普通高中教科书 英语 必修 第一册 河北教育出版社（冀教版2019）.pdf

1、普通高中教科书必修第一册英 语英语必修第一册普通高中教科书定价：9.95 元普通高中教科书必修英 语第一册中 国 河 北 教 育 出 版 社加拿大 DC加拿大国际交流中心 合作编写亲爱的同学们：欢迎使用冀教版高中英语教科书。这套教材由国内外富有英语教育经验的学者、科研人员及一线教师根据 2017 版普通高中英语课程标准编写。本套教材必修阶段共 3 册，满足高中毕业基本要求；选择性必修阶段有 4 册，满足高考升学要求；提高类阶段有 3 册，满足有意继续提高英语能力的发展需求。让我们了解一下教材的结构。每册教材有 5 个单元，每个单元包括 4 个板块。第 1 板块（Reading for Mean

2、ing）为同学们提供了地道、优美的语篇，文章体裁丰富多样、内容有趣且富有时代特色；第 2 板块（Learning through Practice）提供了有意义的语言探究和语言实践活动，同学们通过完成任务可以体验语言并归纳知识，提高语言运用能力；第 3 板块（Using English in Context）设计有专题调查、访问纪实、讨论汇总、活动设计等多种形式的项目活动，帮助同学们发展听、说、读、看、写等语言技能，为真实语言交际打下基础。第 4 板块（Expanding Our Horizons）为同学们提供了更多与单元主题相关的经典、有趣的文章。另外，教材中的评价部分（Evaluate y

3、ourself）可以帮助同学们积极反思学习过程，及时调整学习策略，提高学习效率；单元反思（Unit Reflection）帮助同学们对整个单元进行回顾；链接部分（More Connection）便于同学们拓展相关主题知识。本套教材内容涉及人文、社会、自然、科学等多个领域，注重中外文化的介绍与比较。通过学习本套教材，同学们会在提高语言能力的同时，增强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的认识，成长为新时代有文明素养和社会责任感的人。同学们，中学时代是人生美好的一段时光，相信在使用这套教材的过程中，你们通过自己不懈的努力和老师的正确引导，能够顺利完成教科书中的学习任务，为终身学习打下良好基础。愿同

4、学们在英语学海中徜徉，感受英语学习带给你们的新奇、充实与快乐。出版者的话Contents1UNIT2UNITBEING A TEENAGERFRIENDSHIPSECTION 1 READING FOR MEANING First Day of High School 2SECTION 2 LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICETask One Designing an“About Me Card”6Task Two Describing Your Expectations of High School8 (Grammar:noun,adjective,phrase,clause,

5、sentence)SECTION 3 USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXT Project Making a Speech on How Teenagers Face Their Challenges10SECTION 4 EXPANDING OUR HORIZONSIf the Dream Is Big Enough14Cultural Differences of Teenagers15How to Get along Well with Your Parents17SECTION 1 READING FOR MEANING Ive Got New Friends!20SECT

6、ION 2 LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICETask One Telling Stories of Friendship24Task Two Writing an Email to a Junior High School Friend26 (Grammar:the past future tense)SECTION 3 USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXT Project Exploring What Friendship Means28SECTION 4 EXPANDING OUR HORIZONSThree Types of Friendship32Frie

7、ndship in Different Cultures33The Power of Friendship343UNIT4UNITDANCING WITH WORDSCULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYSECTION 1 READING FOR MEANING Snowstorms and Sundogs38SECTION 2 LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICETask One Describing the Cold Winter42Task Two Expressing Opinions on Saving Dialects44 (Grammar:th

8、e present continuous passive voice)SECTION 3 USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXT Project Exploring Loanwords in Chinese and English46SECTION 4 EXPANDING OUR HORIZONS“Rooting”for Words50Language Learning beyond Words52SECTION 1 READING FOR MEANING What Does Cultural Diversity Mean to You?56SECTION 2 LEARNING TH

9、ROUGH PRACTICETask One Introducing a Minority in China60Task Two Relating Chinese Calligraphy to Your Chinese Handwriting62 (Grammar:the present perfect passive voice)SECTION 3 USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXT Project Making a Poster for the Comparison between Chinese and Western Festivals64SECTION 4 EXPAND

10、ING OUR HORIZONSCultural Diversity68Attitude towards Cultural Diversity69Whats Wrong?715UNITNATURAL DISASTERSAPPENDICESSECTION 1 READING FOR MEANING Earthquakes74SECTION 2 LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICETask One Designing a Bug-out Bag78Task Two Listing Some Tips for Pre-disaster Preparedness80 (Grammar:a

11、ttributive clauses)SECTION 3 USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXTProject Creating a Brochure of Survival Tips82SECTION 4 EXPANDING OUR HORIZONSZhang Heng and the Seismograph86Typhoon Season in Japan87Cultural Influences on Disaster Management 88WRAP IT UP!93PRONUNCIATION103VOCABULARY(I)105VOCABULARY(II)111LIST

12、OF PROPER NAMES118GRAMMAR120IRREGULAR VERBS123 1UNITBEING A TEENAGERGood to begin well,better to end well.English proverbStudy invites study,idleness produces idleness.Roman proverbThe important thing is not to stop questioning.Albert Einstein,German-born physicist1First Day of High SchoolBEFORE YOU

