2022高考人教版英语一轮复习学案：必修五 UNIT 1　GREAT SCIENTISTS WORD版含答案.doc

1、必修五Unit 1Great scientists基础盘点自测自评阅读单词快速排查本单元阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划characteristic nradium nanalyse vt.physician noutbreak nvictim nenquiry nneighbourhood npump n& vt.firework nchartnmovement n. 核心单词1.defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n失败2.blame vt.责备；谴责n过失；责备3.cure n治愈；痊愈；治疗方法vt.治愈；治疗4.link vt.& n连接；联系5.handle n柄；把手vt.处理；操

2、纵6.expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n专家；行家7.absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心8.foresee vt.预见；预知9.severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的拓展单词1.characteristic n特征；特性character n特性；性质；特征characterize vt.表示的特性；描述的性格2.painter n画家；油漆匠paint v. (用颜料等)绘；画；油漆painting n绘画；绘画艺术；油画3.scientific adj.科学的science n科学scientist n科学家(拓展速记1)4.conclude vt.& vi.结束；

3、推断出conclusion n结论；结束5.analyse vt.分析analysis n分析；分解；解析analyses n分析；分解；解析(pl.)6.infect vt.传染；感染infection n传染；感染infectious adj.传染的7.attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加attendance n到场；出席attendant n侍者；服务员8.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposure n暴露；揭露；曝光9.challenge n挑战vt.向挑战challenger n挑战者challenging adj.有挑战性的；引起争论的；有吸引力的10.suspe

4、ct vt.认为；怀疑n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspicion n怀疑suspicious adj.有疑心的11.investigate vt.& vi.调查investigation n调查12.pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染polluter n污染源；污染者pollutant n污染物；污染物质polluted adj.受到污染的13.announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n公告；布告；通知announcer n播音员；宣告者14.certainty n确信；确实certain adj.确信的；有把握的；可靠的15.instruct vt.命令

5、；指示；教导instruction n说明；通知；指示；命令instructor n教练；指导员16.construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物constructive adj.建设的；建设性的17.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n捐献；贡献；捐助18.creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的create vt.创造；创作creation n创造；创作creator n创造者；创作者(拓展速记2)19.cooperative adj.合作的cooperate vi.合作；协作cooperation

6、 n合作；协作20.positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的negative adj.消极的；负面的21.revolutionary adj.革命的；重大变革的revolution n革命22.privately adv.私下地；秘密地private adj.私下的；秘密的23.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiasm n热情；热心24.cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n小心；谨慎25.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；摒弃拓展单词语境活用用所给词的适当形式填空1.You must read the i

7、nstructions (instruct) before taking the medicine.2.We can come to the conclusion (conclude) that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world. 3.Her proposal met with continual rejections (reject), which made her mad.4.I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save peoples

8、 lives. (science)5.They are likely to respond positively (positive) to the presidents request for aid.6.There has been no official announcement (announce) of the arrests.7.He put forward a constructive (construct) suggestion.8.He stole cautiously (caution) around to the back door.9.He handed over th

9、e heavy load of responsibility (responsible) to me.10.They devised proposals to deal with air pollution (pollute)走进高考1.expert 熟义：n.专家；行家生义： adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的There is a great deal to learn from Hals expert approach. 2.contribute熟义：vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助生义：v.投稿(全国卷阅读理解)If you want to contribute to our newspa

10、per, please send me your article before the deadline.1.put forward提出；推荐(拓展速记3)2.draw a conclusion得出结论3.expose.to使显露；暴露4.be to blame该受责备5.link.to.将和联系或连接起来6.make contributions to.对作出贡献7.apart from除之外；此外8.(be) strict with.对严格的9.lead to导致10.make sense讲得通；有意义语境活用用左栏短语的适当形式填空1.He drew a conclusion that a

11、ll he had done was useless.2.It doesnt make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.3.We will have to put forward the meeting as a result of the reported terrible weather next week.4.Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.5.We must b

12、e strict with our students while we should give them love and care as well.6.I think that it is I rather than my sister that am to blame for what has happened.1. Neither.nor.“既不也不”原句Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。仿写这个周末，迈克和他的父母都不打算去看电影。Neither Mike nor his parent

13、s are going to see the film this weekend.2.every time作连词引导时间状语从句原句So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的人病死。仿写每次我去看她时，她都全神贯注于研究工作。Every time I went to see her, she was absorbed in her research work.3.only if置于句首的倒装句原句Only if you put the sun ther

14、e did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。仿写你只有努力学习才能取得进步。Only if you study hard can you make progress.1.以“ic”结尾的形容词academic学院的；理论的classic典型的；经典的economic经济上的；经济学的energetic精力充沛的enthusiastic热心的fantastic极好的heroic英雄的；英勇的historic有历史意义的magic有魔法的scientific科

