江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2021届高三下学期5月模拟考试英语试题 WORD版含解析.doc

1、南京师范大学附属中学2021届高三年级模拟考试英语本试卷分四个部分。满分150分,考试用时120分钟。第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the woman check the weather?A. She uses her phone.B. She listens to the radio.C. S

2、he watches television.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: I never listen to the radio anyway. I can just check the weather on my phone.W: I do the same thing. I never watch the weather forecast on television, either.2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the boy do tonight?A. Study for an exam.B. Practise debating.C. Watch a b

3、asketball game.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Are you going to make it to the basketball game tonight? I will be there right after debate team practice.M: I cant. I have a big maths test tomorrow. I have to prepare for it.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why doesnt the boy use the method the woman gave?A. He doesnt understand

4、 it.B. He doesnt have it yet.C. He doesnt like it.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: It looks like youre having a hard time with that programme, Larry. Why dont you use the method that I gave in the class yesterday?M: I was absent. Ill ask one of my classmates to send it to me.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speaker

5、s doing?A. Deciding the best player.B. Coming up with a plan.C. Scheduling the game.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: If we want to win the game this Friday, we need to come up with a plan now. They beat us every year.M: We need to use teamwork more. John is our best player, but we cant give him the ball every time.5

6、. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where are the speakers?A. At a store.B. At a bank.C. At a park.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W: Excuse me. Im trying to pay the parking, but all I have is dollar bills. Could you spare any change?M: Im sorry, madam. But our store policy is not to give out change unless you buy something.W: OK.第二节

7、(共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6. How does the woman probably feel?A. Happy.B. Excited.C. Angry.7. Who is the boy talking to?A. A policewoman.B. His teache

8、r.C. His mother.【答案】6. C 7. B【解析】原文】W: Tim, I saw you running from the bus stop this morning. Your mother and father wouldnt be happy seeing you do that.M: I was late for school though.W: You need to be more careful when you cross the street. You need to walk during the right time and in the right p

9、laces.M: But Im very fast.W: Are you even listening to me? It is dangerous. It is also against the law.M: But I hate waiting for the lights to change and the cars to pass by. I dont want to be late.W: It is important to obey the rules, but your safety is more important. I dont want to see anyone of

10、my students get hurt.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8. What does Carol do when she volunteers?A. She performs for children.B. She picks up trash.C. She serves dinner.9. How often does Carol volunteer?A. Once a week.B. Twice a week.C. Three times a week.10. What does Jim worry about if he joins C

11、arol?A. Knowing little about the story.B. Choosing a boring book.C. Reading for hours.【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A【解析】【原文】W: Sorry, Jim. I wont be able to make it to the dinner tomorrow night. Ill be busy volunteering at the library during that time.M: Thats interesting, Carol. Most people I know volunteer b

12、y collecting garbage or something. What do you do at the library when you volunteer? Are they short on employees who put away books?W: Nothing like that. I just read the childrens books and act out some of the stories for them. Its very fun and it doesnt take long, maybe one or two hours.M: How ofte

13、n do you do that?W: I do it on Monday Wednesday and Friday every week. You should come help me with it one time.M: That sounds like fun. Can I pick the stories I want to read? I hate to try and act out a story I never read.W: You can read any book as long as its on the librarys list.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题

14、。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. Which is a superfood according to the man?A. Yogurt.B. Noodles.C. Rice.12. Why are superfoods healthy?A. Because they cure some terrible diseases.B. Because they fight against some cancers.C. Because they reduce the risks of some diseases.13. Which food will the woman be addin

15、g to their family diet?A. Fish.B. Tomatoes.C. Brown rice.【答案】11. A 12. C 13. C【解析】【原文】M: I was reading about superfoods today. They are fruits, vegetables and other foods that are supposed to be extra healthy.W: Thats interesting. Which foods are they? I suppose rice is high on the list. We certainl

16、y eat a lot of that here in China.M: No, it isnt. Nor are noodles. But yogurt, fish and tomatoes are there.W: Oh well, I suppose we eat plenty of them. Why are these foods so healthy?M: Its said that they can reduce the risks of high blood pressure, heart disease and certain cancers.W: Maybe I will

17、start including them in our meals. Are there any foods on the list that we dont have yet?M: Nuts and greens are something we already eat plenty of. And although our type of ricethe white kindisnt on the list, brown rice is.W: Then I think we will switch to that to keep the family healthy. Superfoods

18、 sound like a very tasty way to keep fit.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. How did the man notice the problem first?A. His bank called him.B. His bill showed him.C. His credit card was stolen.15. What did the bank do to fix the problem?A. They gave the man his money back at once.B. They asked t

19、he man to provide the evidence.C. They decided to talk to the banks owner.16. What do the two speakers mainly talk about?A. Information safety.B. Shopping habits.C. Money management.【答案】14. B 15. B 16. A【解析】【原文】M: I cant believe this. I have been on the phone with my bank all day and they still have