13、 READ1 How did you feel on your first day of high school?2 What do you expect of your high school life?3 What do you expect to read when you see the title“First Day of High School”?September 2 Monday SunnyToday was my first day of high school.It was the most exciting day of my life.When I walked int

14、o the school,I became nervous and anxious.It was so big that I was afraid I might get lost.I didnt know anyone,and I felt lonely.I know that teenagers should wear the right clothes to be popular.But Im not sure which are the right clothes and which are the wrong clothes.I saw a girl in the hall who

15、looked very cool,and she was talking to a group of kids.She was wearing the same jeans as I was,which made me feel good about my clothes.I felt more confident.I looked at my timetable to see what my first class was.READING FOR MEANING1In a school,a timetable is a chartthat shows the times in a week

16、atwhich particular subjects are taught.QUICK CHECK!2 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERMy first class was math.I really like math.I went into the classroom and sat down at a desk in the second row right near the door.The girl named Pat,who was sitting behind me,left a deep impression on me.She was very friendl

17、y.She was also very forgetful.She forgot her pen,so she borrowed mine.She forgot her paper,so I gave her a sheet of paper.The one thing she didnt forget was my name.We felt like friends already!I left math class and began looking for the science classroom,Room 211.I looked and looked,but I couldnt f

18、ind the stairs.I was worried that I would be late for class.It would be terrible to be late for my first science class.I hurried down the hall and finally saw the stairs.I ran quickly up the stairs.Suddenly,I tripped and my binder fell from my hands and all of my papers went flying.I was so embarras

19、sed.Just then,Pat came up the stairs with two of her friends.She saw me and said,“Hi Jenny.”They helped me pick up all of my papers.“Thank you!”I said.“No problem,”they answered.I was so impressed.They were so kind to me.I didnt have to feel awkward anymore.Repetition is a strong way to expressfeeli

20、ngs.How many“forget”s does thewriter use in the third paragraph?POEM Who Am I?I am an angelI am a dreamI am loveI am a need.I am intelligenceI am strengthI am hopeI am a wishI am a wonder I am a myth.I am a mountainI am the seaI am beautiful I am me.DO YOU KNOW?If you trip when you are walking,youkn

21、ock your foot against something,and fall or nearly fall.QUICK CHECK!3AFTER YOU READReading Comprehension1 Who is Pat?How did Jenny meet Pat?2 What happened when Jenny went to the science classroom?3 What does Jenny mean when she writes“I was so impressed”in the last paragraph on Page 3?4 How did Jen

22、ny feel on her first day of high school?5 What does a teenager have to think about according to Jennys diary?6 Jenny writes,“it can be hard to be a teenager.”What do you think of“being a teenager”?Post-reading Activities1 Discuss with your classmates the major differences between life in senior high

23、 school and life injunior high school.How do you think you will adapt to these changes?2 Does Jennys first day of high school remind you of something you have read before?Something inyour life?Something you have seen in movies or TV series?What is it?Work in groups and sharewhatever this text has br

24、ought to you.3 How can you make your high school life fruitful and fun?Share your ideas with your group members.UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERYou know,it can be hard to be a teenager.When I was a child,life was easier.I just played and had fun with my friends.I didnt have to worry about anything.But now I

25、am a teenager,and I have more things to think about.I must study hard and get good marks.I must get used to my new school,new teachers,and new classmates.I want to make new friends.I want to figure out what I want to do when I become an adult.Its a hard decision to make.I have such a broad range of

26、interests,maybe I will be a professional engineer or a chief information officer,but I will try to make the best decision.Its time for bed now,and I feel happy.I like my school.I know where the stairs are now,and I made a new friend named Pat.I wonder what tomorrow will bring.Jenny4feelingsplacesexc

27、itedplaygroundsubjectshighschool UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGER SONGVerse 1Life is a lot of decisionsLife is a lot of choices.Accepting other peoples visionsListening to your inner voices.ChorusI will be a person who makes a planI will be a person who understands.Its better to swim than to sinkBeing a teen

28、ager is a time to think.Verse 2Nothing goes like you planA boy is a long way from a man.A teenaged girl has plans to makeFor her future and her sake.Repeat ChorusA Time to Think4 Develop the mind map on the topic of“high school”.5LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICE2Task One Designing an“About Me Card”You are

29、going to make a card about yourself.This card will help you and your classmates learn more about each other.Step 1 Pre-task ResourcesUse the sample below as a guide to help you design your own“About Me Card”.Step 2 Task CycleAdd more items that interest you besides the ones above.Complete your card

30、with some nouns and adjectives.Decorate your card to make it beautiful.Use your“About Me Card”to introduce yourself to your group.Put your card up on the wall after class.Name:Sara Age:16 Sex:femaleHometown:London,U.K.Personality:quiet,kind-heartedJunior High school:Harrow SchoolFriends:Cindy,Wendy,

31、ChuckHobbies:playing Rubiks cube,playing tennisFavourite subjects:science,math,PE High school:Downe House SchoolTypes of friends:outgoing,sharing the same interests with me Clubs/Activities:tennis club,chess clubDreams:to be a professional tennis player,a scientist6Name:_ Age:_ Sex:_Hometown:_ Perso

32、nality:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_ UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERStep 3 Language FocusWe can put English words into basic types called“parts of speech”or“word classes”.Its quite important to recognize parts of speech.This helps to analyze sentences and understand them.It also helps to construct correct sentences.Nou

