2022届高考人教版英语一轮学案：必修1 UNIT 4　EARTHQUAKES WORD版含解析.doc

1、Unit 4Earthquakes话题：目标指引【场景背诵】体会黑体表达并背诵全文I am an active playgoer and playreader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and p

2、urpose of the short play. (2020高考浙江卷A )【话题运用】根据提示进行写作1不是所有的希望都破灭了。All hope was not lost.2要接受他们，给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩，充实美满。Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.在认识的单词前打“”earthquake nquake n.crack n& vt.& vi. smelly adj.farmyard n. pi

3、pe n.event n. dam n.canal n. steam n.survivor n. brick n.track n. shelter n.title n. bar n.reporter n. outline n.headline n. well n.cyclist n.1burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发2event n事件；大事3ruin n废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产4suffering n苦难；痛苦5destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭6rescue n& vt.援救；营救7trap vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境8disaster n灾难；灾祸9bury v

4、t.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏10damage n& vt.损失；损害1nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的nationality n国籍2shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的3injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的4express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n表达；表情5frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的6c

5、ongratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺7sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地sincere adj.真诚的8dirt n污垢；泥土dirty adj.脏的9mine n矿；矿山；矿井miner n矿工10useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful adj.有用的11extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极度地12judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n意见；判断力；审判强化训练一、根据所给提示，用适当形式填空1After learning that the boys had

6、been lost for almost 20 hours，the police sent out a rescue (营救) team to look for them.2Too much drinking will do damage (伤害) to your health；you should take the doctors advice.3This is one of the worst natural disasters (disaster) ever to hit the area.4With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine

7、，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.5The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)6A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two days.(2018高考北京卷)7The tests show t

8、hat the social environment is extremely (extreme) influential when were making decisions. (2020新高考全国卷)8Had I created all my characters and places up front may have ruined (ruin) the whole thing. 9Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose.(nation)10After seeing the frightening fil

9、m，the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)11Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injury was not serious，not life threatening.(injure)12The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the ex

10、citing congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)13Judging from his looks，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)14Fortunately，the miners who were trapped in the mine were rescued

11、by the rescue teams.(mine)15People were shocked to know that the little girl was killed in an accident.The shocking news shocked all the people around，which was also a shock to her father who was working abroad.(shock)二、熟词生义(写出加黑词的词义)1We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the

12、characters we were going to play. 深入研究 2Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However，be careful not to go to extremes.走极端 3Suddenly another thought went through Kates mind like an electric shock.电击 【联想记忆】各

13、种自然灾害drought n旱灾；干旱hurricane n飓风sandstorm n沙尘暴 landslide n山体滑坡volcano n火山 snowstorm n暴风雪tornado n龙卷风 tsunami n海啸1right away 立刻；马上2in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪3a (great) number of 许多；大量的4judge from 从判断5be trapped in 陷入6think little/nothing of 认为没什么了不起7at an end 结束；终结8dig out 掘出；发现9be proud of 以而自豪10be buried i

14、n 埋头于活用一：A terrible fire broke out at midnight. A great number of firefighters were sent to the scene right away. The fire spread so quickly that the building lay in ruins in no time. Judging from the situation，many people were trapped in the fire. The firefighters did all they could to put out the

15、fire and tried to carry the trapped people out.活用二：My holiday was nearly at an end and I paid a visit to my cousin. When I came in，he was buried in reviewing his lessons in his study. He got top marks in the final exam and his parents were proud of him. However，he thought nothing of what he had achi

16、eved.原句展示仿写运用1In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.解读too.to.意为“太而不能”。2It seemed as if the world was at an end!解读as if.表示“似乎/好像”。3All hope was not lost.解读all.not not all.表示部分否定。1正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。”(2018高考北京卷，书面表达)As the old saying goes，“Its never too late to learn”2一对

17、年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world3最近的一项调查表明，在我们学校并非所有的学生都在课余时间进行体育锻炼。A recent survey shows that all the students in our school dont take physical exercise/not all the students in our school

18、take physical exercise in their spare time.词汇精研1burst vi.(burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入(2) 突然哭/笑起来burst with anger 勃然大怒(3)a burst of 一阵经典例句In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在城市里，一些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire wa