20、nt fixed my problem.W: Is it a credit card problem?M: Yes. My credit card information was stolen. When I got my bill in the mail, I saw there were many unfamiliar purchases on it.W: Thats terrible. Did they take a lot of money?M: Yes, and I am very upset because the bank is not helping me quickly. I

21、 have talked to many different managers already.W: Doesnt the banks owner need to make the decision to give you your money back?M: No. I just have to prove that these purchases were not made by me.W: I hope you can fix this problem soon. Something similar happened to my husbands mother recently. She

22、 was tricked into giving away some important information over the phone.M: I think the person who stole my information got it from the Internet. I bought a collection of movies recently. I wont be doing that again unless the website is sure to be safe. Its honestly my fault for being careless.W: You

23、 can never be too careful. Well, your problem is inspiring me to look into protecting my account better. I think I can pay my bank more to help me.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. What does the speaker want her kids to do?A. Help with the dishes.B. Go to bed immediately.C. Pick out something to

24、wear.18. When will the family probably need to leave their house tomorrow?A. At 7：00 am.B. At 6：00 am.C. At 5：00 am.19. Why doesnt the speaker make dinner?A. There is no food left at home.B. She doesnt want to make a mess.C. They have already eaten at a restaurant.20. What is the purpose of the talk

25、?A. To make sure everyone gets ready.B. To make the house clean.C. To make a regular plan.【答案】17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A【解析】【原文】W: Listen up, you two. We need to leave this house before the sun rises tomorrow. Your father will be home soon from work and once he gets home, we will be packing our bags. W

26、e need you guys to do the same thing tonight. I want everything youre going to bring put out in the living room before you go to bed. Before you pack everything though, you need to put aside the clothes for tomorrow. I dont want to wait for you to search for other clothes or to unpack your bag to ge

27、t something. Our flight is at 7：00 am, and it will take about a half hour to get to the airport from here. Well probably need another hour to get through security. Also, I know I said that we would go out for our meal tonight, but there is just too much to do. I asked your father to pick up some Chi

28、nese food for dinner instead. I cant be bothered to cook something since I just cleaned everything. If you want a specific dish at the restaurant, you will need to call your father. Otherwise, he will just pick up something that we can all share. Are you clear on everything I said?第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)

29、第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ASpring is the perfect time to enjoy a stay at some historic house hotels and enjoy their superb gardens in bloom.Middlethorpe Hall GardensYorkMiddlethorpe Hall is set within 20 acres of gardens and parkland, which have been extensively rest

30、ored and replanted since the 1980s.Walks were recreated providing paths, allowing guests to discover wildlife including roe deer and various nesting birds around the lake.The kitchen garden produces not only a beautiful display of flowers but holds herb beds which have been planted for fruits: apple

31、s, pears, plums and peaches, all of which are used by the chefs to create wonderful puddings.The team of gardeners has also created an organic “potager”, producing a wide selection of vegetables. Guests can follow a special tree trail around the grounds of Middlethorpe Hall, with a copy of their “Th

32、e Gardens and Trees of Interest” Guide and Map to identify specimens(标本). Guests should head toward the English Oak, a tree planted some 200 years ago.Hartwell House GardensBuckinghamshireDesigned at the start of the 18th century and landscaped by Richard Woods, the gardens at Hartwell House offer g

33、uests plenty to explore.You can spend hours discovering the grounds which include a Gothic Tower, a Statue of Hercules, a milelong avenue and the Canal Temple home to 10,000 daffodils.A kitchen garden used by the chefs features peach, pear and plum trees. Guests can follow a trail around the grounds

34、 with a copy of their Tree Map to identify 10 specimens. Several tennis courts are also available for guest use.21. At Middlethorpe Hall Gardens, the guests can _A. plant English oak treesB. grow fruits in the gardenC. get close to wild animalsD. make puddings in the kitchen22. What do these two gar

35、dens have in common?A. Both were designed in the 18th century.B. Both are equipped with sports facilities.C. Both have specimens for guests to explore.D. Both provide the freshest vegetables to guests.23. What type of writing is the text?A. A hotel review.B. A travel guide.C. A research journal.D. A

36、 historical document.【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Middlethorpe Hall Gardens和Hartwell House Gardens两个带有花园的酒店的特色。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Middlethorpe Hall Gardens景点介绍的第二段“allowing guests to discover wildlife including roe deer and various nesting birds around the lake.(旅客可以有机会邂逅野生动物，包括狍和各种湖边的筑巢的鸟)

37、”可知，在Middlethorpe Hall Gardens，我们可以亲近野生动物。故选C项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据Middlethorpe Hall GardensYork景点介绍的第四段“Guests can follow a special tree trail around the grounds of Middlethorpe Hall, with a copy of their “The Gardens and Trees of Interest” Guide and Map to identify specimens(标本).(客人们可以沿着一条树林的小径，游览Middl

38、ethorpe Hall周围的空旷之地。同时，可以拿着一本有趣的树木和花园和地图鉴定标本)”和Hartwell House Gardens景点介绍的第三段“Guests can follow a trail around the grounds with a copy of their Tree Map to identify 10 specimens.(客人们可以沿着一条小径，游览周围的空旷之地。同时，可以拿着一本树木地图鉴定10种不同的标本)”可知，两个花园景点的共同点是都可以收集鉴定标本。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首段“Spring is the perfect tim

