2022版高中英语 Unit 4 Wildlife protection 高考练（含解析）新人教版必修2.docx

1、Unit 4 Wildlife protection五年高考练阅读理解A(2021全国甲,B,)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育)programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne we

2、re delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养).Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously were all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. Shes healthy, strong and already eag

3、er to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable

4、female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. H

5、is mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.词汇积累1.reserve n.保护区 vt.预留,预定2.obviously adv.明显地3.fanta

6、nstic adj.极好的4.adorable adj.可爱的,讨人喜欢的5.candidate n.候选人6.critically endangered极度濒危的1.Which of the following best describes the breeding programme? A.Costly.B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.D.Successful.2.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A.She loves staying with her mother.B.She dislikes ou

7、tdoor activities.C.She is in good condition.D.She is sensitive to heat.3.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A.They had their first born in January.B.They enjoyed exploring new places.C.They lived with their grandmothers.D.They were brought to the reserve young.4.What can be inferred ab

8、out Port Lympne Reserve?A.The rhino section will be open to the public.B.It aims to control the number of the animals.C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.B (2020全国,C,)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for t

9、he environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different st

10、yles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the f

11、ashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种). Its destroying the environment. Its them or us,”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur

12、trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt

13、 about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI th

14、ink thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-frie

15、ndly.词汇积累1.environmentalist n.环保主义者2.ecologist n.生态学家3.enthusiast n.热心者,热烈的支持者4.bring back使再度流行;使恢复5.showcase vt.使展现6.multiply vt.繁殖7.promote vt.提高;促进;促销8.option n.选择9.massive adj.巨大的10.morally adv.道德上11.acceptable adj.可接受的;令人满意的5.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?

16、A.To promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion market.C.To introduce a new brand.D.To celebrate a winter holiday.6.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B.Nutria are an endangered species.C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D.Nutria are illegally hu

17、nted.7.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.8.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A.Its formal.B.Its risky.C.Its harmful.D.Its traditional.C(2019天津,C,)How does an ecosystem(生态系统) wo

18、rk? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key princip

19、les operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs ma

20、y be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch a

21、llows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists p

22、roposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished

23、for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt hu

24、man activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.词汇积累1.note vt.指出;注意;留意 n.笔记2.c

25、onsist of由组成3.dominate vt.支配;控制4.arrangement n.安排5.stable adj.稳定的6.original adj.最初的;原创的7.reveal vt.揭示;揭露8.throughout adv.遍及;到处;自始至终9.propose vt.提议;建议10.scale n.规模11.ecological balance 生态平衡12.borderline n.分界线9.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A.The liv

26、ing habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.10.A strong link is found between two species when a predator.A.has a wide food choice B.can ea

27、sily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place11.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living e

28、nvironment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.S

29、pecies of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.13.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A.By getting illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ec

30、osystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.答案全解全析五年高考练A语篇解读本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动植物。文章主要介绍了林姆尼港保护区新出生了一头犀牛幼崽。1.D推理判断题。根据题干中的“the breeding programme”将答案区域锁定在第一段。本题题干意为:下列哪一项能最好地描述这个繁育项目?根据第一段第一句中的 “has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf”和最后一句

31、中的“as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity”可知, 圈养状态下繁育黑犀牛是困难的,而保护区迎来了一头新生黑犀牛幼崽,所以这个繁育项目是非常成功的, 故答案为D项。2.C细节理解题。根据题干中的 “Paul Beer say” 将答案区域锁定在第二段。本题题干意为:关于这头新生犀牛,Paul Beer 说了什么? 根据第二段中 “Shes healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore.” 可知,新生犀牛身体状况良好,故答案为C项。3.A细

32、节理解题。根据题干中的 “Solio and Kisima”可知要先明确两个名字的身份。本题题干意为:Solio 和Kisima 有什么相似经历?根据第一段第二句中的“When the tiny creature arrived on January 31”及第二段中的“Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.” 可知Solio是一月份第一次产崽。根据第三段第二句中的“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5

33、 to first-time mother Kisima”可知 Kisima也是一月份第一次产崽,故答案为A项。4.D推理判断题。先看选项,然后快速浏览原文,找到与原文意思相符的选项。本题题干意为: 关于Port Lympne Reserve 我们能推断出什么?根据第三段第一句中的“but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild”可知,有些犀牛可能被送回野生动物保护区,故答案为D项。解题技巧在处理推理判断题时,如果直

34、接分析有难度,可通读四个选项,把错误的选项排除,也可获得答案。长难句分析原句Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.分析本句中由并列连词but连接两个分句。在后面的分句中,as soon as引导时间状语从句,“that the little one . eve