33、ns and adjectives are two important parts of speech.They usually name or describe a person or thing.They tell us who/what somebody/something is or is like.In Saras“About Me Card”,she uses London,U.K.to tell her hometown and quiet,kind-hearted to show her personality.Here are some examples from the t

34、ext in Section 1.Look and learn.Search your“About Me Card”and write down more words of the same type.Nounstimetable teenager classroomAdjectiveslonely nervous confident7 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERTask Two Describing Your Expectations of High SchoolIn this task,you and your classmates will discuss your

35、expectations of high school life and then present your thoughts to the class.Step 1 Pre-task ResourcesHere are two passages written by high school students.They describe their expectations and dreams as well as their challenges and problems in high school.Passage 1Going to a new school can be a new

36、start for kids.Some students might enjoy the change and find it to be a good thing,but I was a little frightened.I didnt like the idea of having to start over.That was absolutely challenging to me,but when I stood in front of my new classmates,I was comforted by their smiles.It wasnt what I had expe

37、cted it to be.I started to feel like I could get used to this new school life and make lots of new friends.Passage 2Being a student with tasks,events,projects,laboratory exercises,paperwork and some friend issues is truly difficult,but if you have goals in life and you really want to achieve them,yo

38、ull do all the things you can even if there are difficulties.Each of us wants to become academically successful.People say that theres a part of our life in which we learn things and at the same time we have fun.That is the high school life.In this stage,were learning about friendships and relations

39、hips,building up our own personalities and discovering who we really are.Were preparing ourselves to go out to discover more things in the real world.8 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERHere are two types of expressions from the passages in Step 1.Can you find anything in common?a good thing friend issues abso

40、lutely challenging academically successfulFind more phrases in the text of Section 1 and then share your analysis in groups.noun phrases _adjective phrases _Learning tips A noun phrase may be constructed in various ways,such as with modifiers before or after the noun.An adjective phrase is a phrase

41、whose head word is an adjective.Step 2 Exploring the LanguageStep 3 Task Cycle Now its your turn to talk about your expectations.When talking,you will use phrases of different kinds to form clauses.Take a pause at the end of each phrase or clause.“A good thing”and“friend issues”are noun phrases and“

42、absolutely challenging”and“academically successful”are adjective phrases.A phrase refers to a group of words in a sentence used as a noun,verb,adjective,etc.We can use a phrase to give more specific information.Phrases have different structures.They may combine to form clauses and clauses can make s

43、entences.Can you analyze the following sentence?People say that theres a part of our life in which we learn things and at the same time we have fun.93USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXTProject Making a Speech on How Teenagers Face Their Challenges Teenagers face a lot of challenges these days.Its important and

44、 helpful to discuss how one might face these challenges.In this project,you will learn how to successfully develop a speech on this topic.Step 1 Read,Summarize and LearnBelow is a collection of messages taken from an online forum posted by some teenagers about their challenges in life.Read the messa

45、ges and complete the table.Chen MeiBeing a teenager is a strange and yet exciting part of life.We are faced with tough decisions each and every day decisions that will affect our futures.Life is an adventure that is full of challenges,and I will work hard to go through each new challenge with joy.Zh

46、ang YuesiWhat we learn in high school is not easy!We are studying different subjects all at the same time.There are many assignments and tests to worry about.If I dont do well,I dont know how Ill face my teachers and parents.AshleyMe?I feel excited!Being the only child in my family,my parents say th

47、at my future is the future of the family!Neither of my parents had the chance to go to university,and they have worked hard to give me that opportunity.I really dont want to let my parents down,and Ill study hard and try my best to get into university,and make my parents proud.10NameChallengeAttitud

48、eChen Meitough decisions work hard to go throughAshleyZhang YuesiJulia UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERStep 2 Listen,Fill in Blanks and Match 1Listen to four pieces of advice from Miss Knowing and fill in the blanks.JuliaWhen I was in junior high,I was such a cheerful kid with lots of good friends.I got good

49、 marks,and my family was happy with me.But since I became a teenager,things have changed.In fact,my whole life has changed.My relationship with my family and friends isnt the same and my grades are not as good.I even started worrying more about the way I look.If I were you,I would _ _ my parents abo

50、ut this problem._ a suitable goal for yourself.Show your _ to your future.Its best to _ _ your parents about your worries._ your confidence to the changes you are facing._ _ the solutions to the problems.Advice(I)Advice(II)11 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGER2Match the four pieces of advice with the four stud

51、ents in Step 1.Dont be afraid to _ _.Why dont you _ your parents or teachers _ _?Advice(III)Dont be afraid to _ _ _.Youd better _ good learning habits and methods.The best way is to _ by doing tasks and _ a good preparation for tests.Advice(IV)Advice(I)Advice(II)Advice(III)Advice(IV)AshleyZhang Yues

52、iChen MeiJuliaStep 3 Reflect,Discuss and WriteReflect on what you have learned and your challenges,and share with your group members.List your common challenges and discuss how you would face them.Based on your reflection and group discussion,write down the major points for your speech.The common ch

53、allengesAttitudes Dont be afraid to Wed better Why dont you If I were you,I would Dont hesitate to Its best to Lets Show your kindness/confidence to Giving advice 12 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERStep 4 Prepare,Practice and PresentPrepare your speech early,practice it beforehand and present it with confide