39、e to enjoy a stay at some historic house hotels and enjoy their superb gardens in bloom.(春季是一个美好的世界。最适合入住一些古老的别墅酒店，还可以欣赏百花盛开的庭院的美景)”及下面两个具体景点特色的介绍可知，这是一篇旅行指南。故选B项。BFor as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids an

40、d at five I was told I wasnt attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didnt last long.I was thirteen wh

41、en I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed t

42、o offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.I entered adulthood thinking I wasnt “enough”an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weightselfimprovement, disciplineall virtues. Being fat quickly ca

43、tegorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didnt notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had tw

44、o surgeries.I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of selfreflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of selfhatred cannot be undone overnight, I have ta

45、ken first steps to acceptance.I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end o

46、f the day are just water off a ducks back.24. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?A. She could change her weight at will.B. She had different beauty standards from others.C. She tried to love others to build her confidence.D. She was greatly influenced by others opinions

47、.25. Why did the author think she wasnt “enough”?A. She was poorly disciplined.B. She failed to celebrate “skinny”C. She was labelled as lazy for her weight.D. She put on more weight after entering adulthood.26. What caused the author to make a change?A. Her lighter body.B. A troublesome illness.C.

48、Popular beauty standards.D. Others critical comments.27. What is the best title for the text?A. Beauty matters.B. Opinions vary.C. Worth your weight.D. Beyond your limits.【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文的文章。作者由于体重偏重一直处于自卑的心理状态，所以拼命减肥，直到一场重病让她清醒过来，开始接受自己的体重，爱护自己。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Having fa

49、iled to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.（由于没有达到传统的美的标准，我确信如果我想要被爱，我需要付出更多，做任何事情来取悦周围的人。）”中的to please everyone around可知，作者深受周围人的看法的影响。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“I entered adulthood th

50、inking I wasnt “enough”an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weightselfimprovement, disciplineall virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined.（我进入了成年期，认为自己“不够”这个想法的萌芽，不仅是因为“瘦”受到称赞

51、，还因为与减肥相关的语言自我改善、自律都是美德。肥胖很快就会把你归类为懒惰和无纪律的人。）”中的lazy and undisciplined可知，由于肥胖，作者还被贴上了懒惰（lazy）和无纪律的标签。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.（例如，我没有意

52、识到，我的生理期比以往任何时候都更沉重和痛苦。事实上，我得了一种罕见的疾病，后来做了两次手术。）”中的disease以及第四段“I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true.（我总是觉得我的体重是我生活中许多问题的根源; 我已经知道这不是真的。）”中的I have learnt this is not true可知，由于生病作者已经意识到体重不是自己问题的根源。再结合第四段最后“I have taken f

53、irst steps to acceptance.（但我已经迈出了接受现实的第一步。）”作者做出了改变。由此推测，是生病让作者决心做出改变。故选B项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long.（有时候我会在社交媒体上看到一些声音，说我太胖了，不值得被爱，但是我正学着不要长时间地关注这个

54、想法。）”可知，作者主要想表达接受自己原本的体重，并学会爱自己。C项“你的体重有价值”符合题意，适合作标题。故选C项。CThe far side of the moon is a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet. Soon this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes

55、.Astronomers are planning to make the moons distant side our newest and best window on the cosmic(宇宙的) dark ages, a mysterious era hiding early marks of stars and galaxies. Our universe was not always filled with stars. About 380,000 years after the big bang, the universe cooled, and the first atoms

56、 of hydrogen formed. Gigantic hydrogen clouds soon filled the universe. But for a few hundred million years, everything remained dark, without stars. Then came the cosmic dawn: the first stars flickered, galaxies came into existence and slowly the universes largescale structure took shape.The seeds

57、of this structure must have been present in the darkage hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical(光学的) telescopesthere was no light. And although this hydrogen produced longwavelength(or lowfrequency) radio emissions,radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly imposs

58、ible to detect them. Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanitys radio noise.Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moons far side. Now multiple space agencies plan lunar missions carrying ra

59、diowavedetecting instrumentssome within the next three yearsand astronomers dreams are set to become reality.“If I were to design an ideal place to do lowfrequency radio astronomy, I would have to build the moon,” says astrophysicist Jack Burns of the University of Colorado Boulder. “We are just now

60、 finally getting to the place where were actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.”28. Whats the purpose of building radio telescopes on the moon?A To research the big bang.B. To discover unknown stars.C. To study the cosmic dark ages.D. To observe the far

61、 side of the moon.29. What does the underlined word “probe” in Paragraph 3 possibly mean?A. Explore.B. Evaluate.C. Produce.D. Predict.30. Hydrogen radio emissions cant be detected on Earth because _A. there was no light in the dark agesB. they cannot possibly get through our atmosphereC. gigantic hy

