2022年中考英语阅读 词汇提升 句型分析系列20.docx

1、101Canyouimagineapairofshoesthatcouldtiethemselves?Allyouwouldhavetodoisputthemonandpushabutton.Well,thisideaisbecomingareality.TheshoecompanyNikecreatedtheself-tyingshoe!ThisideafirstcamefromthemovieBacktotheFutureII,andNikehasbeenworkingforyearstocreateashoethatcandothisinreallife.Theyhavefinallyd

2、oneitwiththeNikeHyperAdapt1.0.Sohowdotheseshoeswork?AccordingtoNike,eachshoeis“poweredbyanunderfoot-lacingmechanism(脚下系带装置)”.Thisiskindoflikeasmallmotorthathasthepowertolacethe shoes.Allthewearershavetodoistoputthemon,andatfirst,theshoes areveryloose.Butthenyoucanpushthe“+“button,andtheshoeswill tig

3、htentogivetheweareraperfectfit.Totakethemoff,allyouhaveto doistopushthe“”button,andtheshoeswilleasilyoff.Theyhaventbeen released to the public yet, and the cost is stillunknown.Butyoumightbeabletogetapairofyourownclosertotheholidayseasonthisyear.词语突破：buttonbtn n. 按钮；纽扣vt. 扣住；扣紧；在上装纽扣vi. 扣住；扣上纽扣reali

4、tyrlt n. 现实；实际；真实motormt n. 发动机，马达；汽车adj. 汽车的；机动的vi. 乘汽车vt. 以汽车载运laceles n. 花边；鞋带；饰带；少量烈酒vt. 饰以花边；结带子vi. 系带子publicpblk adj. 公众的；政府的；公用的；公立的n. 公众；社会；公共场所难句释义：Theyhaventbeen released to the public yet, and the cost is stillunknown.语法突破: haventbeen released构成现在完成时的被动语态。翻译：他们还没有向公众发布，而且成本仍然是未知的。102Are y

5、ou happy most of the time? Or do you easily get angry sometimes? Everyone has a different temperament(脾气)。It is usually believed that both genes（基因） and environment may influence peoples temperament in different ways. Scientists have found that the season of the birth also plays a role.Scientists fr

6、om Budapest, Hungary, Studied 400 university students. In the study, the students needed to finish some questions to know which of four kinds of temperament they most had. From the questions, Scientists found that the students always answered something like “my mood often changes for no reason” and

7、“I love to deal with new projects, even if it is risky” these answers were then connected with their birthdays.They discovered that people born in summer easily change between sad and happy moods compared to people born in winter. Those who always feel positive are mostly born in spring and summer.

8、The study also found that those born in fall less probably had a mood of depression which may easily drive them to cry, while those in winter were not easier to be angry. Scientists said that this was probably because the seasons had an influence on certain chemicals in the human body. And the chemi

9、cals are important to control peoples moods even in adult life. “It seems that when you are born may increase or decrease your change of developing certain mood disorders.” scientist Xenia Gonda told the Telegraph.词语突破influence nfluns n. 影响; 势力; 有影响的人（或事物）; vt. 影响;对起作用;deal with惠顾; 与交易; 应付; 对待connec

10、ted knekt vt. 连接，联结; 使有联系; 为接通电话; vi. 连接; 建立关系compare kmpe(r) vt.& vi. 比较，对照;have an influence on对有影响难句释疑： (1) It is usually believed that both genes（基因） and environment may influence peoples temperament in different ways.语法突破：It is usually believed that It is 及物动词的过去分词that从句, 此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said

11、, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。翻译：人们通常认为，基因和环境都会以不同的方式影响人们的气质。(2) In the study,the students needed to finish some questions to know which of four kinds of temperament they most had.语法突破：which of four kinds of temperament they most had此句为which引导的宾语从句。翻译：在研究中，学生需要完成一

12、些问题，才能知道他们最有四种气质中的哪种。(3) I love to deal with new projects, even if it is risky.语法突破：even if it is risky. even if 即使, 纵然，引导让步状语从句(=even though)。翻译：我喜欢处理新的项目，即使这是有风险的。(4) Those who always feel positive are mostly born in spring and summer.语法突破：who always feel positive此句是who引导的定语从句，先行词是those，在从句中做主语。翻译