54、nce.Remember that an excellent speech requires:confident and enthusiastic greeting a catchy title an interesting opening(a statement or a challenging question)a clear body part a short and powerful endingMy fellow students,The title of my speech isTeenage life is a difficult but colourful period of

55、time.Teenagers are young and active butBased on the survey I did just now,some of the students in our class are facingWith the challenges,I hopeThank you forEvaluate yourself!Can you get the key points when listening to people giving advice?Can you make a speech on“students challenges”in a logical w

56、ay?How well have you done with the following?Tick the circles that best reflect your performance.Retelling Jennys first day of high schoolCreating my own mind map about school life Having a positive attitude to group cooperation ExcellentVery GoodGoodNeeds Improvement13If the Dream Is Big EnoughEXPA

57、NDING OUR HORIZONS4I used to watch her from my kitchen window;she seemed so small as she muscled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground.The school was across the street from my house and I would often watch the kids as they played after class.A sea of children,and yet to me,she stood ou

58、t from them all.I remember the first time I saw her playing basketball.I watched in wonder as she ran circles around the other kids.She managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net.The boys always tried to stop her but none of them could.I began to notice her at other times,bas

59、ketball in hand,playing alone.She would practice shooting over and over again,sometimes until dark.One day I asked her why she practiced so much.She looked directly in my eyes and without a moment of hesitation she said,“I want to go to college.The only way I can go is to get a scholarship.I like ba

60、sketball.I decided that if I were good enough,I would get a scholarship.I am going to play college basketball.I want to be the best!My daddy told me,If the dream is big enough,the facts dont count.”Then she smiled and ran towards the court to continue her practice that I had seen over and over again

61、.Well,I had to give it to her she was determined.I watched her through those junior high years and into high school.Every week,she led her team to victory.If you are determined to dosomething,you have made a firmdecision to do it and will not letanything stop you.QUICK CHECK!14 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAG

62、EROne day in her senior year,I saw her sitting on the grass with her head in her arms.I walked across the street and sat down on the cool grass beside her.Quietly I asked what was wrong.“Oh,nothing,”came a soft reply.“I am just too short.”The coach told her that at 55”she would probably never get to

63、 play for a top ranked team much less offered a scholarship so she should stop dreaming about college.She was heartbroken.I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet.She lifted her head from her hands and told me that her father said those coaches were wrong.They just did not understand th

64、e power of a dream.He told her that if she really wanted to play for a good college,if she truly wanted a scholarship,nothing could stop her except one thing her own attitude.He told her again,“If the dream is big enough,the facts dont count.”The next year,she and her team went to the Northern Calif

65、ornia Championship game.People were so impressed with her skills and she was offered a full ride scholarship.She was going to get the college education that she had dreamed of and worked towards for all those years.Its true:If the dream is big enough,the facts dont count!POST-READING QUESTIONS1 What

66、 is the girls dream?2 What challenge stands in the way of the girl achieving her dream?3 Whats the meaning of the sentence“If the dream is big enough,the facts dont count”?Cultural Differences of TeenagersKnowing the cultural differences between yourself and others of your age can help you understan

67、d friends who are of a different race or culture.With this understanding,you wont run the risk of being disrespectful.Youll also know if you are misunderstanding your friends behaviour when it seems like he/she is being rude.The major differences between Asian and American teenagers lie in the follo

68、wing aspects:FamilyFamily comes first in the Asian culture.Teenagers stay close to home and have a stronger commitment to their parents than many American teens do.While Asian families have a greater dependence on each other,American families encourage their children and teenagers to be independent.

69、15 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERFriendshipSome Asian teens generally prefer having a small group of life-long friends.They are committed and loyal to their friends.Americans often prefer a larger group of friends.There might be less commitment to keeping friends for life because of their bigger pool of po

70、ssible friendships.Working RelationshipsIf you are working on a group project with teens from China or other Asian countries,they might focus on developing a good relationship with you.However,American teens tend to first focus on the task and getting the work done.Developing relationships with thei

71、r group members might come second.Body LanguageIn China and many other Asian countries,making direct eye contact is considered rude and disrespectful.However,in America and some European countries,it is not only seen as appropriate but also necessary because it means the person is paying attention.I

72、n Asian culture people are usually more comfortable with less personal space than Americans are.A touch on the shoulder or an arm is common for Asians even if you dont know one another.Its important to keep in mind that when learning about cultural differences,you should not generalize those differe

73、nces.The key to understanding cultural differences with your friends is to ask them for advice.All cultures value kindness and respect.POST-READING QUESTIONS1 What are the benefits of knowing about the cultural differences among teenagers?2 What different attitudes do Asian and American teens have t

74、owards family?3 What does eye contact mean in American culture?16How to Get along Well with Your ParentsBeing a teenager is a challenge.You frequently disobey the rules that your parents set for you.So parents often do not know what to expect.Many of them often find it difficult to understand what y

75、ou need while you are growing.They dont know whether what you are doing is an act of independence or rebellion.Some adults would describe adolescence as a period of disagreement,change,and problems.For you its a time of school pressures and planning for your future.Its easy to understand why so many

76、 people find this to be a difficult time.But once its over,you will realize that most of your parents troubling behaviour is motivated by feelings of love and concern.However,if you communicate with your parents,and try to understand each other,this period will be less trying and more fun for all of

77、 you.Adolescence is the period of yourlife in which you develop from being achild into being an adult.UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERBelow are a few tips for improving communication between you and your parents:Be honest with your feelings.Your parents want to help you,but they wont know whats going on in y

