2022版新高考英语外研版一轮学案：板块1 第1讲　名词和数词 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第1讲名词和数词前沿最新动态 题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2020浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.2(20201月浙江卷)For Japan，the numbers (number) are more striking22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 20503(2

2、018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)4(2017全国卷)She has turned down several invitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to conc

3、entrate on her studies.1给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；2给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。考点一名词的数题组试做单句语法填空1The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs(roof) in the cold and freezing winter. 2The pianos(piano) in the other shop will be cheaper，but they are not as good.3Many farmers opposed the plan because they fea

4、red that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets.4I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passersby (passerby)5An ant has two stomachs (stomach). One holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants.要点解读一

5、、名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况加smapmaps；girlgirls；househouses；mouthmouths以th结尾的词，加smonthmonths；truthtruths以s，x，sh，ch结尾的，加esclassclasses；boxboxes；brushbrushes；matchmatches但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加escitycities；countrycountries；partyparties；factoryfactories注意：以元音字母y结尾的则直接加s，如boyb

6、oys；toytoys以“辅音字母o”结尾的词一般加estomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes；heroheroes；NegroNegroes；mangomangoes注意：1少数名词加s或es均可，如volcanovolcano(e)s；mosquitomosquito(e)s2少数名词只加s，如pianopianos；photophotos以“元音字母o”结尾的词，加sradioradios；zoozoos；bamboobamboos以f，fe结尾的词，通常变f或fe为v，再加eshalfhalves；leafleaves；shelfshelves；thiefthiev

7、es；wolfwolves；wifewives；lifelives；knifeknives但是也有的直接加s，如roofroofs；chiefchiefs还有两种复数形式的，如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数soninlawsonsinlawpasserbypassersbystorytellerstorytellersgobetweengobetweensgrownupgrownups二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化变化情况例词特殊变化childchil

8、dren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；manmen；womanwomen注意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men和women，如an Englishmantwo Englishmen；但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌bacterium(单数)bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)phenomena(复数)考点二名词的所有格题组试做单句语法填空1In addition, the hostess(hostess) cookin

9、g will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.2The article concludes that parents (parents) education affects their childrens future.3“Todays (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said.4Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones (stone) th

10、row from the railway station for the sake of convenience.5Studies show that a childs (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment.要点解读名词的所有格1有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加s。his fathers boss 他爸爸的老板2表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加s，表示其所有格。todays paper 今天的报纸Englands shore 英国的海岸the cars design 这辆

11、车的设计3在某些习惯用语中，也需要加s所有格。a stones throw 近在咫尺keep sb. at arms length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be at ones wits end 黔驴技穷4如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加s。Jane and Marys mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Janes and Marys mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)5双重所有格：“a/two/some .名词of名词s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表

12、示人，不能表示事物。a friend of her mothers 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片考点三数词基数词与序数词题组试做单句语法填空1(2020枣庄模拟)Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth(five) century.2The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth (ten) floor.3Saturn is the second (two) biggest planet in the solar system.4Ea

13、ch year, hundreds (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur.5Im a frequent traveller and I eat out twice (two) a day.6It has been snowing, roughly every third (three) day, for as long as Ive had the flu.要点解读一、基数词和序数词1表数量的数词叫基数词，如one, two, three，.2表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first, second, third, fourth, fif

14、th，.二、基数词变序数词的规则1一二三要单独记：onefirst, two second, three third2th要从四加起：four fourth, five fifth，.3eight少个t：eight eighth4nine删除e：nine ninth5ve用f来代替：five fifth, twelve twelfth6ty变成tie：twenty twentieth三、序数词的使用1序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Monday is the second day of a week. 星期一是一周的第二天。2序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。Would you like a second cup of tea? 你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple.我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。3first, second等有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s.最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数。1/3: one third，2/5: two fifths