Unit 4 Growing up 课时3 Grammar-【帮课堂】2021-2022学年九年级英语上册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）.doc

1、Unit 4 Growing up Grammar 知识精讲知识点01 时间状语从句 教材P54-56 【用法详解】引导时间状语从句的连词有：while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, before, after, since, whenever, etc.时间状语从句连词例句说明whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。while While it was raining, they went out.正当天

2、下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候而我在。(然而)All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而，并列连词)while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，有时表示主从句的轻微转折，译为：“然而”while引导的动作必须是持续性的。as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。 As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。as （译为“一边一边”）引

3、导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；as译为“随着” before I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。 Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。在.以前afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。after“在之后”till untilWe waited till(until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她直到

4、11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”；notuntil表示“直到才”“在以前不”。主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。【例】He didnt leave until/before I came back.有时可用never, nothing代替not. 如果从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until, 不用till. since Great changes have taken place in China

5、since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon asAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。My brother went out as soon as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua.as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后， 意为“一就”。如果主句是一般将来时，

6、情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。当主句是一般过去时，从句一般也用一般过去时，简言之：主将从现；主过从过Whenever Whenever he sees the book, he will think of the good memory.无论何时，他看到那本书，他都会想起美好的记忆。whenever = no matter when 无论何时【典例讲解】1.- Mr. Smith, please teach me how to draw on the computer today.- Oh, no. _. You have to get familiar with t

7、he keyboard first.A.Its never too old to learnB.Think twice before you doC.Dont be a wet blanketD.Learn to walk before you run【答案】D【解析】句意：史米斯先生，请今天教我怎样用电脑画画。哦，不。心急吃不到热豆腐。你必须先熟悉键盘。考查谚语理解题。A. Its never too old to learn活到老学到老。B. Think twice before you do三思而后行。C. Dont be a wet blanket不要煞风景。D. Learn to w

8、alk before you run心急吃不到热豆腐。根据句意语境，可知Learn to walk before you run符合语境，故选D。2.When will she go home?She _ home _ she finishes her homework.A. wont go ; before, B. goes,;beforeC. wont go; until D.go,;after【答案】C【解析】句意：-她将什么时候回家？-她直到完成作业才回家。notuntil直到才，根据句意和语境判断应选C.3. - Could you tell me _?- Sorry， I dont

9、 know. I will call you _.A.when your brother comes back； when he will come backB.when your brother will come back； when he comes backC.when your brother comes back； when he comes backD.when your brother will come back； when he will come back【答案】B【解析】句意：-你能告诉我你哥哥什么时候回来吗? 对不起， 我不知道。他回来时我会打电话给你。when在前一

10、句中，是特殊疑问词“什么时候”，在宾语从句中使用陈述句的语序；when在后一句中，意思是 “当时候”，引导时间状语从句， 用一般现在时代替将来时。所以选B。4.一What were you and your parents doing_it began to rain last night? 一I was doing my homework_my parents were watching TV.A.when；when B.while；whileC.when；while D.while；when【答案】C【解析】句意：昨晚开始下雨的时候你和你父母正在干什么？我正在做家庭作业，而我的父母正在看电

11、视。第一空引导时间状语从句，且began是瞬间性动词，所以用when引导。第二空前后两句时态一致，且动作几乎同时进行，所以用while连接并列结构。故答案选C。5.She didnt go to work _ that morning. She slept _ noon.A./tillB.ontillC.atatD./at【答案】A【解析】句意：那天早晨她没去上班，她一直睡到了中午。考查介词用法。当morning被that修饰时前面不能跟介词，排除AD；till noon表示一直到中午。故选A。6. _ will the meeting between the two National lea

12、ders last?_ they reach an agreement.A.When,UntilB.When,Not untilC.How long,UntilD.How long,Not until【答案】C【解析】句意：两国领导人之间的会议会持续多久？ 直到他们达成了协议。考查特殊疑问句，When什么时候（提问具体的时间）；Until直到；How long多久（问时间）；notuntil直到才，但通常不用not until。分析句意，可知第一句是问会议持续多长时间，用How long提问，回答是直到他们达成共识。用Until。故选C。7.The Greens have_ the flat

13、in the centre of city_ five years ago.A.bought; sinceB.bought; forC.had; sinceD.had; for【答案】C【解析】句意为：格林一家从五年前起就住在市中心的那套公寓里。bought买（buy的过去式和过去分词）；had有；吃；得到（动词have的过去式和过去分词）； for给，对，供；以帮助，为了； 关于；since因为；由于；既然；自以来；自以后。综合分析前后句， 可知此处填had; since最合适，依据 five years ago.表示自此之后。这之后一直延续至今，故用延续性动词had，bought是短暂性动

