2022版高三英语人教版一轮总复习培优练：选择性必修第二册 UNIT 4　JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND WORD版含解析.doc

1、课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点夸张修辞法夸张就是运用丰富的想象，过激的言辞，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。一、好句欣赏1My blood froze.我的血液都凝固了。2Old Mr.Johnson has been teaching here since the Stone Age.老约翰逊先生很早就在这儿教书了。3. When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.当她听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。4Basketball is the only thing that ever mattered to him.篮球是

2、唯一对他重要的事。5Chris wont drive her home because she lives on the other side of the universe.克里斯不会开车送她回家，因为她住的太远了。6When I told our father about this, his heart burst.当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。二、小试牛刀1I was so hungry that_I_could_eat_a_horse我很饿以至于可以吃掉一匹马。2I was walking along the road when suddenly this enor

3、mous dog stood in front of me.It was as_big_as_an_elephant我正沿着马路走着，这时一只大狗突然站在我前面。它有一头大象那么大。3I could smell the fragrance of flowers from_a_mile_away从一英里之外我就能闻到花香。4My_heart_almost_stopped_beating when I heard my daughters voice on the phone.在电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。5Theres enough food in the cupboard t

4、o_feed_an_entire_army!厨柜里有足够养活一整支军队的食物。.阅读理解A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然环境保护亚马孙雨林大火(2021重庆市高三调研抽测)The proliferation(激增) of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019，especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action.Since then，the eyes of the world have sh

5、ifted elsewhere as House Democrats launched an impeachment (弹劾) inquiry against President Donald Trump.Meanwhile，the Amazon continued to burn.The number of fires decreased by 35% in September 2019，but experts say this is merely a slowdown in a crisis with global repercussions(反响).There were still 19

6、，925 fire outbreaks in September 2019 on the Brazilian part of the rainforest，which accounts for nearly 65% of the Amazon basin.Moreover，through the first nine months of 2019，the number of fires soared by 41% compared to the same period in 2018，Brazils National Institute for Space Research(INPE)repo

7、rted.Higher rainfall totals than usual since the beginning of September 2019 and measures taken under mounting pressure by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonarowho deployed the military to the Amazon and imposed a twomonth ban on clearing land through firescontributed to the burning decline.“The factor

8、s that led to such widespread fires in the first placedecreased enforcement of forest law，illegal deforestation for agriculture and invasion of native territoriesremain in place，”said Nigel Sizer，Chief Program Officer for the advocacy organization Rainforest Alliance.“ It is good news that there are

9、 fewer fires in the Amazon right now，but this is a shortterm pause from the larger problem.”That problem centers on deforestation through systematically chopping down trees，which are either logged or burned，mostly to convert the land for raising cattle and growing crops.The practice has expanded fro

10、m a small scale to an industrial production，leading to about 20% of the Brazilian Amazon having been cleared since 1970.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马孙雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马孙雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马孙雨林开展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。1Who rais

11、ed international attention to the proliferation of fires in the Amazon rainforest?AEmmanuel Macron.BDonald Trump.CNigel Sizer.DJair Bolsonaro.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句可知，亚马孙雨林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，即马克龙把国际的注意力引向了大火，故选A项。2Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThere are more fires in Amazon no

12、w than ever before.BThere were more fires in Amazon in August 2019 than in September 2019.CThe proliferation of fires covers most of the wide area in Amazon.DThe fires in the Amazon rainforest is still burning with international attention.解析：D考查段落大意。根据第二段的内容可知，2019年9月亚马孙雨林的火灾数量下降了35%，但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影

13、响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马孙雨林仍在燃烧，故选D项。3Whats the main cause of the widespread fires in the Amazon rainforest?ADecreased enforcement of forest law.BInvasion of native territories.CSerious deforestation for agriculture.DThe shortterm pause of the proliferation of fires.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段首句可知，对森林法执行的降低、为了进行农业活动

14、而非法毁林以及对本土的入侵等导致了森林火灾；又结合第五段首句可知，该问题以系统地砍伐树木而造成的滥伐森林为中心，故C项正确。4From which is the text probably taken?AA biology textbook.BA gardening magazine.CA newspaper.DA travel brochure.解析：C考查文章出处。根据第一段和第三段的内容可知，法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动，美国总统特朗普遭弹劾，巴西总统博索纳罗部署军队，又根据文中列举的数据可推知，本文可能摘自报纸。故C项正确。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会历史事件一本记录伦敦大瘟疫的