78、our life if you dont tell them.If your parents drive you crazy,dont immediately take defensive actions.Make sure you talk to your parents when you calm down.If you start shouting or crying,you wont be able to express your feelings clearly.Listen to what your parents have to say.If your parents give

79、you a chance to say whats on your mind,its only fair to give them the same opportunity.If you listen to what they have to say,then you may learn that youve been misunderstanding their feelings.QUICK CHECK!17 UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGERUnit ReflectionReview the whole unit and reflect on what you have lea

80、rned.1 What have you learned in this unit about forming or developing learning/living habits?What are your plans about making friends,doing well in your studies,getting involved in the school community,etc.?2 What is your attitude towards your teenage challenges?3 What have you learned about the str

81、ucture and function of phrases and clauses in an English sentence?POST-READING QUESTIONS1 How would some adults describe the period of adolescence?2 What are the tips about improving communication with your parents?3 According to the author,why should you listen to your parents?If your parents say s

82、omething that you disagree with,dont immediately overreact.Give them a chance to express their feelings and then,with a calm attitude,explain why you may disagree with them.Try to identify what you need from them and tell them if they may not know.Following the advice above will make your time as a

83、teenager a lot easier and more enjoyable.More Connections If you want to learn more about the preparation of high school,try to surf the Internet.Here are some key words for your reference:teenagers,first day,high school,and plan.The following two books are recommended for tips on facing new challen

84、ges.You may refer to dictionaries when reading the two books.The Art of Being a Brilliant Teenager by Andy CopeIts Not Easy Being a Teenager by Patricia Wayant182UNITFRIENDSHIPA friend is a gift you give yourself.Robert Louis Stevenson,Scottish novelist Friends come in all different shapes and sizes

85、.Cecelia Ahern,Irish writer As one fence needs three stakes,a good guy needs three fellows.Chinese proverb191READING FOR MEANINGIve Got New Friends!BEFORE YOU READ1 Who is your best friend?How long have you known each other?2 Have you made new friends in your high school?Who are they?3 How do you ch

86、oose friends?With what kind of person would you like to make friends?Hello Jenny,How are things?Id like to apologize for not writing to you for so long.I have been so busy.I cant believe its been almost a month since school started.I really like being in high school.Its exciting,isnt it?There are so

87、 many new things to do and so many new people to meet.I have a great new group of friends.Among us,there is very little gap on everything.Were in the same class.We all like to study together after school because we can help each other.Im pretty good at English,so many guys ask me for help in English

88、 class.After school we usually go to play sports for a little while or listen to the songs of our favourite bands.Sometimes we take a walk by the river or visit some bookstores.We have to be back for evening class at 7:00 p.m.Among this group,I like Dazhi most.I met him on the sports ground one afte

89、rnoon when he was sitting alone,deep in thought.I went up to him and introduced myself.I learned from our talk that he is from the countryside about two hundred kilometres away from Shijiazhuang.Dazhi has had an interesting life a very different life from mine.As time goes on and I get to know him b

90、etter,Im finding that we both have a broad range of interests.Many are similar.We even have the same hobby of cooking.I think I can learn a lot from 20 UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPhim.Being friends means learning from each other.Dont you think so?I have invited Dazhi to come to my home for dinner this Sunday.W

91、e will cook together.I think we will have a good time.We always have lots of things to talk about.I am quite happy with this growing friendship.It has opened a door to many new experiences.Ive got to go back to class now.Talk soon.Your friend,Li Mingfriendship=friend+shipbookstore=book+storekilometr

92、e=kilo+metreHi Li Ming,Thank you for your email.Like you,I really enjoy being in high school.Youre right!There are so many new people to meet and so many new things to do and learn.Pat is my best friend at school,but we dont have all of our classes together.We have gym class together every day.I lik

93、e the fact that Pat is very active in all of our school activities.She doesnt like the students who are passive and just do what they are told to do.We eat lunch together in the dining room every day and we talk and laugh a lot.DO YOU KNOW?21 UNIT 2FRIENDSHIPAFTER YOU READReading Comprehension1 In w

94、hat ways is Li Mings high school life exciting?2 What does Li Ming do together with his friends?3 Why does Li Ming consider Dazhi his best friend?4 Why do you think Li Ming finds Dazhis life interesting?5 What kind of friend is Kara to Jenny?6 What are the differences between Li Mings and Jennys und

95、erstanding of friendship in high school?Pat and I want to try out for the basketball team this year.Playing sports is a lot of fun and a great way to make new friends.Last year,my friend Kara and I played on the same team.It was hard at the beginning.Fortunately I had Kara,who was always there to en

96、courage me every time I had a bad game.She would always find a way to help me stop feeling bad about myself and remind me that playing basketball was supposed to be fun.Shes really funny too,and shes so good at making people laugh.Its really great having her as a friend.Its important to have friends

97、 that can share the good times with you as well as the bad times.This Friday,Pat is having a birthday party at her house.I can hardly wait!We will listen to our favourite bands,watch our favourite movies and have a comfortable chat.We will talk and talk all night long.I think the most important thin

98、g for me is to have good friends to talk to.I like to talk to them about everything everyday things,funny things,difficult things,and important things.We even tell each other secrets.Friends are special,arent they?With best wishes.Your friend,Jenny223 Going to school every day also means that you ge

