的目的。故选C。2Para. 3 is mainly about the _ to introduce the project of “blue engineering”Adrawbacks BreasonsCprocedure

23、s Dmeasures答案：B段落大意题。第三段中的“This practice does harm to marine ecosystems.”与“Thats why blue engineering comes in.”可知，本段主要讲了引进“蓝色工程”的原因。故选B。3Which of the following is a form of “blue engineering”？AConstructing buildings with plant life.BExpanding into marine environments.CCreating an artificial reef wi

24、th old tyres.DBuilding structures benefiting sea creatures.答案：D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles (瓦片) similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology.”可知，建造对海洋生物有益的结构是“蓝色工程”的一种形式。故选D。4What is the writers feeling towards th

25、e present situation of marine environment?ARelieved. BDoubtful.CSatisfied. DDisappointed.答案：A推理判断题。由第四段首句和最后一段首句可推知作者对海洋环境的现状持放心态度。relieved “放心”；doubtful “不确定的”；satisfied “满意的”；disappointed “失望的”。故选A。BWhat are your retirement plans? Keep working? Get more exercise? Or learn something new? You may pu

26、t_them_on_hold. Theres a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars (火星)On Thursday, National Geographic will show the first ever Mars show home, giving earthlings an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. Set in the notsod

27、istant year of 2037, the iglooshaped structure could be the home of your future.It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisablekitchen, bedroombut there are fundamental difference

28、s that are vital for human survival.As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earths, people will need permanent shelter from the sun and society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses wont have windows. The homes wi

29、ll have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double airlocked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.“We dont think of our h

30、ouses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre，” says Stephen Petranek, author of How Well Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of scifi. “Ten to twenty years from now there will certainly be people on Mars，” Petranek says.“Weve had the technology for 30 yea

31、rs to land people on Mars, but we havent had the will，” Petranek says. “But two main factors have completely swung public attitudes.The private companies participation has forced government agencies to up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught societys eye.”篇章导

32、读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐释了人类未来在火星上居住的愿景。5What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?APut them off.BGive them away.CCarry them through.DTake them seriously.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第一段画线部分上下文可推知，之前列举的退休计划都可能被搁置下来，而去火星居住迟早会成为现实，故选A。6According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of s

33、ending people to Mars?AThe great influence of Mars show home.BThe development of related technology.CThe competition from private companies.DThe popularity of influential books on Mars.答案：C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The private companies participation has forced government agencies to up their game”可知，Petranek认

34、为一些私人企业的参与推进了送人类去火星居住这一设想的进程，故选C。7What is the best title for the text?ALiving on Mars: Possible or NotBSending People to Mars: Yes or NoCFirst Ever Show Home: How Is It MadeDFuture Home on Mars: What Will It Be like答案：D标题判断题。根据全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要阐释了人类未来在火星上居住的愿景，故选D。.短文改错(2020惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)To support t

35、he activity name “Green Travel, Start with Me”， I talk to my parents about my ideas. They were very supportive, say they would not drive work from then on. In the following weeks, as they promised, I went to school by bike every day, while my parents went to work by bus. Though we were tired, but we

36、 all felt happily. Last Friday, the class meeting was held. Some parents were invited, including my father and mother. We shared our thought during the meeting. All of us held the same view which environmental protection is so important for our life.答案：1第一句：namenamed考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词name与the activ

37、ity之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。2第一句：talktalked考查动词的时态。根据文章内容可知，全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，使用的时态都为一般过去时，所以此处也应该用一般过去时。3第二句：saysaying考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，say和其逻辑主语They之间为主动关系，故用其现在分词形式saying作伴随状语。4第二句：drive后加to考查介词。此处表示“开车去上班”，故用介词to “向，朝”。5第三句：theywe考查代词。根据后面的“I went to . while my parents . by bus”可知，此处表示正如我们(我和父母)许诺的一样，

38、而非只是父母他们。6第四句：去掉but考查连词。Though和but不能连用，故去掉but。7第四句：happilyhappy考查形容词。此处感官动词felt作系动词，后应接形容词作表语。8第五句：thea考查冠词。此处在文中第一次提到，表泛指，表示“举行了一次班会”，又class的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。9第七句：thoughtthoughts考查名词。此处thought意为“看法”，为可数名词，此处表示“我们的看法”，为复数概念，应该用复数形式。10第八句：whichthat考查同位语从句的连接词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处引导的从句解释说明the same view的具体内容，作其同位语，且此处连接词不作句子成分，无语意，仅起连接作用，故用that。