14、词。正确答案为：C8.He called me _ he started. And _ he arrives, Ill meet him at the airport.A.after; becauseB.before; as soon asC.while; whenD.until; as soon as【答案】B【解析】句意：在他出发之前给我打了电话。他一到我就去机场接他。在-之前用before；一-就用as soon as。故选B。知识点02 against 教材P56【用法详解】against 作为介词的用法1.反对；与相反；逆；违反Were playing against the lea

15、gue champions next week.下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。Thats against the law.那是违法的。She was forced to marry against her will.她被迫违心地嫁了人。Are you for or against the death penalty?你赞成还是反对死刑？She is against seeing him.她不想见他。Id advise you against doing that.我劝你别做那事。2.对不利The evidence is against him.证据对他不利。Her age is against

16、her.她的年龄对她不利。3.紧靠；倚；碰；撞Put the piano there, against the wall.把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户。【典例讲解】When you visit a museum, some instructions should _and wed better not _ them.A.pay attention to ; be against B.be paid attention ; againstC.be paid attention to ; against D.be pa

17、id attention to ; be against【答案】D【解析】句意：当你参观博物馆时，一些说明应该被注意到，我们最好不违反他们。第一个空应是被动语态的结构be+过去分词；pay attention to注意；had better not do最好不做某事；against 介词，反对；故选D。能力拓展一单项选择。1.I want to know when _ have a field trip.Well have it when all the work _.A.you are; will finishB.you will; finishesC.you will; is finish

18、edD.you will; is finish【答案】C【解析】句意：我想知道你们什么时候去郊游。等所有的工作都完成了，我们就去了。考查动词时态。根据句子结构分析可知，第一句为宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不限，因为郊游的事情发生在将来，所以从句时态应用一般将来时；第二句为when引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，所以此从句应为一般现在时，又因为从句主语“all the work”和动词 “finish（完成）”为被动关系，所以从句应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。2.While the woman_ , the accident happened.A.droveB.was d

19、rivingC.is drivingD.drives【答案】B【解析】句意：正当那位妇女开车时，事故发生了。while当的时候；与它连用的时态为进行时态，根据后面的happened判断，前一个句子为过去进行时态，故答案为B。3.Jims mother was cooking while he on the Internet.A.is chatting B.chatting C. was chatting D.chats【答案】C【解析】句意：吉姆的妈妈做饭的时候，同时他在网上聊天。根据while一词可知主从句的动作是同时进行的，所以该用过去进行时，故选C。4. I_ go home _the

20、concert was over.A.didnt; untilB.wasnt; tillC.dont; untilD.wont; till【答案】A【解析】句意：直到音乐会结束我才回家。考查until用法。not until直到才，因为the concert was over是过去式，所以主句也要用过去时，排除C/D选项；go 是实义动词，要找助动词did在其后加not，故选A。5.Im looking forward to the film A Road To Spring. _ will it be first shown?_ the 28th August, 2020.A.When; U

21、ntilB.When; Not untilC.How long; UntilD.How long; Not until【答案】B【解析】句意：我期待着电影春天之路。这部电影什么时候上映？直到2020年8月28日才首映。考查疑问词辨析和until用法。when什么时候，表时间；how long多长，问一段时间；until直到，和not连用表示“直到才”，引导时间状语从句。根据回答“the 28th August, 2020”是问电影什么时候上映，when符合句意；结合语境，“它直到2020年8月28日才会首次上映”，即it wont be first shown until the 28th A

22、ugust, 2020.，可知答句是“notuntil”结构，故选B。6.They _ in 2008 and they have had a happy family _ 2008.A. were married; since B. got married; inC. married; from D. got married; since【答案】D【解析】句意：他们是在2008年结婚的， 2008年他们就已经有了一个幸福美满的家庭。此题考查一般过去时和现在完成时。根据句意，故选D。7.The students hurried to the classroom _ the bell rang.