15、书In the winter of 166465 ，the bitter cold fell on London in the days before 25 December. Above the city，an unusually bright comet (彗星) shot across the sky，exciting much prediction of a snowstorm. Outside the city wall，a womans death was announced and she died of a disease that was spreading in that

16、area. Her house was locked up.Following that，the virus that had killed the woman would go on to kill nearly 100，000 people living in and around Londonalmost a third of those who did not flee.In The Creat Plague(瘟疫)：The Story of Londons Most Deadly Year，historian ALloyd Moote and microbiologist Dorot

17、hy CMoote provide a deeply informed account of this plague year. Reading the book，readers are taken from the palaces of the citys wealthiest citizens to the poor areas where the vast majority of Londoners were living，and to the surrounding countryside. The Mootes point out that，even at the height of

18、 the plague，the city did not fall into chaos. Doctors and nurses remained in the city to care for the sick；city officials tried their best to fight the crisis with all the legal tools；and commerce continued even as businesses shut down.To describe life and death in and around London，the authors focu

19、s on the experiences of nine individuals. Through their letters and diaries，the Mootes offer fresh descriptions of key issues in the history of the Great Plague：how different communities understood and experienced the disease；how medical and government bodies reacted；how well the social order held t

20、ogether；the economic and moral dilemmas people faced when debating whether to flee the city；and the nature of the material，social，and spiritual resources supporting those who remained. Based on humanity (人性)，the authors offer a masterful portrait of a city and its inhabitants who were attacked by an

21、d daringly resisted unimaginable horror.文章大意：本文主要介绍了The Great Plague：The Story of Londons Most Deadly Year这本书的主要内容以及作者描述伦敦大瘟疫这个历史事件时所采用的写作方法。5What can we learn from Paragraph 1?AA comet always follows a storm.BLondon was under an approaching threat.CLondon was prepared for the disease.DThe woman was

22、 the beginning of the disease.解析：B考查推理判断。根据第一段第三句“Outside the city wall，a womans death was announced and she died of a disease that was spreading in that area.”并结合语境可知，当时在伦敦市外，一种致命的疾病正在传播。由此可以推断出，伦敦正面临着一种即将到来的威胁，故选B。6What do the Mootes say about London during the Great Plague?AThe city remained orga

23、nized.BThe plague spared the rich areas.CThe people tried a lot in vain.DThe majority fled and thus survived.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句“The Mootes point out that，even at the height of the plague，the city did not fall into chaos.”可知，两位作者指出，即使在瘟疫高峰之时，伦敦市也没有陷入混乱。该段第四句又列举了这个城市保持井然有序的具体体现，故选A。7Why do the Mootes

24、 focus on the nine individuals?ABecause they were famous people in history.BBecause they all managed to survive the plague.CBecause they provided vivid stories of humanity.DBecause they united by thinking and acting as one.解析：C考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容，尤其是最后一句“Based on humanity(人性)，the authors offer a masterf

25、ul portrait of a city and its inhabitants who were attacked by and daringly resisted unimaginable horror.”可知，以人性为基础，作者巧妙地描绘了伦敦市的情况及其居民受到难以想象的恐惧的袭击并勇敢地抵抗这种恐惧的情况，并结合该段第一句可推知，作者关注这九个人是因为这九个人提供了生动的人性故事，故选C。8Whats the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a new book.BTo correct a misunderstanding.CTo report

26、 a new study.DTo show respect for the authors.解析：A考查写作目的。文章第一和第二段描述了瘟疫爆发时的情景，由此引出了第三和第四段对The Great Plague: The Story of Londons Most Deadly Year这本书的介绍。由此可知，本文的写作目的是介绍一本新书，故选A。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会社会生活探亲假(2021重庆市高三调研抽测)In the early decades of the Peoples Republic of China founded in 1949，due to the poo

27、r transportation and communication system，it was hard for people living and working far away from their hometown to visit their families or stay in touch regularly.So to enable people to get together with their near and dear ones at least once a year，1._It was decided that every year，a married coupl

28、e could have family leave for 30 days to see each other 2._；if they lived together，they could have 20 days to visit their parents every four years.3._A regulation was issued in 1958 and the system was improved through more regulations in the early 1980s.However，nowadays，thanks to the rapid developme

