2022年新教材高考英语一轮复习 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION训练（含解析）新人教版选择性必修第四册.doc

1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTIONA卷小题夯基练.语境填词1Each consumer who purchases a pound of coffee will receive a box of fortunate cookie as a new year bonus(意外奖励). 2TV serves as not only entertainment, but also a kind of education so absurd(荒谬的) plots should be deleted.3Instead of bringing me down, the past failures

2、 gave me the urge(渴望) to strive harder to achieve my dreams.4In order to relieve her pain, I rushed to fetch(拿来) the medicine and helped her take it with a glass of warm water.5Liu Cixins novel The ThreeBody Problem won the Hugo, which has had a positive effect on science fiction(小说) in his home cou

3、ntry.6Shanghai has encouraged factories to suspend(暂缓) production during peak electricity demand periods and offices and shopping centres to cut back on air conditioning and lighting.7If you want to improve your English, youd better make a weekly(每周的) plan.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2019江苏卷)The expl

4、osion(explode) had left a hole more than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.2(2018全国卷)Dismissing(dismiss) small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation.3I still feel guilty(g

5、uilt) about terrible things I said to my father when I was a teenager.4It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy(mud) track.5There have been so many conflicts(conflict) in the world recently. As a result, people are concerned about the world peace.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)1(2020新高考山

6、东卷)Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.2Seborga(塞波加) is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s.3Technology could help humans keep pace with the fast development of artificial intelligence.4Zhang Zheng was appointed as captain of Ch

7、inas first aircraft carrier “Liaoning”5We have a relationship greatly superior to those of many of our friends.6The exhibition sponsored by several famous companies turned out to be a great success.7Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.选词填空test out, more l

8、ike, on a regular basis，(be)superior to，take over, conflict with, turn out1His present work is to test_out new designs of cars before they are put on the market.2We decided to meet at the art center on_a_regular_basis in order to discuss the problems and exchange updates.3In ancient times, the noble

9、 always considered themselves superior_to the working class, although they may not be so.4As it turned_out,_some students living in poverty can barely afford the basic education fees, let alone the extra charge for school uniforms.5In this novel, the author depicts the process of the heroine finding

10、 her identity though her values conflict_with social expectations.完成句子/一句多译1(浙江卷)然后，我得到了一个终生难忘的教训。(then位于句首的完全倒装句)Then_came_the_lesson Ive taken with me through my life.2我打算做一份兼职，通过它我可以开阔视野。I_intended_to_take_up a parttime job, through which I can have my horizons broadened.3卫生当局建议人们锻炼时不用佩戴口罩。The he

11、alth authorities suggested that_people_not_wear_masks when doing exercise.4如果你不能安排在正式办公时间，大多数教授都愿意单独预约来帮助你摆脱困境。If you cant make the official office hours, most professors are willing to make_individual_appointments to help you out.5法官宣布他是比赛的获胜者。The judge declared_him_to_be_the_winner of the competit

12、ion.(简单句)The judge declared_that_he_was_the_winner of the competition.(复合句)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021福建高三质检)At Englands University of Plymouth, Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music. Mirandas robots have simple “vocal cords(声带)” and are programmed to sing and listen

13、 to each other.The robots unique warbling sounds (颤音) do not perfectly match the human voice, but each machine is exactly sharing music with the other in a new and unique way.Each robot is equipped with speakers, software that mimics the human voice, a mouth that opens as it “sings”， a microphone fo

14、r ears, and a camera for eyes.The robots also move. Miranda hopes that by studying his robot vocalists, he can discover something about how and why humans create, perform, and listen to music.When the robots sing, the first robot makes six random sounds. Its partner responds with more sounds.The fir

15、st robot analyzes the sounds to see if their sequences (顺序) are similar. If they are, it nods its head and commits the sounds to memory, and the second robot notices and “memorizes” the musical sequence, too. If the first robot thinks the sounds are too different, it shakes its head and both robots

16、ignore the sounds.Then the process continues.Miranda set up an experiment in which he left the two robots alone in his study for two weeks. When he returned, his little warblers had, by imitating each other, not only shared notes but combined them.The product of their cooperation was far from sympho