13、：那些总是感到积极的人大多出生在春天和夏天。(5) The study also found that those born in fall less probably had a mood of depression which may easily drive them to cry, while those in winter were not easier to be angry.语法突破：while those in winter were not easier to be angry.While作并列连词用，意思为“而，然而”，表对比。翻译：研究还发现，那些出生在秋天的人可能较少有

14、抑郁的情绪，这使他们很容易哭，而那些在冬天出生的人则不容易生气。(6) It seems that when you are born may increase or decrease your change of developing certain mood disorders.语法突破：It seems that it (形式主语)seems （谓语）that （真正主语） that是引导词。翻译：似乎当你出生的时候，你的某种情绪障碍发展变化可能会增加或减少。103 Do you believe that only boys do well in science? Does it see

15、m to you that girls have better language skills than boys? In your opinion, are boys better at building things? If your answer to each of those questions is Yes, you are right, according to an article in Current Science. There are exceptions(例外),but here are the facts. Usually, boys score higher on

16、tests about math, while girls do better in tests about words, spelling and memory. But these differences may not always be true. In the future. a persons abilities may not be decided by sex. As one scientist says, Nothing is impossible for a person to be or do. A recent study by Jerome Kagan, a scie

17、ntist at Harward University is studying the watching ability of children 10 months old. Baby boys and baby girls are watching a show while seated on their mothers laps. In Act I of the show, an orange-colored ball is lifted from a blue box and moved slowly. Then it is returned to the box. This is re

18、peated six times. Act II is almost the same, except that the orange ball is smaller. Baby boys do not seem to notice the difference in the size of the ball, but girls immediately become excited and begin to make noises that sound like language. Its also known that baby girls usually talk at an earli

19、er age than baby boys do. Scientists believe that the left side of the brain develops faster in girls than in boys. As a result, by the time they start to school, little girls have an advantage that boys dont have, but what have the boys been doing in the year before starting school? They have been

20、developing something called aggression. An aggressive person feels strong and independent. He is often the first one to start a fight. It is said that aggression is caused by hormones(荷尔蒙). Scientists believe that hormones are not the only cause. They say aggression in boys is also caused by mothers

21、.词语突破differences dfrns n. 差别，差异; 差额; vt. 辨别，区分;ability blti n. 能力，资格; 能耐，才能;orange-colored rndklrd adj. 橙色的，桔色的;except ksept vt. 把除外; 不计; prep. 除外; conj. 除非; 除以外;immediately mi:ditli adv. 立即，马上; 直接地; conj. 一就，即刻;As a result结果， 因此;independent ndpendnt adj. 自主的 cause k:z n. 原因; 动机; 理由; vt. 成为的原因; 导致;

22、难句释疑：(1) Does it seem to you that girls have better language skills than boys?语法突破：it seem to you thatit为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。翻译：在你看来，女孩比男孩有更好的语言技能吗？(2) girls immediately become excited and begin to make noises that sound like language.语法突破：that sound like language.此句为that引导的定语从句，先行词为noise。翻译：女孩们立刻变

23、得兴奋起来，开始发出听起来像语言的声音。(3) Its also known that baby girls usually talk at an earlier age than baby boys do.语法突破：Its also known thatIt is 及物动词的过去分词that从句,此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。翻译：众所周知，女娃通常比男娃说话要早一些。104（1）Since May 12, a computer virus nam

24、ed WannaCry has infected（感染）more than 300,000 computers in over 150 countries, according to Reuters. WannaCry is spread by using a weakness in Microsofts Windows operating system. Once the virus gets into the computer, it locks all the papers and asks the user for money to unlock them. At first, it

25、asks for $300, but if the user doesnt send the money in 72 hours, the price doubled, Papers are locked forever if the user doesnt pay in seven days.The virus has brought bad results. For example, in the UK, the virus left the countrys National Health Service in a mess. Some hospitals had to cancel p