15、学的tragic悲剧的；悲惨的terrific极好的；绝妙的2.以“tive”结尾的形容词active活跃的alternative替代的；备选的attractive迷人的；引人注目的；有魅力的collective集体的comparative比较的competitive竞争的；比赛的creative有创造力的；创造性的；独创的effective有效的native本国的；本土的；当地的negative消极的respective各自的selective精心选择的sensitive敏感的3.“put”短语小结put aside节省(钱、时间)；储蓄put away收起来；放好put down放下；镇压

16、put forward提出；推荐put in插入put off推迟；延期put on穿上；戴上put out扑灭；熄灭put through接通电话put up挂起；建造put up with忍受考点串讲重点突破1conclude vt.& vi.断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束；终止|对接高考|单句语法填空 (2019年全国卷阅读理解)When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion (conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.(陕西卷阅读理解)Researchers

17、conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.He concluded his speech with “Thanks for your time”|考点归纳|(1)conclude.with.就某事与某人达成协议；以结束conclude. from.从推断出to conclude最后(2)conclusion n结论；结束come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论in conclusion总而言之|能力提升|句型转换To conclude, I would like to than

18、k everybody who helped me.In conclusion, I would like to thank everybody who helped me.2attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加；上学|对接高考|单句语法填空/完成句子(2019年全国卷阅读理解)The exhibition had record attendance (attend), showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.I cant go out with you tonight because I have an urg

19、ent thing to attend to (处理)|考点归纳|(1)attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/a movie参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/看电影attend (on/upon) sb.伺候某人；照顾某人attend to处理；照料(2)attendance n出席；到场；出席人数；考勤3expose vt.使置身于危险中；暴露；揭露；使曝光|对接高考|单句语法填空 Some people think we shouldnt expose the children to playing (play) computer games.Being ex

20、posed (expose) to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed (expose) to secondhand smoking in public places now.|考点归纳|expose sth./sb./oneself to.使某物/某人/自己暴露于be exposed to.暴露于；经受|能力提升|一句多译长期暴晒于阳光下对皮肤有害。Being exposed t

21、o the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. (被动形式的动名词作主语)Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. (主动形式的动名词作主语)4absorb vt.吸收(液体、气体等)；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注；使并入；吞并|对接高考|单句语法填空 When deeply absorbed (absorb) in work, he would forget all about eating and sleeping

22、.After absorbing (absorb) enough water, the plants grow well.|考点归纳|(1)absorb ones attention吸引某人注意absorb.from.从中吸收 absorb oneself in. 全神贯注于；专心于(2)absorbed adj.聚精会神的；专心致志的；极感兴趣的be absorbed by/into.被吞并；被所吸收be absorbed in全神贯注于|能力提升|句型转换Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.S

23、o absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it. ( so.that.的倒装句)Absorbed in his work，Tom forgot to inform her of it. (过去分词短语作状语)5blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责n过失；责任；责备；指责|对接高考|单句语法填空 (重庆卷阅读理解)While we cant change the body type we are born with, we cant blame our genes for making us fat.(湖北卷阅

24、读理解)Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much Americanstyle fast food.|考点归纳|(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for.)应承担责任；该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)(2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责/承担责任put

25、/lay the blame for sth. on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上|能力提升|完美写作背诵(江苏卷书面表达)实话实说是苏的责任，但是李也应承担责任，他们都不够冷静，双方都说了一些自私的话。To be honest, it was Sus fault but Li was also to blamethey were not calm enough and both said some really mean things.6contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助；是的原因之一；贡献；投稿|对接高考|单句语法填空 (2019年浙江卷阅读理解)Many factors

26、contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.(2015年江苏卷阅读理解)Individuals can reduce their contribution (contribute) by creating less waste at the start.Would you like to make a contribution (contribute) to the hospital building fund?Doing small t

27、hings well contributes to building (build) up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.|考点归纳|(1)contribute sth. to. 把某物捐献给contribute to. 为做出贡献；有助于；导致；为撰稿(2)contribution n捐献；贡献；投稿make a contribution/contributions to.对做出贡献7put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨|对接高考|写出下列黑体短语的含义My

28、 watch was slow, so I put it forward three minutes.将(钟表)向前拨They have put forward the date of the sports meeting by one week.将提前It may not be a great suggestion. But before a better one is put forward, well make do with it.提出I think he is fit for the job; therefore, Ill put him forward as a candidate

29、.推荐|考点归纳|put aside节省；储蓄；储存；留出put away收起来；放好put off延期；推迟put out熄灭；生产put up举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿put up with容忍；忍受put through接通电话；完成；使经受|能力提升|完成句子Encourage children to put aside (存储) some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.He put forward (提出) a good proposal at the class，which made us very happy.I