99、t to see your school friends every day.Do youthink it is necessary for school friends to chat on social media like QQ and WeChat after school?Share your opinion in your group and give reasons to support your view.4 In groups,discuss what you will do or what advice you will give to a friend when.UNIT

100、 2 FRIENDSHIPPost-reading Activities1 Jenny writes,“Playing sports is a lot of fun and a great way to make new friends.”In groups,brainstorm and discuss other possible ways of making new friends.2 In language,we sometimes try to understand something better by comparing it to something else.When we d

101、o this we are using a simile or a metaphor.Read and try writing your own simile ormetaphor about friends and friendship.A friend is like _.Friendship is _.(Use“like”or“as”.)(Use“be”,not“like”or“as”.)For example,“Friends are like stars.You cant always see them,but you know they are there.”For example

102、,“Friends are flowers in the garden of life.”A simile compares two different things using the word“like”or“as”.A metaphor compares two different things by using“be”.he/she did something wrong or got into trouble,and is too afraid to tell his/her teacher or parents about it.he/she is feeling sad or b

103、ad about something.he/she argued with his/her friend because of a misunderstanding.23LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICE2Task One Telling Stories of Friendship In this task,you will read three passages about friendship,and then tell your story of friendship in groups.Step 1 Pre-task ResourcesRead and learn ho

104、w to describe the events for developing friendship.I grew up in a family that didnt show affection.I knew I was loved,but it was rarely expressed,either in words or with a hug.Then,at the age of 40,I met Judy.I quickly noticed how often she told her kids she loved them and how she hugged everyone he

105、llo and goodbye.As with most habits,I picked it up,and the more I did so,the easier it became for me.Now I never fail to hug friends or family members,and it has completely changed how I relate to them.Its an awesome feeling!Oh,I love you,Judy!Taking care of two young children,one of whom required m

106、edical attention,meant that I was always tired and behind on my housework.One day,we came home from yet another doctors visit to find the front door slightly open.I went into the house,only to find the floor cleaned,the dishes dried,and the dirty clothes washed.The beds were made,and there were even

107、 flowers beside my bed.It turned out that my friend Joy was driving by my home and noticed my car was gone,so she took the opportunity to help me out.I learned an important lesson that day about friendship.And this friendship was sealed for life!1224Step 2 Exploring the LanguageComplete the chart an

108、d understand the friendship between the author and her friends.UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPBecause we are spread all over the country,my three closest friends(Miranda,Rachel,and Joanna)and I keep in touch by group texting.We share daily struggles,successes,and,most of all,laughs.These special ladies love me fo

109、r who I am.They never judge me or take advantage of my weaknesses.I am lucky to have them in my life when times are good and when times are tough.Having such kind of friends has taught me that life is more fun and meaningful when I share myself with others.3Step 3 Task CycleDecide on a story about f

110、riendship that you would like to share with your group.It can be a story about you and your friends,a story about people you know or one that you might have read somewhere.Write down some keywords or an outline of your story.Work in groups and take turns telling your stories.What do you find interes

111、ting or inspirational about other peoples stories?Share,discuss and take notes.Review your notes and think about how much better you understand friendship.We four are close friends.We keep in touch by _ and I find life _.Joy&IJudy&Ithree closest friends&II learned from Judy how to show affection.She

112、 often told her kids _ and hugged _.I picked this up and it changed me a lot.Joy helped me when I was so busy and tired.I found the floor _,the dishes _ and the dirty clothes _.friendship25 UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPDear Mathew,How is everything going?Life in high school is exciting.There are so many new thi

113、ngs to explore and I have already made a few new friends.However,I still cant help thinking about the good times we had in junior high school.You often said we were sure to be best friends.Upon graduation,you told me you would miss me because we were going to different high schools and that meant we

114、 wouldnt see each other every day anymore.We made a promise that we would meet regularly in senior high school and we would always make time to catch up with each other.Next weekend I am having a party with some old friends in the caf bar near my home.It will be a lot of fun,and I hope you can come.

115、Looking forward to seeing you again!Your friend,TomTask Two Writing an Email to a Junior High School FriendIn this task,youre going to write an email to your best friend in junior high school.Think about what you used to do together and what plans and promises you made.Set a date to meet each other

116、again.Step 1 Pre-task ResourcesRead an email from Tom to his friend Mathew.Focus on how to describe a plan in the past.Step 2 Task Cycle1To make new friends and to keep old ones are equally important.If you look back on your junior high school days,youre sure to miss the good times you had with your

117、 friends.Brainstorm the plans and promises you made with your friend.a plan or a promisewhatwhowhenwhere26 UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIP2Write an email to your friend to recall the unforgettable past and introduce your present life.Step 3 Language FocusCompare the two sentences used in Toms email.Pay attention

118、to the expressions in orange.Upon graduation,you told me you would miss me because we were going to different high schools and that meant we wouldnt see each other every day anymore.Next weekend I am having a party with some old friends in the caf bar near my home.It will be a lot of fun,and I hope

119、you can come.In the first sentence,the past future tense is used while in the second sentence the simple future tense is used.The past future tense is used to express the idea that in the past we thought something would happen in the future.The past future tense follows the same basic rules as the s

120、imple future tense.Jane has borrowed many books,so she will stay at home to read them this summer.future from nowJane borrowed many books and decided that she would stay at home this summer.future from a past pointGreetings in English emails Hello/Hi Jenny,Dear Mathew,Thank you for your email.How is