62、drogen clouds no longer fill the universeD. radio signals on Earth cause too much interference31. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?A. Scientists have to rebuild the moon.B. We will finally get to the moons distant side.C. The moon is a perfect place to set up radi

63、o telescopes.D. A favorable research environment will be found on the moon.【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们想要在月球背面架设射电望远镜，以此来研究宇宙暗黑纪元。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“The far side of the moon is a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly

64、 from our planet. Soon this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes.（月球的背面是一个奇怪而狂野的区域，与我们每晚从地球上看到的熟悉而平滑的面孔大不相同。很快，这个粗糙的空间将会有更加奇特的特征: 它将被射电望远镜所包围。）”可知，月球的远端很快就要被射电望远镜所包围；而根据第四段“Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the

65、 moons far side.（几十年来，科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元。）”可知，科学家们想通过研究月球的背面来研究宇宙的黑暗纪元。由以上可以推出，架设电望远镜的目的是研究宇宙的黑暗纪元。故选C项。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词部分“The seeds of this structure must have been present in the darkage hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical(光学的) telescopesthere was no lig

66、ht.（这种结构的种子一定存在于黑暗纪元的氢云中，但是这个时代不可能用光学望远镜来probe 那里没有光。）”中的there was no light解释了不能用光学望远镜的原因。且根据后文“And although this hydrogen produced longwavelength (or lowfrequency) radio emissions, radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them.（尽管这种氢气产生了长波长(或低频率)的电辐射，但地球上的射电望远镜已经发现几乎不可能探测

67、到它们。）”中detect即为“探测”之意。前后对应，probe应为“探测”之意，意同“explore”。故选A项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanitys radio noise.（我们的大气层要么阻碍或干扰这些微弱的信号；那些通过的信号被人类的无线电噪声所淹没。）”中的humanitys radio noise可知，检测不到射电辐射的原因是，地球上的无线电信号造成了太多

68、的干扰。故选D项。【31题详解】判断推理题。根据第四段“Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moons far side.（几十年来，科学家们一直梦想着从月球的背面研究宇宙的暗黑纪元。）”和最后一段“We are just now finally getting to the place where were actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years

69、.”（ “我们未来几年将把这些望远镜放在月球上的地方。”）”可推知，划线部分的意思是月球是架设射电望远镜的理想场所。故选C项。DImprovements to energy efficiency, such as LED lights, are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions. Yet a growing body of research suggests that a rebound effect could wipe out more than half of the savin

70、gs from energy efficiency improvements, making the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change even harder to hit.A team led by Paul Brockway at the University of Leeds, UK, looked at the existing 33 studies on the impact of the rebound effect. First comes the direct rebound: for instance,when so

71、meone buys a more efficient car, they may take advantage of that by driving it further. Then comes the indirect rebound: fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy, consuming energy.Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect, they p

72、roduced very consistent estimates of its impact, leading the team to conclude that the effect wipes out, on average, 63 percent of the anticipated energy savings.“Were not saying energy efficiency doesnt work. What were saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously,” says Brockway.The idea that

73、 increased efficiency may not deliver the hopedfor savings dates back to the Jevons paradox(悖论), named after the economist William Stanley Jevons, who, in 1865,observed that more efficient coal use led to more demand for coal.If the rebound effect does prove to be as big as suggested, it means futur

74、e global energy demand will be higher than expected and the world will need far more wind and solar power and carboncapture technology than is currently being planned for.But that doesnt mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect. One answer is to double down on energy efficiency and do tw

75、ice as much to achieve the same effect.32. Which of the following is a rebound effect?A. A man uses LED lights to cut carbon emissions.B. A company uses coal more efficiently to reduce waste.C. A family saves money by using energysaving devices.D. A lady spends savings from her fuel efficient car on

76、 more clothes.33. How did Paul Brockways team carry out their research?A. By interviewing economists.B. By analyzing former studies.C. By modeling the rebound effect.D. By debating about the Jevons paradox.34. What would Paul Brockway probably agree with?A. Authorities should dismiss energy efficien

77、cy.B. Worldwide efforts to preserve energy are in vain.C. The rebound effect helps protect the environment.D. More attention should be paid to the rebound effect.35. Whats the authors attitude towards limiting the rebound effect?A. Positive.B. Pessimistic.C. Doubtful.D. Disapproving.【答案】32. D 33. B

78、34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由提高能源效率所带来的反弹效应可能使其节省的资金大大缩减，并指出人们应采取任何措施来限制反弹效应。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Then comes the indirect rebound: fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy, consuming energy.（然后是间接反弹：节省的燃料使车主有更多的钱花在其他经济领域，消耗能源。）”可知，D项“女士把省油汽车节省的钱花在买更多的衣服上。”就是把省

79、下来的钱花在其他经济领域（服装领域）上，符合间接反弹效应。项正确，其它选项不符合题意。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect,（尽管这33项研究使用了不同的方法来模拟反弹效应，）”中的model the rebound effect可知，研究团队是通过模拟回弹效应进行他们的研究的。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Were not saying energy efficiency doesnt work. What were