17、nic, but the robots had begun to combine the notes into their own selfdeveloped “songs”With the help of his warbling robots, one of Mirandas goals is to create music that no human would ever compose. Miranda believes the robots are ideal for this purpose because they would not be influenced by any e

18、xisting musical styles or rules.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。普利茅斯大学的教授爱德华多米兰达通过编写程序让一对机器人创作音乐。文章介绍了米兰达的实验过程以及他的目标等。1Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mimics” in paragraph 2?ASubstitutes.BInterrupts.CControls. DCopies.D解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“a mouth that opens as itsings， a microphone for ears, and

19、a camera for eyes”可知，“唱歌”时嘴张开、麦克风用作耳朵、摄像头用作眼睛。由此可推知，此处表示用来模仿人声的软件，故D项正确。A项意为“代替、取代”，B项意为“打断”，C项意为“控制”，D项意为“模仿”。2What did the two robots do during Mirandas experiment?AThey interacted with each other.BThey ignored the unique sound.CThey learned to sing better than humans.DThey committed random sounds

20、 to memory.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的第一、二句“When the robots sing, the first robot makes six random sounds.Its partner responds with more sounds.”可知，当机器人唱歌时，第一个机器人发出六个随机的声音；它的同伴会发出更多的声音来回应。并结合该段其他内容可知，在唱歌时，机器人之间会互动，故A项正确。3What does Miranda want his robots to do?ASing as well as humans do.BCreate new styles of

21、music.CMemorize a variety of music.DPromote traditional musical forms.B解析：细节理解题。根据尾段中的第一句“With the help of his warbling robots, one of Mirandas goals is to create music that no human would ever compose.”可知，米兰达的目标之一就是凭借机器人的帮助创作出人类永远无法创作出的音乐，即创造出新风格的音乐，故B项正确。4What is the text mainly about?AFuture robo

22、ts. BSpecial songs.CMusic by robots. DExperiments by Miranda.C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段中的第一句“At Englands University of Plymouth, Professor Eduardo Miranda has been programming pairs of robots to compose music.”为全文的主旨句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了爱德华多米兰达教授用机器人创作音乐的实验过程。故C项正确。B(2021武汉部分学校高三质检)Never play games with a

23、bot (robot)it will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hideandseek. The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.Bowen Baker at OpenA

24、I and his colleagues wanted to see if the teambased dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的)environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders, and left them to play team g

25、ames of hideandseek. The bots each had their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directly.At first, the hiders simply ran away. But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. The seeker

26、s learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls. The bots then discovered that being a teamplayerpassing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideoutwas the quickest way to win.But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.Seekers

27、 found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above. Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. “Maybe theyll even be abl

28、e to solve problems that humans dont yet know how to.” However, it is a large leap (跳跃)from virtual hideandseek to real problemsolving. “The main limitation is that it is in simulation，” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人，这些机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。5Why

29、 did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research?ATo teach bots to play games.BTo train bots to use basic tools.CTo find if bots may cheat like humans.DTo see the potential of bots cooperation.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，OpenAI的博文贝克和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能，故D项正确。6Whats the third pa

30、ragraph mainly about?AThe tools of the research.BThe design of the research.CThe competitors of the game.DThe environment of the game.B解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏；且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。7What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?APass

31、ing objects.BMoving boxes around.CMaking use of faults.DHiding themselves from view.C解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出了相应的例子；结合尾段中的第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。8What does Chelsea think of the fi

32、nding of the research?AIt can bridge a gap in the AI research.BIt will not be influenced by the real world.CIt will definitely help the real problemsolving.DIt may not be realized out of the virtual world.D解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中的切尔西芬恩所说的话“The main limitation is that it is in simulation”可知，切尔西芬恩认为主要的局限在于机器人的

33、互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，切尔西芬恩认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。【难句分析】Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the teambased dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中if引导宾语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词skills，that在从句中作主语。译文：OpenAI的博文贝克和

34、他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能。C(2021新高考八省联考模考)In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate cha

35、nge. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make ecofriendly lifestyle choices than, lets say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new ecofriendly products or used tra

36、ditionally produced goods?After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissi

37、ons (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we usethose related to their production and breakdown.Based on this understan