121、 everything going?I am writing about.Saying goodbye in English emails Talk soon.Talk to you soon.With best wishes.Looking forward to seeing you again.Learning tips“Would”is usually used when volunteering or promising,and“was/were going to”,“was/were to”or“was/were v-ing”is usually used to express a

122、plan.273Project Exploring What Friendship MeansMany people will walk in and out of our life,but only true friends will leave footprints in our hearts.Friends come in all colours,shapes and sizes,and make our life meaningful and colourful.In this project you will first explore what friendship means,a

123、nd then write an essay about your view of friendship.Step 1 Read,Recognize and Match Read the passage below and choose a title for each kind of friends from the“Heading List”.USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXTHeading ListA.The Fun One B.The“Mom”C.The IntellectualD.The“Younger Sister”E.The“Dad”We all have frie

124、nds.Oftentimes,we have friends that join us at different times in our lives.We have best friends that stick with us,but more often than not they all serve different purposes.Friends give us meaning in our lives no matter what role they play.He or she presses you to think about the world around you.H

125、e or she helps you think about work,life,children,education,love,and how all of those things work together.He or she motivates you to study,read and be original.This kind of friend brings out the little kid in you and never fails to make you smile.He or she wants you to relax,have a good time and fo

126、rget about the stress in your life.This friend is your role model.She is overprotective,but its only because she really cares about you.She is the one you text when youre having a bad day.She can tell 12328 UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPyou need a hug without you saying a word.She forces you to think through all

127、 your decisions.She knows you best and is generous with her time.She never fails to offer her congratulations on your achievements,small or big.This friend is protective,hard-working and supportive.He may not always understand you or seem like hes on your side,but he supports you more than anyone el

128、se.You love this friend more than anything.Shes one of your closest friends,and you tend to protect her.She asks for your advice,but at the end of the day you tend to think that you learn more about yourself from her than she does from you.Step 2 Listen,Fill in Blanks and Discuss Here is a story abo

129、ut how two girls helped their friend after she failed a test.Listen carefully,fill in the blanks and have a discussion with your group members.A teenage girl walked into school one day.She was dressed as usual in her blue jeans and _ _ shirt.However,it was her face that gave her away.It was normally

130、 full of _,but that day she looked _.Her friends noticed it and asked her,“Are you all right?Whats wrong?”She tried to make them believe that there was nothing wrong.But her friends knew her too well.Finally she told her friends that she _ _ her English test and that her parents would be _ at her.He

131、r friends understood and calmed her down.They eventually made her realize that she should tell her parents _ _.So she did.Her parents were not as angry as she had originally thought they would be.She felt grateful that her friends were there for her.She was _ that her friends knew her so well.1What

132、will you do when you find a friend is in low spirits?2How can you comfort a friend who is sad about poor examination results?4529 UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPStep 3 Brainstorm and Share Make a list of some adjectives that can be used to describe a true friend.Share your list with your group.Then complete the m

133、ind map below.Good Times Bad TimeshonestfriendStep 4 Discuss,Take Notes and LearnIn groups,discuss how friends might share their good times and bad times.Take notes and keep separate lists for“good times”and“bad times”.Learn about the qualities of friendship from your discussion.30Step 5 Reflect and

134、 Write Your First DraftBased on your discussion,reflect on the major qualities of friendship and then write an essay entitled“Friendship”to express your opinions on what friendship means.UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPLearning tipsWhen writing this essay,you should state your general point of view first and then

135、present your ideas on the subject from several different aspects with evidence and analyses.In the last paragraph of your essay,you sum up your ideas and come to your conclusion.Evaluate yourself!Can you guess the meaning of some new words based on the context?Can you make a list of words and expres

136、sions about friendship?How well have you done with the following?Tick the circles that best reflect your performance.Using what I know about the future tense when learning about the past future tenseUnderstanding the major meaning of friendship when reading the textTaking an active part in classroom

137、 activities ExcellentVery GoodGoodNeeds Improvement31EXPANDING OUR HORIZONS4Three Types of FriendshipAristotle makes reference to three types of friendship in one of his books.The first is friendship based on usefulness,where both people get some benefit from each other.Therefore,in a friendship of

138、usefulness,“the friend is not loved for his own sake,but for the sake of some benefit received by the other”.Aristotle notes that these friendships dont last long,because if the benefit ends,so will the friendship.He states,“Hence when the motive of the friendship has passed away,the friendship itse

139、lf is dissolved,having existed merely as a means to that end.”The second is friendship based on pleasure,where both people are drawn to the others wit,good looks,or other pleasant qualities.In the friendship of pleasure people love their friend not for the sake of the friend,but for the sake of the

140、pleasure received.As with usefulness,friendships of pleasure are weak as they can change or end as quickly as the pleasure received can change or end.These two types of friendship are only accidental,because in these cases friends are motivated by their own benefit and pleasure,not by anything impor

141、tant to the nature of the friend.Both of these types of friendship are short-lived because ones needs and pleasures are likely to change over time.The third is friendship based on goodness,where both people admire the others goodness and help one another go for goodness.Friendships based on goodness

142、 tend to be long lasting.This friendship includes the other two,as good friends are useful to one another and please one When something is accidental,ithappens by chance,not planned.QUICK CHECK!Aristotle was an ancient Greekphilosopher and scientist.Along withPlato,Aristotle is considered the“Father