80、 saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously,” says Brockway.（Brockway说：“我们并不是说能源效率不起作用，我们的意思是需要更加认真地对待经济反弹。”）”中的be taken more seriously可知，Brockway认为应该更加关注回弹效应。故选D项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“But that doesnt mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect. One answer is to double down on energy

81、 efficiency and do twice as much to achieve the same effect.（但这并不意味着我们不能采取任何措施来限制反弹效应。一个解决办法是加倍提高能源效率，并采取双倍的措施来达到同样的效果。）”中的双重否定句可知，作者对于限制反弹效应是持积极（positive）态度的，并提出了对应的解决办法。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Improve Your RelationshipsHaving stable and positive rela

82、tionships in your life can make you happier and more fulfilled. Whether its your friends, family, or significant other, improving a relationship can sometimes be confusing. _36_Express your appreciation for the person._37_ Notice the positive things that the person is doing and go out of your way to

83、 show your appreciation for them. You can also show your appreciation by remembering important events like anniversaries or birthdays._38_If you hardly see each other or talk to each other, it can be difficult to maintain a relationship. Take extra time out of your day and devote it to the person th

84、at you want to improve relations with. Try to work around the other persons schedule so that you can spend the time together. You can share a meal, watch a show, listen to music, or go shopping with them.Turn off distractions.Distractions like a cell phone, social media, or video games can create a

85、division in between you and another person. If you notice that you are always distracted, you should turn off your cell phone or computer and talk to them. _39_Seek therapy(心理治疗) if you cant get along.To fix or improve family relationships or relationships with your significant other, you can turn t

86、o therapy. If you notice that you and the person are always arguing over the same kinds of things, and nothing has worked, you should consider seeking therapy with them. _40_ And family therapy may be able to restore bonds between family members.A. Spend more time with the person.B. Maintain a relat

87、ionship if possible.C. People often like to be praised for achievements.D. A specialist can help solve longterm issues in the relationship.E. If they are the one always distracted, ask them if they can do the same.F. Follow the tips and you can develop good relationships with your family.G. Luckily,

88、 by adjusting your behaviour, you can improve any relationship in your life.【答案】36. G 37. C 38. A 39. E 40. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条通过调整个人行为来改善生活中各种关系的建议。【36题详解】前文“Having stable and positive relationships in your life can make you happier and more fulfilled. Whether its your friends, family, or sign

89、ificant other, improving a relationship can sometimes be confusing.（在你的生活中拥有稳定和积极的人际关系可以让你更快乐和更充实。无论是你的朋友，家人，还是重要的人，改善关系有时会让人困惑。）”中的confusing以及后文小标题“Express your appreciation for the person.”等具体提出建议可知，划线处应表示提出做出改变的建议。G项“幸运的是，通过调整你的行为，你可以改善你生活中的任何关系。”符合题意，起到承上启下的过渡作用，故选G项。【37题详解】根据小标题“Express your ap

90、preciation for the person.（表达你对对方感激之情。）”可知，此段讨论“表扬别人”，C项“人们常常喜欢因为成就而受到表扬。”中的be praised与小标题中appreciation叙述一致，逻辑合理。故选C项。【38题详解】根据后文“If you hardly see each other or talk to each other, it can be difficult to maintain a relationship. Take extra time out of your day and devote it to the person that you w

91、ant to improve relations with.（如果你们很少见面或者交谈，那么维持一段关系就会很困难。从你的一天中抽出额外的时间，把它奉献给你想要改善关系的人。）”中的Take extra time out of your day可知，此段讨论“留出时间给想要改善关系的人”。A项“花更多的时间和对方在一起。”符合题意。故选A项。【39题详解】根据小标题“Turn off distractions.”及前文“If you notice that you are always distracted, you should turn off your cell phone or com

92、puter and talk to them.”可知，该段重点讨论“避免分心”。E项“如果他们总是分心，问问他们是否也可以这样做。”中的distracted与前文叙述一致，符合题意。故选E项。【40题详解】前文“If you notice that you and the person are always arguing over the same kinds of things, and nothing has worked, you should consider seeking therapy with them.（如果你注意到你和那个人总是在为同样的事情争吵，而没有任何结果，你应该考

93、虑和他们一起寻求治疗。）”讲到seeking therapy，与D项“一个专家可以帮助解决关系中的长期问题。”中的a specialist can help都指邀请专业人士进行帮助，前后语义一致，符合题意。故选D项。第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Satya Nadella still remembers his interview question from many years ago, “A baby falls, and is crying, what

94、will you do?” “Ill call 911.” Then, he was told to _41_ some empathy(同理心). Because he needs to pick the baby up and _42_ it first before he calls.Nadella says that although he did get the job, the _43_ he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business.One of Nadellas main tasks

95、when he _44_ as Microsofts CEO was to get his key people on the same page. Empathy would prove _45_ to making that happen.To illustrate, imagine that you walk into work one day to find a colleague _46_ about a problem. You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining?” Or, “Ive had that p