23、A.as soon as B.until C.if D.so that【答案】A【解析】句意：铃声一响，学生们就匆忙赶到教室。A. as soon as 连词，一.就.，引导时间状语从句; B. until连词，直到，引导时间状语从句， 主句若是肯定句，动词为延续性动词，而hurried为暂时性动词；C. if 连词，是否或如果，引导宾语从句或条件状语从句；D. so that为了，引导目的状语从句。根据上下文关系可知, 表示时间关系“一.就.”。故选：A。8.He climbed up the ladder _ the wall and went into the room _ the op

24、en window.A.through； againstB.against； throughC.against； againstD.through； through【答案】B【解析】句意：他爬上在墙上的梯子，并且通过窗户走进房间。结合句意，against表示反对；through表示内部的通过穿过。故选B。分层提分题组A 基础过关练一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.These trees should _（water）after they _（plant）.【答案】be watered are planted 【解析】句意：这些树种好后应该浇水。主从句的主语和动词之间都是动宾关系，故空一应用含有

25、情态动词的被动语态，构成形式为should be done；water的过去分词是watered；空二应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为be done；主语“they”是复数形式，be用are；plant的过去分词是planted。故填be watered；are planted。2.After he got home, the new_ (spread).【答案】had been spread【解析】句意：他到家后，新消息已经传开了。根据“After he got home”可知，“到家”的动作发生在过去，“消息已经传开了”是过去的过去，主语是the new，和谓语之间存在被动关系，此处用

26、过去完成时的被动语态，其结构是had been done的形式。spead是动词，扩散。过去分词是spread。故填had been spread。3.I _ (watch) TV when someone knocked at the door.【答案】was watching【解析】句意：当有人敲门的时候，我正在看电视。本题是由when引导的时间状语从句，其时态为一般过去时，因此看电视是在过去的某个时间内正在发生的动作，因此用过去进行时。其形式为was /were + V-ing。此题的主语是I，因此be动词用was。故答案为：was watching。4.Dont make much n

27、oise when _ (read) in the library.【答案】reading【解析】句意：在图书馆看书时不要大声喧哗。此句为“主祈从现”结构，即Dont make much noise when you are reading in the library.因为表示“正在图书馆读书”，所以是现在进行时态。在时间状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致，从句的主语+be可以省略。故填reading。5.When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.【答案】(had) finished left 【解析】句意：当主席（已

28、经）说完，他离开了大厅。本句讲述过去的一件事情，所以应该用一般过去时，finish的过去式为finished；leave的过去式为left。或者如果强调“结束讲话”在“离开”这个动作发生之前，那么第一个空也可以用过去完成时，其构成“had+动词的过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished，故填(had) finished；left。6.I _ (do) my homework while they _ (talk).【答案】was doing were talking 【解析】句意：他们在谈话时，我正在做我的家庭作业。分析句子可知，本句要表达的是“某人正在做某事时，其他人正在做某事”

29、，即主从两句都是进行时；由于句子陈述的是发生过的事情，所以要用过去进行时，即要用“was/were+V-ing”的结构；主句主语是“I”，所以do要变成“was doing”，从句主语是“they”，所以talk要变成were talking，故填was doing；were talking。题组B 能力提升练一、完型填空I am Ali. I have always believed in myself. My parents taught me to be 1 and that I could be the best at anything. I remember challenging

30、my neighborhood boys to see who could jump the highest and run the fastest. Of course I knew when I made the challenge that I would win. I never even 2 losing.I started my boxing(拳击) 3 when I was 12. In high school I boasted(自夸) 4 , if not daily, that one day I was 5 to be the champion of the world.

31、 As part of my training, I would run down the street. I would rush in and out of shops to tell them I was training for the Olympics and that I was going to 6 a gold medal. I never thought of failing. I only thought of the glory(荣誉) I was going to 7 when I won. When I said I was going to be the “Grea

32、test of All Time”, I 8 myself. And I still do.But I didnt know that my will would be tested when I retired(退休). In 1984, I had Parkinsons disease. But my confidence and will to continue to live will 9 be defeated(打败).In 1996, I was asked to 10 the cauldron(圣火) at the Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta.

33、 Of course my answer was yes. I never thought that the disease would be a problem.1.A.braveB.confidentC.honestD.polite2.A.gave upB.went onC.thought ofD.heard of3.A.diaryB.matchC.trainingD.watching4.A.yearlyB.loudlyC.proudlyD.weekly5.A.willingB.sureC.hopefulD.active6.A.winB.loseC.findD.buy7.A.needB.g

34、etC.decideD.make8.A.believed inB.cared aboutC.turned toD.went through9.A.foreverB.neverC.nearlyD.almost10.A.takeB.carryC.watchD.touch【答案】1-5 BCCDB 6-10 ABABB【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，拳王阿里以第一人称讲述了自己如何走上拳击职业道路，以及患帕金森症后依然热爱生活的信心和意志。【解析】1.句意：我的父母教会我要自信。brave勇敢的；confident自信的；honest诚实的；polite礼貌的。根据下文“I could be the