26、atient appointments（预约）, reported The Telegraph. In China, the virus has hit thousands of computers, according to Qihoo 360. One of the most hard-hit groups in Qiu were university users. Many students graduation papers were locked. They felt nervous and frightened. Also many gas stations were seriou

27、sly hit, and the payment system didnt work.WanaCry is the latest example of the cyber security（网络安全）problem. Matthew Hickey(who set up the security company Hacker House) said, “The attack is not surprising. It shows that many organizations do not use updates（更新）fast enough.” （2）According to a survey

28、, nearly half of the people said, “ We are not satisfied with the way software updates work.” （3）As China Daily wrote, “We cant completely protect our computers against these kinds of viruses, as this cat and mouse game will continue forever. The best choice for most users is to take care online and

29、 always install（安装）software updates.”词语突破：weaknesswikns n. 弱点；软弱hard-hit严重打击；大力击球；坠入情网；（美口）经济上的破产frightenedfratnd adj. 害怕的；受惊的；受恐吓的 v. 害怕；使吃惊；吓走（frighten的过去分词）organizationnazen n. 组织；机构；体制；团体难句释疑：（1） Since May 12, a computer virus named WannaCry has infected（感染）more than 300,000 computers in over 15

30、0 countries, according to Reuters.语法突破：简单句，其中named WannaCry是过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词a computer virus。翻译：根据路透社报道，自从5月12号，一个名叫WannaCry的计算机病毒在超过150个国家中感染了超过300,000台电脑（2）According to a survey, nearly half of the people said, “ We are not satisfied with the way software updates work.”语法突破：本句是一个定语从句，先行词the way，并且在从

31、句中缺少in.way这样的方式状语，关系词选用以下三种其中任意一种：in which， that 或省略不用关系词。翻译：根据一项调查显示，近一半的人说，“我们不满意软件更新的工作方式。”（3）As China Daily wrote, “We cant completely protect our computers against these kinds of viruses, as this cat and mouse game will continue forever. 语法突破：本句是as引导的非限制性定语从句，在从句中又包含一个以as引导的原因状语从句。翻译：正如中国日报写道，“

32、我们不能完全保护电脑免受这类病毒，因为这种猫捉老鼠的游戏将永远继续下去。 105Nowadays more and more people prefer to go fishing or hiking in the woods. Experiencing nature is exciting, but when youre doing this, always keep yourself safe. Its important to remember several basic rules if you dont want to turn a pleasant outing into a di

33、saster. First, be fully prepared for different weather. Before you set out, always get warm clothes and raincoats ready, just in case! This is especially true in the situation of travelling in the mountain areas. The weather is really changeable in high mountains. Sometimes you can experience two or

34、 three seasons in one day.Second, pack a map, a compass, and a flashlight in your bag. Even experienced travelers get lost. Before you start your trip, study the map to get familiar with the area you are going to. The flashlight is important if you do get lost. Many trips that start out in daylight

35、will probably become nighttime adventures when people cant find their way. Third, bring a first-aid kit and know how to use it. Small cuts can be more serious when there is no doctor nearby . Finally, tell people where you are going and when you plan to come back. That way, someone will go search fo

36、r you if troubles appear. This will increase your chance of being found quickly.词语突破: nowadaysnadez adv.现今；现在 outing at n.远足,郊游 changeabletendbl adj.易变的；可改变的 compass kmps n. 指南针; 圆规难句释疑: Its important to remember several basic rules if you dont want to turn a pleasant outing into a disaster. 语法突破：if

37、 you dont want to turn a pleasant outing into a disaster. 是 If 引导的条件状语从句。 Its important to remember several basic rules中It 是形式主语，不定to remember several basic rules是真正的主语。翻译：如果你不想把一场愉快的郊游变成灾难，记住几个基本的规则是重要的。 Many trips that start out in daylight will probably become nighttime adventures when people cant find their way.语法突破：when people cant find their way. 是when引导的一个时间状语从句。 that start out in daylight是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词many trips ,在后面从 句中作主语。翻译：当人们找不到路时，很多白天开始的旅行将会变成晚间的冒险。