96、roblem before”. Whats the big _47_?”Even if you dont _48_ those thoughts, just thinking them will make you likely to get _49_ or frustrated when dealing with your colleague. This, of course, only makes the situation worse for themand completely _50_ your relationship._51_, what if you offered your c

97、olleague a(n) _52_ ear? When you do this, youre learning to see the world through the eyes of others. Your colleague will see you as someone who is quick to encourage and build up_53_ tear down. Because they feel _54_, theyll put forth more effortand will be_55_ to try and understand you the next ti

98、me you need the same treatment.41. A. measureB. developC. challengeD. experience42. A. saveB. hugC. pullD. greet43. A. answerB. practiceC. lessonD. skill44. A. took overB. gave upC. took offD. gave in45. A. simpleB. efficientC. harmfulD. essential46. A. arguingB. talkingC. thinkingD. complaining47.

99、A. dealB. caseC. newsD. plan48. A. collectB. readC. clearD. voice49. A. annoyedB. ashamedC. surprisedD. scared50. A. improvesB. destroysC. handlesD. builds51. A. In shortB. In generalC. In contrastD. In consequence52. A. ringingB. listeningC. burningD. aching53. A. other thanB. more thanC. better th

100、anD. rather than54. A. recognizedB. appreciatedC. understoodD. influenced55. A. inspiredB. remindedC. orderedD. persuaded【答案】41. B 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章通过讲述微软首席执行官纳德拉的经历，说明了同理心在工作中的重要性。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他被告诉要有同理心。A.me

101、asure测量；B.develop培养；C.challenge挑战；D.experience体验。根据下文“Because he needs to pick the baby up”可知，他被告诉要养成同理心，把孩子抱起来。故选B。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他需要在打电话之前首先把他抱起来并抱紧它。A.save救助；B.hug紧抱；C.pull拉；D.greet欢迎。根据上文“A baby falls, and is crying, what will you do?”和“he needs to pick the baby up”可知，他被告诉先把哭泣的孩子抱起来，抱紧它。故选

102、B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：纳德拉说，尽管他确实得到了这份工作，但他从这个面试问题中学到的教训是做好生意的核心。A.answer答案；B.practice练习；C.lesson教训；D.skill技能。根据下文“he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business.”可推断，纳德拉认为从这个面试问题学到的教训是做好生意的核心。故选C。【44题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当纳德拉接任微软首席执行官时，他的主要任务之一就是让他的重要人物在意见上一致。 A.took over接管；B.gave u

103、p放弃；C.took off起飞；D.gave in屈服。根据下文“as Microsofts CEO”可知，此处说的是他接任了微软首席执行官的职位。故选A。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要实现这些，同理心被证明是极其重要的。A.simple简单；B.efficient效率高的； C.harmful有害的；D.essential极其重要的。根据上文“the _3_ he learned from that interview question is core to doing good business”可知，纳德拉认为从面试中学到的教训是做好生意的核心，结合第一段的“he was

104、told to _1_ some empathy(同理心).”可推断，同理心在做生意是至关重要的，因此同理心被证明在让重要人物意见一致上也是极其重要的。故选D。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：举例说明一下，想象一下有一天你去上班发现同事在抱怨一个问题。A.arguing争论；B.talking谈话；C.thinking认为；D.complaining抱怨。根据下文“You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining?” Or, “Ive had that problem before.”可知，同事在抱怨问题。故选D。【4

105、7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：什么大不了的？ A.deal交易；事情；B.case情况；C.news新闻；D.plan计划。根据上文的两个问题“Why are they always complaining?” Or, “Ive had that problem before”可推断，你认为问题没有什么大不了的。Whats the big deal？表示：什么大不了的？固定用法。故选A。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你不表达那些想法，只是想想他们就会让你在与同事打交道时烦恼或者沮丧。A.collect收集；B.read读；C.clear清除；D.voice表达。根据下文“jus

106、t thinking them”可知，此处说的是你不表达那些想法，只是想想。故选D。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.annoyed烦恼的；B.ashamed羞耻的；C.surprised惊奇的；D.scared恐惧的。根据下文的“or frustrated”可知，此处选择与frustrated意思相近的词，表示那些想法很可能让你烦恼或者沮丧。故选A。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，对于他们这只会让情况更糟完全毁掉了你们的关系。A.improves提高；B.destroys毁坏；C.handles处理；D.builds建立。根据上文“This, of course,

107、only makes the situation worse for them”可知，同事的牢骚让你想想都烦恼和沮丧，情况成为更糟糕的，结果完全毁掉了你们的关系。故选B。【51题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：相比之下，如果你给你的同事一个倾听的耳朵。A.In short简而言之；B.In general一般来说；C.In contrast相比之下；D.In consequence结果。上文“You may think to yourself, “Why are they always complaining?” Or, “Ive had that problem before”.”与下文“yo

108、u offered your colleague a(n) _12_ ear”是相对的，此处用来作比较。故选C。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.ringing铃响；B.listening倾听；C.burning燃烧；D.aching疼痛。根据下文“When you do this, youre learning to see the world through the eyes of others. Your colleague will see you as someone who is quick to encourage and build up_13_ tear down