35、best at anything”可知，父母教导阿里要自信，相信自己能把任何事都做好。故选B。2.句意：我从没想过会输。gave up放弃；went on继续；thought of考虑；heard of听说。根据上文“Of course I knew when I made the challenge that I would win”可知，阿里认为自己在挑战他人的时候会赢，所以他从没想过会输。故选C。3.句意：我12岁时就开始练拳击了。diary日记；match比赛；training训练；watching观看。根据下文“As part of my training ”可知，此处指的是阿里12

36、岁时就开始练拳击了。故选C。4.句意：高中时我每周都会吹嘘自己。yearly每年；loudly大声地；proudly骄傲地；weekly每周。根据下文“if not daily”可知，阿里不是每天，就是每周吹嘘自己。故选D。5.句意：有一天我一定会成为世界冠军。willing乐意的；sure确定的；hopeful有希望的；active活跃的。根据上文“In high school I boasted weekly, if not daily”可知，阿里经常吹嘘自己，所以他认为他一定会成为世界冠军。故选B。6.句意：我要赢得一枚金牌。win赢；lose输；find发现；buy买。根据上文“I w

37、as training for the Olympics”可知，阿里以奥运为目标训练，他的目标是为了赢得一枚奥运金牌。故选A。7.句意：我只想着以后我会得到的荣誉。need需要；get得到；decide决定；make使。结合前后文“the glory when I won”可知，阿里只想着以后他会得到的荣誉。故选B。8.句意：我相信我自己。believed in相信；cared about关心；turned to向求助；went through经历。根据上文“When I said I was going to be the “Greatest of All Time”可知，阿里说自己将成为“

38、史上最伟大的人”时，那时候他是很相信他自己的。故选A。9.句意：但我继续活下去的信心和意志永远不会被打败。forever永远；never决不；nearly几乎；almost差不多。根据上文“I had Parkinsons disease. But my confidence and will to continue to live ”可知，阿里虽然得了帕金森症，但他的信心和意志决不会被打败。故选B。10.句意：我被邀请在亚特兰大夏季奥运会上举起圣火。take取走；carry举、提；watch观看；touch触摸。根据下文“the cauldron at the Summer Olympic

39、Games in Atlanta”及结合常识可知，阿里在亚特兰大夏季奥运会上举起了圣火。故选B。题组C 培优拔尖练一阅读理解。AIf you are visiting England, you will notice that English have many customs and traditions that are different from those in China.This guide provides help for anyone visiting England for the first time.Standing in the queueEnglish peopl

40、e like to form queue.They think it is the fair way to behave.People wait in a queue in shops and at bus stops.People will think you are very rude if you dont join the queue.Please, Thank You, Excuse Me and SorryIt is good manners to say “please” and “thank you”.If someone is in your way and you woul

41、d like them to move, say “excuse me” and they will move.If you bump into someone or you are in their way say “sorry”.They will probably say “sorry”, too, even if it was your mistake.Saying “sorry” does not always mean you think you were wrong.Someone it is just a polite thing to say.Meeting a new pe

42、rsonWhen people meet for the first time, the usual custom is to shake hands.The next time you meet that person, you can just say hello.English people dont usually hug or kiss unless they know each other really well.Talking to peopleEnglish people find it difficult to start conversations with strange

43、rs.They like to be private so if they are on buses or trains, they usually sit as far away from other people as possible.If you want to start a conversation, the topic that English people are always happy to talk about is the weather.So you need to be able to say “Isnt it warm (sunny/windy/wet/foggy

44、) today?” or “Do you think its going to rain/clear up?” This is much better than asking about politics, religion or how much people earn!1.Whats the main idea of the article?A.Differences between England and China.B.The guide help.C.The manners and traditions in England.D.How to visit England for th

45、e first time.2.English people will think you are rude if you _.A.dont the know customsB.say “thank you”C.talk to a new personD.dont join the queue3.What will you do if you meet people for the first time?A.To shake hands with them.B.To kiss them.C.To say hello to them.D.To hug them.4.What will you sa

46、y if you are in someones way?A.Thank you.B.Please.C.Excuse Me.D.Sorry.5.How can people start conversations with strangers?A.They can talk about politics and religion.B.They can talk about the weather.C.They can talk about “Please, Thank You, Excuse Me and Sorry”D.They can talk about everything.【答案】C

47、DADB【文章大意】文章主要介绍了英国在习俗和传统方面与中国有许多不同之处。这对于第一次到英国旅游的外国人来说是非常有帮助的。【解析】1. C 主旨大意题。依据短文开头的句子可知，本文主要介绍了英国的习俗和传统。故答案为C。2. D细节理解题。依据短文中的句子“People will think you are very rude if you dont join the queue.”可知，英国人认为不按次序排队是一种粗鲁的行为。故答案为D。3. A 细节理解题。依据短文中的句子“When people meet for the first time, the usual custom is