29、nt of transport and communications means，its much easier for people to either contact their dear ones frequently or visit them，4._Besides，as the family leave scheme covers only those who work in government departments and stateowned enterprises，it is increasingly being regarded as an outdated practi

30、ce and a privilege enjoyed by a small group of people.5_While this is backed by those who dont have family leave，it is strongly opposed by those who do.Also，some say that the issue is not whether family leave should be canceled，but is whether Chinas current holiday and leave system should be reforme

31、d in its entirety.Athey choose to live togetherBif they lived in different placesCthe family leave was introducedDno matter how far away they areESingle people could enjoy 20 days leave annually to visit their parentsFThere is a suggestion that the system should be canceled to keep up with the times

32、GFor employees with children，regular use of family leave was to increase life satisfaction文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了探亲假的由来、规定和现在关于探亲假的争议。1解析：C由空前的“to enable people to get together with their near and dear ones at least once a year”可知，空处应是表述为达到此目的而采用的方法，故C选项“探亲假被引入了”符合语境，且承上启下。2解析：B根据空后的分号可知，空处所在句整个句子表述的是

33、一个问题的两个方面。由空后的“if they lived together”可推知，第一个分句讲述的是关于已婚夫妻分居的情况的规定，所以选B项。3解析：E本段主要介绍了探亲假的规定，前一句讲的是针对已婚夫妇的探亲假规定，空处应承接上文，讲述针对未婚人士的探亲假规定，所以选E项。4解析：D根据语境可知，此处表示由于交通和通讯方式的快速发展，无论人们相隔多远，人们都能容易地与珍视的人联系或拜访他们。故选D项。5解析：F根据该段的内容尤其是其中的“whether family leave should be canceled”可推知，该段表述的是关于探亲假的争议，故F项符合语境。.语法填空语篇类型记

34、叙文主题语境人与社会体育孙杨和刘湘在国际泳联冠军游泳系列赛获得冠军(2021山东省潍坊五县开学联考)Sun Yang wins mens 400m freestyle in FINA Champions Swim Series on January 15 in Shenzhen.“My 400m free remains smooth all the time, showing that my training is 1._(effect).My goal this year is 2._ (win) at the Olympic Games，”said Sun, who lost to Ra

35、psys 3._ 0.03 in 200m freestyle on Tuesday.The world topclass athlete 4._ (perfect) showed his dominant power in the 400m freestyle event in front of all his home fans, 5._ (suggest) that he is aiming high for the upcoming Tokyo Olympic Games.Liu Xiang bagged her second gold medal in the 50m freesty

36、le in 24.04. “I got 6._ cold after I arrived here three days ago, 7._ I did not expect to win with a time equaling my personal best，” said Liu.So far, China 8._ (collect) 9 gold medals as the biggest winner.According to FINA official website, the brandnew“FINA Champions Swim Series” is since 2019 a

37、circuit 9._ (gather) the top athletes of the sport, and it has an original 10._ (compete) format including finals with only four swimmers.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孙杨和刘湘在国际泳联冠军游泳系列赛获得冠军。1解析：effective考查形容词。根据前面的名词“my training”和be动词“is”可知，此处应用形容词。故填effective。2解析：to win考查动词不定式。句意：我今年的目标是在奥运会上获胜。分析句子可知，此处表示目

38、的，所以用to动词原形。故填to win。3解析：by考查介词。句意：在周二的200米自由泳以0.03输给了拉普西斯。在比赛中以多少分输给了对方一般用介词by。故填by。4解析：perfectly考查副词。此处应用副词修饰后面的动词showed。故填perfectly。5解析：suggesting考查非谓语动词。根据前面的谓语动词showed可知，此处应用非谓语动词，用现在分词引导状语从句。故填suggesting。6解析：a考查冠词。get a cold是固定短语，意为“感冒”。故填a。7解析：so考查连词。句意：我三天前来这里后感冒了，所以我没想到能在个人最好成绩上扳平比分。根据句意可知，这两个分句之间是因果关系，所以用so。故填so。8解析：has collected考查时态。时间状语so far与现在完成时连用，所以此处应用现在完成时。故填has collected。9解析：gathering考查非谓语动词。根据前面的谓语动词is可知，此处应用非谓语动词；circuit与动词gather之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填gathering。10解析：competition考查名词。根据前面的形容词“original”可知，此处应用名词。故填competition。