109、.”可知，如果你倾听同事的抱怨，你会学着通过别人的眼睛看世界，同事会把你看做是鼓励他人的人。故选B。【53题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：你的同事会把你看作是一个快速鼓励他人和让他们重拾信心的人而不是摧毁他人的人。A.other than除了；B.more than多于；C.better than比更好；D.rather than而不是。上文的“encourage and build up”与下文“tear down”是转折关系。故选D。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他们感到被理解，他们会付出更多努力下次你需要同样的对待时，被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.recognized认出；识别；B

110、.appreciated感激；C.understood理解；D.influenced影响。根据下文“understand you the next time you need the same treatment.”可知，同事感到被理解，会付出更多的努力。故选C。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他们感到受到影响，他们会付出更多努力下次你需要同样的对待时，他们会被鼓舞去尝试理解你。A.inspired鼓舞；B.reminded提醒；C.ordered订购；命令；D.persuaded说服。根据上文“Because they feel _14_”可推断，你鼓励了同事，同事感到被理解，更加

111、努力，下次你需要同样的对待时，他们会被鼓舞着去理解你。故选A。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever wondered why people from different countries eat different types of food? There is more of a connection between food and culture _56_ you may think.On an individual level, we grow up _57_ (eat) the f

112、ood of our culture. Family _58_ (dish) often become the comfort food we seek as adults _59_ lower points of our lives. For instance, whenever I feel stressed, I remember the soup my mom made for me when I was sick as a kid. On a larger sale, food is _60_ expression of cultural identity. Immigrants c

113、ook traditional food as a way of preserving their culture in their new homes.Each countrys unique cuisine reflects its history, lifestyle and beliefs. In China, harmony is reflected in Chinese cuisine, _61_ almost every flavour is used in a_62_ (balance) way to create delicious food. Also, Chinese p

114、eople have a _63_ (historic) elaborate(精致的) style, which can be seen in their architecture, costumes and food. In the US, the cuisine reflects its history of immigration, which introduced many different cooking styles. Over the years, the US therefore _64_ (develop) a rich diversity in food preparat

115、ion.As the world becomes more globalized, it is _65_ (easy) to access cuisines from different cultures. We should embrace our heritage through our cultures food, but we should also become more informed about other cultures by trying food from around the world.【答案】56. than 57. eating 58. dishes 59. a

116、t 60. an 61. where 62. balanced 63. historically 64. has developed 65. easier【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物与文化之间的关系。【56题详解】考查连词。句意：你有没有想过为什么不同国家的人吃不同种类的食物？食物和文化之间的联系比你想的更多。根据前文中more可知，空处应填连词than，表示“比你想的更多”。故填than。【57题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在个人层面上，我们吃着我们文化中的食物长大。分析句子可知，eat与we之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词作伴随状语。故填eating。【58题详解】考查名

117、词复数。句意：家庭食物往往是我们成年后处于人生低谷时寻求的安慰。根据空后become可知，空处应填名词复数。故填dishes。【59题详解】考查介词。句意：家庭食物往往是我们成年后处于人生低谷时寻求的安慰。at lower points of life为固定短语，意为“处于人生的低谷”。故填at。【60题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：在一个更大的范围来说，食物是一种文化身份的表达。expression为可数名词，此处表泛指，且发音以元音音素开头，空处应使用不定冠词an。故填an。【61题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在中国，和谐反映在中国的烹饪中，几乎每一种味道都用一种平衡的方式来制作美味的食物。cu

118、isine为抽象地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。【62题详解】考查形容词。句意：在中国，和谐反映在中国的烹饪中，几乎每一种味道都用一种平衡的方式来制作美味的食物。分析句子可知，空处应使用形容词作定语，修饰名词way。故填balanced。【63题详解】考查副词。句意：此外，中国人有一种历史悠久的精致风格，这可以从他们的建筑、服装和食物中看出来。分析句子可知，空处应使用副词作状语，修饰形容词elaborate。故填historically。【64题详解】考查时态。句意：多年来，美国在食品加工方面发展出了丰富的多样性。由时间状语Over the years可知，句子应使用现在完成

119、时。且主语the US为第三人称单数，故填has developed。【65题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：随着世界变得越来越全球化，人们很容易接触到来自不同文化的美食。根据空前more globalized可知，空处也应该使用形容词比较级。故填easier。第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)66. 假定你是校学生会主席李华,你校足球队将与来自伦敦的学生进行一场友谊赛,请你代表全体师生用英语写一篇欢迎辞。内容包括：1. 校队简介；2. 比赛意义；3. 表达祝愿。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇：友谊赛a frien

120、dly matchDear guests, teachers and fellow students,Im Li Hua, chairman of the Students Union._Thank you!【答案】Dear guests, teachers and fellow students,Im Li Hua, chairman of the Students Union. First, please allow me, on behalf of our school, to extend the warmest welcome to our distinguished guests

121、from London. And we are honoured to have the chance to play a friendly match with you.Established in the 1950s, our football team enjoys a good reputation as one of the top teams throughout the province, winning one championship after another. Now it has 50 members and 4 coaches. Todays friendly mat