38、ding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances

39、(设备) that we need we can go with new, energysaving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energysaving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes int

40、o the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the_footprint the product will make once it gets to you.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过研究和对比新型环保产品和旧的传统产品在碳足迹方面的影响，从而说明该如何选择更环保的生活方式。9What is the text mainly about?AWhat appliances to buy to save energy.BWhat a carbon footprint means i

41、n our life.CHow to identify different carbon footprints.DHow to make ecofriendly lifestyle choices.D解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过研究和对比新型环保产品和旧的传统产品在碳足迹方面的影响，从而说明该如何选择更环保的生活方式。故选D。10.What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?AIt is related to our consumption of fuels.BIt is made when we are buyin

42、g the products.CIt is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.DIt is counted as ours though not directly made by us.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，第二种足迹是表示我们使用的产品在整个生命周期中间接排放的二氧化碳，这些是和它们的生产和排放有关的。由此可知，第二种碳足迹虽然不是我们直接产生的，但也是我们使用的产品释放出来的，也是要归结到我们身上的。故选D。11Which of the following helps reduce our carbon fo

43、otprint according to the author?AUsing secondhand textbooks.BUsing old and expensive cars.CBuying new but cheap clothes.DBuying new wooden furniture.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Things like dishes.the added production.”可知，盘子、衣服和家具这样的物品属于“第二类型的足迹”，所以是越少越好，我们应该注重寻找旧的物品来避免额外的生产。二手书是可以二次使用的物品，符合题意。故选A。12“The footp

44、rint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in _Ausing the product Brecycling the productCmaking the product Dtransporting the productA解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线部分所在句可知，主要的问题是这些投入在制造新产品时的能源，以及这种额外的碳是否值得它到你手里以后所产生的碳足迹。由此可知，the footprint指的是“产品使用过程中产生的二氧化碳”。故选A。.七选五(2021银川普通高中学科教学质量检测)Telec

45、ommuting (also known as working from home) is a work arrangement in which the employee works outside the office, often working from home or a location close to home.1._Doctors and countless other health care workers of the world will always need to have handson experiences with patients, just as：2._

46、Scientists need to be in labs.The existence of telecommuting must have its benefits and appropriate population.More freedom.Telecommuting allows a worker greater freedom regarding her or his work hours and work location. It gives the employee more flexibility to balance work and personal obligations

47、 (义务)Productivity.Working from home can make you more productive, because you do not have the distractions (分散注意力的事) of office space.3._ Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances such as washing machines, or you actually need supervision (监管) from your boss to concentrate on your w

48、ork.Employees welfare.Allowing workers to telecommute often makes them more productive.4._ Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs and are therefore more likely to stay with the company. Telecommuting even saves companies money in office expenses, such as rent and stationery (文具)5_

49、Some people also find working from home to be a bit isolating(隔离的), because they are not around their coworkers. Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues by teleconferencing alone. You should come up with a strategic plan if you want to ask your employer if you can

50、 telecommute.AMental health issues.BCooperation with workers.CThat can benefit the company.DOf course, this is not necessarily true.EYou need to find an appropriate place to do work.FConstruction workers need to be on building sites.GHowever, many jobs are not suited to remote work.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章

51、主要介绍了远程办公的定义和好处。1G解析：本空是一个过渡句。根据上文中的“the employee works outside the office, often working from home or a location close to home”和下文中的“need to have handson experiences with patients”可知，本空承上启下，讲的应该是远程办公并不适合所有的工种，故选G。2F解析：根据上文中的“other health care workers of the world will always need to have handson ex

52、periences with patients, just as”可知，本空讲的应该也是需要现场办公的工种。另外，结合并列位置上的“Scientists need to be in labs.”可以判断，故选F。3D解析：本空是一个过渡句。根据上一句中的“you do not have the distractions(分散注意力的事)of office space”和下一句中的“Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances”可知，本空承上启下，故选D。4C解析：本空是一个过渡句。结合下一句中的“Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs”可知，空处讲的应该是这样做的一种好处，故选C。5B解析：本空是一个小标题。结合并列位置上小标题的特点可知，本空应该是一个名词词组，故A、B选项符合要求。再根据本部分中的“Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues”可知，本段主要讲的是合作，故选B。