19、s put out. 灭火器发出两声巨响，火被扑灭了。【基础检测】单句语法填空/单句改错I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst inA fire was burst out last night，and his house was in ruins.去掉第一个was 【能力提升】一句多译看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。When she saw her classmates burst into laughter because of her foolish

20、mistakes，she burst into tears(burst into)Seeing her classmates burst out laughing because of her foolish mistakes，she burst out crying(burst out；分词短语作状语)2ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；常用复数废墟 vt.(使)毁坏(spoil or destroy completely)；成为废墟(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟fall into ruin 毁灭；灭亡(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health

21、/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途高考例句(2020高考全国卷)Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?谁没有收到过令人恼怒以至于一天都郁闷的电子邮件呢？【基础检测】单句语法填空With time going on，the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.【能力提升】一句多译地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。The whole city lay in ruins after

22、 the earthquake and it made us awake all night.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.(定语从句)The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, making us awake all night.(非谓语动词作状语)3injure vt.(injured, injured, injuring)损害；伤害(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured伤员(2)inj

23、ury n伤；伤口；伤害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人高考例句(2020高考全国卷)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.研究显示，竞走与跑步有很多共同的有益健康的好处，但竞走可能造成的伤害更小。不过，它也有自己的问题。【基础检测】单句语法填空One of the b

24、est players had been injured (injure)，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured (injure) ankle hurt badly.(2018高考北京卷)A war injury (injure) has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.(2019高考天津卷)【能力提升

25、】句式升级My left foot was seriously injured，so I cant go with you as planned.With my left foot seriously injured，I cant go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)4bury vt.埋葬，掩埋(place in a grave or tomb)；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心(1)埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面经典例句The army organized teams to dig out those who were

26、 trapped and to bury the dead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。Though buried in books these days, I have still joined several students clubs in order to improve myself.尽管这些天我埋头读书，我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部以提升自己。【基础检测】单句语法填空Buried (bury) in his research those days, he could spare no time to his own child. (2020高考全国卷，书面

27、表达)【能力提升】一句多译由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。(bury)Because he buried himself in his books，he didnt know it was raining outside.Because he was buried in his books，he didnt know it was raining outside.Burying himself in his books，he didnt know it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)Buried in his books，he didnt know it

28、 was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)5judge n裁判员(referee)；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决(1)judge.from/by. 从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从来看；根据来判断(3)judgment n判断经典例句As the saying goes，“You cant judge a book by its cover.” 常言道，“我们不能以貌取人。”judging from/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。【基础检测】单句语法填空/单句改错The

29、economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged (judge)(2018高考江苏卷)Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15Judged from his expression, he was not satisfied with the answer.JudgedJudging 【能力提升】单句写作我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。As far

30、 as I can judge, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.6at an end 结束；终结(1)at the end of. 在尽头；在末端by the end of. 到结束时，到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于(2)come to an end 结束put an end to sth. 结束；终结make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出(3)end up with. 以结束end up doing sth. 以做结束经典例句When the jou

31、rney was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。【基础检测】单句语法填空The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)Jim entered the competition without much hope，not thinking he would

32、end up with the first prize.By the end of next month，we will have finished (finish) all our tasks.【能力提升】词汇升级The speech contest finished. Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.The speech contest was at an end. Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and

33、 my hard work paid off in the end7a (great) number of 许多；大量的(1)可数名词复数复数谓语(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语(3)不可数名词(4)plenty of/large quantities of/a large quantity of不可数名词/可数名词复数(5)many a(n)单数可数名词单数谓语经典例句Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人

34、们正在睡觉。【基础检测】单句语法填空As China develops fast and steady，a number of foreigners are learning (learn) Chinese as a second language.As the number of English learners is (be) on the rise，its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.There are (be) a great many talented people wait

35、ing to be discovered.Large quantities of nuts is found inside the trees.isare 【能力提升】补全句子此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。In addition，there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.句式剖析1It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！ 教材原句It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if.(对某

36、人来说)似乎(1)as if 从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的(2)as if 从句用虚拟语气：从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)经典例句It seemed as if my deskmate was very nervous when he answered the question.在回答问题的时候，我同桌看起来很紧张。【基础检测】单句语法填空It seemed as if the teachers participating in the race had b

37、een (be) younger. (2020新高考全国卷，书面表达)When he saw his mother at the street corner，the boy cried sadly as if he had been scolded (scold) by someone else.Dont handle the vase as if it were made (make) of steel.【能力提升】句式升级/补全句子The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if he was looking for som