30、can put up with (忍受) the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.8make sense 讲得通；有意义|对接高考|单句语法填空 In a sense, I share the same point of view with you.If you make sense of it, it will sound beautiful.As far as Im concerned, there is no sense in getting (get) upset about it now.|考点归纳|(1)make

31、 sense of 理解；明白make no sense没道理；没意义(2)in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense决不 (3)There is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没道理。|名师点睛|当in no sense放到句子的开头作状语时，句子的谓语动词要用部分倒装形式。|能力提升|完美写作背诵(2018年全国卷)你可以带份礼物，但没有必要太贵重。带一些水果就很好。You may take a gift with you, but it doesnt have to be something of great value. It

32、 makes sense to take some fruit. 9neither.nor. 既不也不(教材佳句)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。|对接高考|单句语法填空 As we all know, not only the nurses but also the doctor is (be) very kind to the patients.Either you or one of your students is (be) to attend the meeting that is

33、 due tomorrow.Last night neither my wife nor my parents were (be)able to persuade my son to change his mind.|考点归纳|(1)neither.nor.既不也不，在句中连接两个相同的成分。当连接两个名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。(2)有类似用法的还有：either.or.或者或者， not.but.不是而是， not only.but also.不但而且等。10every time引导时间状语从句(教材佳句)So many thousands of terrified

34、people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的人病死。|对接高考|完成句子 Next time (下次) you come to Beijing, be sure to let me know in advance.I think of the happy hours we spent together every/each time (每次) I see these photos.The first time (第一次) I heard the plan he put forward, I felt very ex

35、cited.|考点归纳|(1)时间名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有every time，each time，any time，the last time，(the)next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute等。(2)the瞬间名词：the minute, the instant, the moment等，意为“一就”。(3)时间副词directly，instantly，immediately也可引导时间状语从句。Part 1Part 2Ted and I live in the same neighbourhood.

36、 He does construction work. Last month he developed a severe disease. An expert physician, Dr. David, was called in to attend to him. David, very enthusiastic, was good at handling difficult cases, but this case was a challenge. After a careful enquiry he suspected that the paint was to blame, but t

37、here was no positive evidence.After many tests, scientists draw a conclusion that being exposed to cell phone radiation for long is bad for health. So, apart from right guides, we must be strict with our children who are addicted to cell phones. I think cell phones and parents are to blame for child

38、rens addiction.随堂检测基础过关.单句语法填空1From these facts we can draw some conclusions (conclude) about how the pyramids were built.2Keep indoors and dont get your skin exposed to the sun.3She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.4. (2018年天津卷阅读理解)3D food printing could probably contribute to t

39、he solution.5Neither you nor I am (be) equal to the job, because it calls for work experience.6As far as I know, Mark is a cautious (caution) shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.7When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on

40、 the sofa, absorbed (absorb) in conversation.8Follow the instructions (instruct) when you operate the machine.9According to a study, about onethird children in the US.A are overweight, which puts them at risk of some deadly (dead) illness.10To make students creative (create), teachers should encoura

41、ge them to make full use of their imagination.单句改错1To conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise._答案：ToIn或 conclusionconclude2The boy sat beside the window, absorbing in a novel._答案：absorbingabsorbed3They fell in love with each other for the first time the

42、y met at the party._答案：去掉for4He was very strict in himself when he was young._答案：inwith5It doesnt make a sense for parents to give children whatever they want. _答案：去掉a话题拓展素养升华.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he 1.attended (attend)

43、 Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was famous for 2.defeating (defeat) “King Cholera”Cholera was a deadly disease and neither its cause nor its cure 3.was understood (understand). John Snow wanted to face the challenge 4.and solve the problem. He suspected that people absorbed this di

44、sease into their bodies with their meals. So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims 5.linked (link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle removed. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew 6.a conclusion that the poll

45、uted water was 7.to blame (blame)The water panies (company) were instructed not to expose people 9.to polluted water any more. 10.Finally (final) “King Cholera” was defeated.话题中的写作根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文。1. 居里夫人出生于波兰华沙(Warsaw)，年轻时来到巴黎读大学，在这里遇到她的丈夫皮埃尔居里(Pierre Curie)。(attend college, where引导的非限制性定语从句

46、)2他们共同专心于放射性物质的研究，发现了镭(radium)和钋(polonium)两种放射性元素。1903年，他们获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。(be absorbed in, lead to)3居里夫人为科学的发展做出了巨大的贡献，但金钱和名声对她来说毫无意义。(make great contributions to，make no sense)_One possible version：Born in Warsaw Poland, Madame Curie went to attend college in Paris as a young lady, where she met her hus

47、band Pierre Curie. They were together absorbed in the research into radioactive matter, which led to the discovery of radium and polonium. In 1903，they were given the Nobel Prize for Physics. Madame Curie made great contributions to the development of science, but money and reputation made no sense to her.