2021届高考英语二轮复习 冠词语法详解素材.docx

1、冠词一、 定冠词the1. 特指。(说话双方都知道的人或事物。上文提到的人或事物。有修饰限定的词。)I ate a sandwich while I was waiting for the 20:08 train.I like the color of your skirt. Its a good match for your blouse.I have learned that its taking a long time to become the person I want to be.2. 与名词相关的特殊用法1） 世界上独一无二的事物the universe ; the sun ;

2、the moon2） 发明物Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.3） 乐器（中国民族乐器除外）play the violin 4） 身体部位（固定搭配）hit/strike sb on the headhit/strike sb in the faceseize/take sb by the armbe red in the face / be lame in the right leg / be blind in the left eye5） 方位名词The North is colder than the South.T

3、o the northeast of Nanjing lies Yangzhou.6） 计量单位by the hour / day / dozen / pond / yardAs a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour.特例：by weight / size/ timeMeat is sold by weight.7） 普通名词用作专有名词a) 江河湖海洋、运河、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠the English Channel / the Hawaiian Islands / the Red Seathe Saha

4、ra Desert / the West Lake / the Persian Gulfthe Tian-shan Mountainsb) 国家党派、组织机构、建筑、报刊、朝代the Capital Airport / the Times / the Song Dynastythe World Trade Center / the Spring and Autumn Period8） 集体名词前表示阶层或整体the working class / the police / the public / the Britishserve the people heart and soul 3. 与形

5、容词相关的特殊用法1) the + adj. 表示一类人 Dont envy him. Soon he will be among the unemployed.2) the more, the more3) the +序数词 & 最高级4) the + 比较级，表示二者之最，特定的一个。He is the taller of the twins.4. the +姓氏复数，表示一家人。 The Smiths5. in the 1990s6. 用在very / only / right / following / same 之前 和just 之后He said he was the only p

6、erson in his office who was invited to the ball.7. 固定搭配all over the worldat the beginning / end ofat the same timein the form/shape ofon the phonein the wayon the contraryfor the time beingto the pointin the distancethe other daymake the best / most ofon the spotnot in the leastat the moment二、 不定冠词

7、a / ana 和an 的区别_ university /_ useful tool /_one-eyed dog / _European car _ hour / an honest boy / _ X-ray / _ ugly man / _ honor1、 1) =one 指第一次提到的人或物，表示说话人认为没必要或不需要具体说明是哪一个。I will return in a day or two.A square has four sides.2) =per 表示“每一”，用在一些表示时间、长度、重量等单位的名词前。He earned 50 dollars an hour as a t

8、ranslator.3) = the same 用在介词of后面的名词前表示同一性。The students standing there are of an age. (=of the same age)4) = some / a certain 与人名等专有名词连用，表示“一个叫的人”、“某一个”，表示不定指的情况或类似的一个。I cant tell you the way to the Wilsons because we dont have a Wilson here in the village.2、 a / an +描述性形容词+独一无二的物质名词或某些抽象名词或日期、月份、季节、

9、三餐a full moon / a peaceful world / a new Liaoning / a heavy raina hot summer / a big dinner / a cold March3、 抽象名词具体化a preference / a surprise / a failure4、 a / an+序数词，表示“又一，再一”。He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.5、 a/ an +比较级，表示“再，更.”; This shirt is to

10、o large for me. Would you show me a smaller one?6、 most 前用不定冠词时，most 相当于very的意思It is a most difficult job.7、 表示整体。a needle and threada table and chaira knife and forka writer and translator 8、 同源宾语 live a luxurious life dream a terrible dream die a heroic death9、 固定搭配a great deal ofa number ofall of

11、 a suddenfor a whileas a matter of factat a distanceat a speed ofgo for a walkdo a good deedhave a breakhave a fever / temperature / coldhave a look in a wordhave a word withmake a livingonce in a whilego on a dietat a losshave a gift forhave a population ofget a lift / ridea pile / flood / mass / s

12、eries ofa waste of time a matter of life and death三、 零冠词1、 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指。My father went to his doctor for advice about his diabetes.He like to read autobiographical novels.2、 名词前已经有限定词修饰，如this / her / any / whose等。She is not my type of woman.He went to some place in France.Each student must hand in

13、his exercise book.3、 一些名词前用法口诀月、季、星期、节假、洲，称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、颜色语，学科、棋类by方式。注：1) 在称呼语前及表示人的职位头衔身份的名词在句中做表语，补足语，及同位语时不用冠词。He is dean of the department.2) Ive marked the corrections in red. 3) 表示语言时，区分languagein English / Germanthe English language4) 介词by后面表示运输、通讯等方式的词时不用冠词。by car / by air / by telegram /

14、 by law / by hand试比较：in the car / according to the law / with ones hand4、 不含有普通名词的专有名词，如人名、地名、国家名、车站、公园、机场、街道等。Lincoln Street / Tsinghua University / Birmingham Airport / Hyde Park 5、 句式1) Word came that.2) turn 作系动词，表示变成。 Has he turned scientist? (=become a scientist)3) sort of / kind of / type of4

15、) 成对名词 day after day / day and night / from time to time little by little / shoulder to shoulder / hand in hand 5) 独立主格 The teacher came in, book in hand. The teacher came in, a book in his hand. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand. 6) as 表示虽然引起的倒装句 Child as he is, he can speak Japanese, Fr

16、ench and German. Young girl as she is, she knows a lot about how to behave well. 7) be of + n. This sort of wine is of high quality and sells well all over the world. Youll find this map of great value in helping you to get around London. Its of great significance to learn English well.6、 固定搭配come i

17、nto use / being put. into practicehave mercy onmake progressmake use ofpay attention tosentence sb. to deathtake care oftake pride intake medicine四、 冠词不同意义不同的情况1、 有冠词表本意，无冠词表引申意go to the school / go to schoolat the table / at tablego to the church / go to churchgo to the prison / go to prisonin the

18、bed / in bedin the class/ in classin the office / in officein the open / in openleave the school / leave schoolby the sea / by sea2、 有冠词表被动，无冠词表主动in the charge of / in charge ofin the possession of / in possession oftake the advice / take advice3、 意义完全不同out of the question / out of questionin the ca

19、se of / in case ofon the earth / on earthin the front of / in front ofin sight of / in the sight oftake place / take the place of 4、 其他the number of / a number ofhave a word with / have words witha singer and dancer / a singer and a dancera second time / the second timea most beautiful city / the most beautiful cityin the way / in a way