48、 to shake hands”可知，在英国，当人们第一次见面时，他们通常是握手。故答案为A。4. D细节理解题。依据短文中的句子“If you bump into someone or you are in their way say “sorry”可知，如果你挡了某人的道，应该说对不起。故答案为D。5. B 细节理解题。依据短文中的句子“If you want to start a conversation, the topic that English people are always happy to talk about is the weather.”可知，陌生人之间交流喜欢首先

49、谈论的话题是天气。读答案为B。BIs your TV connected to the Internet? What about your chair or your fridge? It is possible that they are not. But in the future, most things in your home may be connected, as the so-called Internet of things is developing.The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It

50、 is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung CEO(首席执行官) BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether its a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).So, how d

51、o household(家用) objects that are part of Internet of things work? Well, think of a usual chair. When connected to the Internet, the chair warms up when it knows that the user has just walked into the room and is feeling cold.An Internet-connected camera, like a smart-home camera, could help people f

52、eel safer in their homes. It can recognize(识别) peoples faces, and even can see when someone passes by in the dark. Then it can send you a message on your smartphone to let you know whos there. If the person is someone you dont know, it can tell you that, too.But according to MIT Technology Review, w

53、hether companies are connecting dog food bowls or security(安全) systems to the Internet, there may be problems. For example, many early connected-home devices(装置) dont have much built-in security, which means they could be hacked(被黑客攻击). In addition, it could be difficult to get these devices to work

54、 together because they are made by different companies. To fight this, many companies have joined the Open Interconnect Consortium, which had 45 members by late 2014.So, picture this: you walk in through the front door of your home. The temperature changes to make you feel comfortable after a long d

55、ay at school. Your favorite music starts playing for you. Do you think that this would be a good thing? It may happen sooner than you think.6.The Samsung CEOs speech is mentioned to prove that_.A.the Internet of things will appear in our daily life soonerB.Samsung has produced the Internet of things

56、 recentlyC.Samsung products have been part of the Internet of thingsD.he spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things7.We can infer(推断)from paragraphs 3 and 4 that _.A.the chair can know whether the user feels cold or notB.a usual chair can warm up when it knows the user comes inC.an Int

57、ernet-connected camera can be used to take photos in the houseD.an Internet-connected camera can be connected to the users smartphone8.According to the passage, it is mentioned that_the temperature inside is neither too high nor too lowyour fridge provides the drinks for youthe chair warms up if you

58、 feel coldyour favourite music starts playingyour washing machine starts workingA.B.C.D.9.Whats the problem about the Internet of things?A.Companies which produce connected-home devices havent joined together.B.Connected-home devices may not work together and can easily get hacked.C.Companies have d

59、ifficulty connecting security system to the Internet.D.These new devices are produced by different companies.10.What is the main idea of the passage?A.How to product the Internet of things.B.The introduction to use the Internet of things.C.The way of connecting the Internet of things.D.The Internet

60、of things is coming in the future.【答案】ADCBD【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文文。主要讲述以后的家用设施将会更多地与网络相连，更加智能化。【解析】6.A细节理解题。第二段引用三星CEO的这段话主要目的是为了证明第二段的第一句话“The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think.” （物联网可能比你想象的要快）。所以选 A。7.D细节理解题。根据第四段中It can recognize(识别) peoples faces, and even can see when someone pas

61、ses by in the dark. Then it can send you a message on your smartphone to let you know whos there.可知它可以识别人们的脸，甚至可以在黑暗中看到有人通过。然后它可以给你发送一个消息到你的智能手机，让你知道谁在那里。所以该选D。8.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“The temperature changes to make you feel comfortable after a long day at school. Your favorite music starts playing for you.

62、”可知和是对的，排除A和B。根据“the chair warms up when it knows that the user has just walked into the room and is feeling cold.”可知是对的，所以选C。9.B细节理解题。倒数第二段关于问题列举了两个例子“For example, many early connected-home devices(装置) dont have much built-in security, which means they could be hacked(被黑客攻击). In addition, it could be difficult to get these devices to work together because they are made by different comp anies.”一个是容易被黑客攻击，还有一个就是有可能不兼容，只有B两点都提及到了。所以选B。10.D主旨大意题。根据本文主要讲述以后的家用设施将会更多地与网络相连，更加智能化可知该选D。