35、ry day”为同位语从句,作名词doubt的同位语。句意天气对它们来说还是有点太冷不能外出,但我毫不怀疑天气一暖和起来,这头小犀牛就会每天出去探索、玩耍。B语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。文章介绍了一些生态学家和时装爱好者试图让海狸鼠毛皮重回市场及其原因。本文旨在培养学生多角度看待问题的能力。5.A主旨大意题。 本题题干意为:新奥尔良和布鲁克林时装秀的目的是什么?根据第一段第二句(不过,一些生态学家和时装爱好者正试图让海狸鼠毛皮市场复苏),以及第二段Cree McCree所说的话(除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地,否则毫无愧疚地谈论毛皮听起来很不理

36、智)可推断出A项(毫无愧疚地销售毛皮)正确。B:拓展时装市场;C:介绍新的品牌;D:庆祝寒假。6.A细节理解题。 本题题干意为:为什么科学家很担心海狸鼠?根据第四段第一句可知海狸鼠是由阿根廷引进的非本地物种,再结合Michael Massimi所说的话(那里的生态系统无法处理这个非本地物种。它正在破坏环境)可知A项(海狸鼠严重破坏了生态系统)正确。B:海狸鼠是濒危物种;C:海狸鼠危害了当地体型如猫般大小的动物;D:海狸鼠被非法捕猎。7.D词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第五段中的画线单词“collapsed”可能是什么意思?根据第五段中的but可知,上文(毛皮贸易控制了海狸鼠几十年)与下文(当海狸鼠

37、市场在20世纪80年代末,这种猫般大小的动物疯狂地繁殖)存在转折关系,可推断出市场应该是“垮掉”了。故选D。A:繁荣;B:变得成熟;C:保持稳定。8.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:根据Morgan关于在纽约穿皮草,我们能推断出什么?根据最后一段第二句Morgan说的话(给人们一个没有负罪感的选择,他们穿着皮草,却没有人朝他们泼油漆我觉得那将是一件大事,至少在纽约是这样)可推断出B项(它是有危险的)正确。A:它是正式的;C:它是有害的;D:它是传统的。长难句分析原句It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless you understand t

38、hat the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.分析本句是一个主从复合句,It是形式主语,to talk about guilt-free fur是真正的主语,unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year是条件状语从句,that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year是宾语从句。句意除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地,(否则)毫无愧疚地谈论毛皮听起来很不理智。

39、C语篇解读本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然环境。地球上的生态系统是如何运转的呢?物种之间有的关系非常紧密,有的关系疏远,科学家用数学模型来弄清生态系统运转的奥秘。本文有助于培养学生的思维品质。9.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:在食物网数学模型的帮助下科学家们已经发现了什么?第二段第一句话(利用这种模型,科学家们已经发现了一些在食物网运行过程中的关键原则)与B项(影响生态系统食物网的规则)相符,故选B项。A:在食物网中物种的生活习惯。C:研究生态系统中物种的方法。D:食物网中关系疏远和关系紧密的区别。10.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:当一个捕食者,我们会从两个物种之间找到一个紧

40、密的关系。第二段第三句话(当一个捕食者总是大量吃一种猎物的时候,这两个物种之间就建立起了紧密的关系)与C项(坚持吃一个物种的猎物)相符,故选C项。A:有广泛的食物选择。B:能很容易找到新的猎物。D:能很快迁徙到另一个地方。11.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:如果食物网顶端的捕食者数量大量减少,会发生什么事?根据第三段第一句(数学模型也揭示出食物网可能不稳定,顶端的捕食者的小小变化都会给整个生态系统带来巨大影响)可知,当食物网顶端的捕食者数量大幅度减少时,食物网中的其他物种的数量会受到意想不到的影响,故选D项。A:它们直接捕食的猎物物种会灭绝。文中没有提及会灭绝,排除A项。B:它们不直接捕食的物种

41、会变成顶端捕食者。C:其他物种的生活环境会保持不变。12.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论?第四段中以人类在海洋中捕食顶端捕食者鳕鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端捕食者狼为例来解释说明第一句话。结合These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可知A项(不受控制的人类活动极大地打乱了生态系统)与此相符,故选A项。B:快速的经济发展威胁到了动物的栖息地。C:具有商业价值的物种控制了其他物种。D:工业活动有助于保持食物网稳定。这三项文中均没有信息提及。13.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:一个早期的警报系统

42、会如何帮助我们保持生态平衡?根据最后一段的描述:这套预警系统可以告诉我们什么时候调整将生态系统推向崩溃的人类活动或甚至能将生态系统从崩溃边缘拉回。预防是关键,一旦生态系统超过了临界点那就非常难恢复了。D项(这套系统通过发出紧急信号来让我们采取预防措施)与此相符,故选D项。A:通过控制非法行为。B:通过阻止我们捕杀大型捕食者。这两项文中没有信息提及。C:通过把遭到破坏的生态系统拉回到正常状态。 预警系统本身不能做到这一点,它只能给人类发出信号。长难句分析原句Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.分析本句是一个主从复合句。逗号前面部分是句子的主句。逗号后是关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词food webs。句意数学模型也揭示出食物网可能是不稳定的。在食物网中顶端捕食者的小小的变化会对整个生态系统产生巨大的影响。