122、ch is a golden opportunity for young players from Britain and China to develop footballing skills and enhance our friendship.Finally, I heartily wish the match a remarkable success.Thank you!【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给来自伦敦与你校进行足球友谊赛的学生们写一篇欢迎辞，欢迎他们远道而来。【详解】1.词汇积累建立：foundestablish提高：improveenhance真诚地：si

123、ncerelyheartily尊贵的：respecteddistinguished2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：And we are honoured to have the chance to play a friendly match with you.拓展句：And we are honoured to have the chance to play a friendly match with you, which will take place this weekend.【点睛】高分句型1 Established in the 1950s, our football team enj

124、oys a good reputation as one of the top teams throughout the province, winning one championship after another. (运用了establish过去分词短语作状语)高分句型2 And we are honoured to have the chance to play a friendly match with you. (运用了动词不定式作后置定语)第二节 读后续写(满分25分)67. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Everything abou

125、t moving day was a puzzle. I didnt know anything about our new building on a new street. Our old life was broken into pieces and packed up in piled boxes. I wondered if it would ever fit back together again.Mom introduced me to our new neighbours, the Chens. Mrs Chen worked with Mom at the job shed

126、just started. Mr Chen was a famous craftsman(匠人) from China.Mom said it was a fresh start, but it felt broken to me. I just wanted things to go back to how they had been before.After the first day at my new school, I walked home alone. Mom had told me she had to work. I was still hoping shed meet me

127、 after the bell. I had to open the door myself with the new key. I felt a bit hungry and went straight into the kitchen, ripping tape from the packed boxes while I searched for a clean plate. My fingers slipped, and something went crashing to the ground.“Benjamin” cried Mom from the doorway. I didnt

128、 hear her come in. “What just broke?” she asked, kneeling to pick up the pieces. In her hands, I recognized the shattered pieces. It was Grandmas bowl. “I cant believe you broke this,” she said.“Well, I cant believe we have to live here now! I cant believe I have to switch schools, and I cant believ

129、e you didnt even meet me after my first day” I ran into my room, slamming the door behind me.The broom swept across the kitchen floor. Then the click of Moms bedroom door closed behind her. I sneaked out into the kitchen and found the fragments in the dustbin. There were so many pieces in here, but

130、maybe I could put them back together. Turning the pieces, I tried to match them,but this bowl would never look the same again.“Im sorry I yelled,” said Mom, as she opened her door. “Please just throw out the pieces. We cant make a fresh start with broken things.”As I wandered down the hall Mr Chen w

131、as emptying his garbage.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph 1：“Are you sure you want to throw that out?” he asked._Paragraph 2：I brought the repaired bowl into her room._【答案】Paragraph 1：“Are you sure you want to throw that out?” he asked. My throat twisted into a knot. “Its broken,”

132、I murmured. “Thats a simple repair. Come.” In their apartment, Mr Chen spread the broken pieces out like a jigsaw puzzle. After finding each match, he taught me to delicately rebuild the bowl, filling in the crack lines with a special paint. Finally, the bowl was together again. I held it gently in

133、the palm of my hand and admired it for long. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as before. I couldnt wait to show it to Mom and rushed back home.Paragraph 2：I brought the repaired bowl into her room. Obviously, she was more than surprised to see the bowl again. “Its amazing” she marveled, runni

134、ng her fingertip over the fixed cracks. “Mr Chen helped me mend it. He is a superb craftsman,” I said with a grin. “Definitely. After being repaired, it looks much stronger than before” said Mom, smiling radiantly. I sat on the edge of her bed, and Mom reached out to me. Our hands joined with crissc

135、rossed fingers, we both knew this was a new beginning.【解析】【分析】本文以一个举家迁移的小男孩人主要人物，展开描写。主要讲述了一个名叫本杰明的小男孩因搬入新的居所，感到很不适应，对妈妈很不理解。因为一只摔碎的碗，与妈妈发生了争吵。然后，在陈先生的帮助下，修复了这只碗，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“他问我是否确定要扔掉那些碎片。”可知，第一段可描写作者在中国匠人陈先生的帮助下，修复了摔碎的碗。由第二段首句内容“我把修复好的碗拿给妈妈看”可知，第二段可描写作者将修复好的碗给妈妈展示，从而消除了母子之间的隔阂

136、。2.续写线索：修复完成喜出望外向妈妈展示微笑心贴心3.词汇激活行为类.散开：spread out/fan out/scatter.欣赏：admire/appreciate/enjoy .猛冲：rush/storm/run情绪类.惊叹：marvel/amaze.喜气洋洋地：radiantly/cheerfully/brightly【点睛】高分句型1. She marveled, running her fingertip over the fixed cracks.（由running现在分词短语作状语）高分句型2. Slightly different, it was as beautiful as before.（由形容词different作状语）高分句型3. Our hands joined with crisscrossed fingers, we both knew this was a new beginning.（名词hands+过去分词joined构成的独立主格结构）