38、ething.The teacher walked here and there on the playground as if looking for something房子看起来好像就要倒塌似的。The house looked as if it was about to fall down. 2All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 教材原句(1)all.not.not all.意为“并非所有的都”。(2)部分否定用法：含“全部/所有/任何”等意义的词与not连用，如：all，both，everything，always等。(3)全部否定用法：英语中的no，

39、none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。经典例句Not everyone likes this book.并不是每个人都喜欢这本书。Nothing she did pleased him.她做的事没有一件让他高兴的。【能力提升】句型转换/一句多译Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for the

40、m.Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because all of them are not fit for them.Both of the two maths problems are not very difficult.Not both of the two maths problems are very difficult.事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得很重要。The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time man

41、agement.The truth is that everyone is not attaching great importance to time management.单句语法填空1He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.2It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining (ruin) our holiday.3He sank into a chair，burying (bury) his face in his hands

42、.4Judging (judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we dont judge a man by/from his looks.5The class was at an end and he set down what the teacher said.6A great deal of money was donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention.7Dad proposed t

43、hat we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that.8Now a great number of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is often not enough.(be)9When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks

44、as if it were (be) broken.10Its shocking (shock) that hospitals can deny help to older people.单句改错1As China develops fast and steadily，a number of foreigners are learning theChinese as a second language.2Tens of thousands trees are planted each year on the TreePlanting Day ofall over the country.3A

45、great many houses destroyed in the earthquakes and many people were became homeless.4An earthquake left the whole town in theruins.5Back from the cinema，the couple were shocking on seeing their house broken shockedin.6Last week I went to see my teacher her husband lost his life in the earthquake.who

46、se.思维训练Step 1: 先盲填(不看参考词汇只根据语篇逻辑)It was a frightening night. The dam cracked and then 1burst under the weight of the water. The water went all over the fields and 2destroyed quite a few villages. Some buildings were in ruins and some farmers were trapped at the top of their houses. The water filled

47、the canals and the well. Dead bodies and 3injured animals were seen everywhere. People were 4shocked, but they had to bury the dead bodies for health reasons. It was a very sad time. All 5hope was not lost, because rescue workers rushed to the site.Step 2：再参考提供词汇(注意词形变化，有两个多余词汇)destroy; victim; burs

48、t; hope; injure; survive; shockStep 3：核对答案并背诵短文.话题书面表达2017年5月四川九寨沟发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文Dear Sir/Madam，Im Li Hua，a student from Jiuzhaigou. Im writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue (感激你们及时的援助)，because without

49、your rescue my life couldnt return to normal.A few days ago，an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown (一场极其可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡)，which left many houses in ruins (成为废墟) and completely destroyed my home (彻底毁坏了我的家)I was surprised to find everything buried under the fallen houses (埋于倒塌的房屋下面)，so I b

50、urst into tears/burst out crying (我大哭起来)To me，it seemed as if the world was at an end (好像世界末日到了)Thankfully，strangers as you are，you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and drink to survive on. Without you，I couldnt imagine my situation now. I cant

51、express my gratitude too much.Yours sincerely，Li Hua(二)按要求升级词汇和句式1用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇(1)manya great number of (2)surprisedshocked 2按要求升级句式(1)利用“介词which”非限制性定语从句升级句Im writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue，without which my life couldnt return to normal(2)利用分词作状语升级句Surprised to find everythi

52、ng buried under the fallen houses，I burst into tears/burst out crying.(过去分词)Finding everything buried under the fallen houses surprisingly, I burst into tears/burst out crying. (现在分词)自然灾害与防范flood n洪水hurricane n飓风sandstorm n沙尘暴typhoon n台风volcano n火山snowstorm n雪暴；暴风雪tornado n龙卷风tsunami n海啸landslide n山

53、体滑坡drought n旱灾；干旱natural disasters 自然灾害the sufferings of the people in the stricken area 灾区人民所受的苦难practice survival skills 练习求生技能escape from danger 逃离危险build a shelter 建造避难所wipe out the whole village 把整个村庄夷为平地in urgent need of 迫切需要return to normal 恢复正常find shelter from 避开the extreme lack of water, food and electricity 极度缺水、食物和电earthquake victims 地震受难者rescue team 营救组pull through 熬过