143、 of Western Philosophy”.DO YOU KNOW?32POST-READING QUESTIONS1 According to Aristotle,what is the best friendship?Please explain it in your own words.2 Why did Aristotle conclude that the first two types of friendship are short-lived?Do you agree with him?3 Think of all your friends and friendship yo

144、u have developed.What types of friendship do you haveaccording to Aristotles point of view?UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPFriendship in Different CulturesFriendship is universal.Thats why all cultures in the world value it in very similar ways.One common belief in ancient China concerning friendship is that frien

145、ds see the world in the same or similar way.They have the same goal,or follow a similar path and true friends understand each other in a way others cannot.Closely related is the idea that“If you do not know a man,look at his friends”.There is also an old saying in Russia,“Instead of having 100 ruble

146、s,better have 100 friends”,which means friendship cant be measured by cash.At the same time,American literature is also full of stories about friendship.Readers can feel what friendship means while reading,for example,Hemingways memories of Paris in A Moveable Feast,“When you cannot make friends any

147、more in your head is the worst.”In China,there is a popular saying that goes,“Life is a bosom friend.”another.Such friendship is rare and takes time to develop,but it is the best.Bad people can be friends for reasons of pleasure or benefit,but only good people can be friends for each others sake.33

148、UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPThe Power of FriendshipDogs and elephants,just like lions and tigers,or cats and mice,traditionally have been“natural enemies”.Dogs bark at elephants because they are afraid of the large animals.Elephants get angry at the barking dogs and chase them.Read to see what happened in the

149、following story.Once upon a time,there was a well-fed male elephant,which belonged to the king.Living nearby was a poorly-fed dog.The dog was attracted by the smell of the rich sweet rice being fed to the elephant.He began to eat the rice that fell from the elephants mouth.While enjoying his food,th

150、e mighty elephant didnt notice the tiny,shy dog.The dog grew bigger and stronger,and became very handsome.The elephant began to enjoy the dogs company.The dog got used to being around the elephant.When they played,the dog would hold on the elephants heavy trunk with his tail moving happily and the e

151、lephant would rock him back and forth,from side to side,up and down,and even in circles!They became“best friends”,and never wanted to be separated.Then one day,a man from a far-away village passed by the elephant.He saw the beautiful dog Cultures also have similar ideas when it comes to the importan

152、ce of telling true friends from false ones.The Chinese would say,“Hard times test friendship.”The Western saying“A friend in need is a friend indeed”is similar to the Russian proverb“A friend is known in a trouble”and the words of Kazakh writer Abai,“You can tell a good friend from a bad one.Bad fri

153、ends are like a shadow.On a sunny day you cannot get rid of them.When it is cloudy you cannot find them,no matter how much effort you make.”A strong friendship has a positive effect on our health.So good friendships make people both healthier and happier.If you are studying,working or travelling to

154、another country,you will find that friendship exists everywhere.POST-READING QUESTIONS1 According to the text,how can people tell true friends from false ones?2 Why do you think the Russians say it is better to have 100 friends than 100 rubles?3 Why does the writer Abai say that bad friends are like

155、 a shadow?Is Abai using a metaphor or a simile?34 UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPand bought him from the mahout.He took the dog back to his home village.Nobody knew where the village was.Soon,the elephant became very sad.He missed his best friend,the dog.He didnt want to do anything,not even eat or drink.So the m

156、ahout had to report this to the king,but he said nothing about selling the friendly dog.It just so happened that the king had an intelligent minister who was known for his understanding of animals.The king ordered the minister to go and find the reason for the elephants condition.The wise minister s

157、aw at once that the elephant was sad.Then he said to the guards,“I have found no physical sickness.He seems to be heartbroken due to the loss of a friend.Do you know if this elephant had a close friendship with anyone?”They told him about the friendship between the elephant and the dog.The minister

158、returned to the king and said,“Your Majesty,I am happy to say your elephant is not sick.As strange as it may sound,he became best friend with a dog!Since the dog has been taken away,the elephant is heartbroken and does not feel like eating or drinking or bathing.”A mahout is an elephant-driver.Mahou

159、ts take care of elephants.QUICK CHECK!35Unit ReflectionReview the whole unit and reflect on what you have learned.1 Does this unit broaden your understanding of friendship?What have you learned about friendship and friends?Do you agree that friends come in all different shapes and sizes?2 What are t

160、he three types of friendship according to Aristotle?What types of friendship do you have?How can we develop and keep a good friendship?3 What is the past future tense?What does it mean?Can you use it to talk about your past plans,or the future in the past?UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIPThe king said,“Friendship i

161、s one of lifes most wonderful things,isnt it?But how can we bring back my elephants friend and make him happy again?”“Quite true,”replied the minister.“I suggest you make an official notice.Whoever has the dog will be fined.”This was done.When the villager heard of it,he set free the dog from his ho

162、use.The dog ran as fast as he could straight back to his best friend,the elephant.POST-READING QUESTIONS1 How did the dog and the elephant become friends?Why did the elephant become heartbroken?2 What was the kings decision?How did the dog return to the elephant?3 What is the moral of this story?Wha

163、t does the writer want to tell us through this story?More Connections In your opinion,what is the best song to celebrate friendship?In English-speaking countries,it is Auld Lang Syne.Its a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song.It is well known in m

164、any countries,especially in the English-speaking world.Do you want to have a better understanding of friendship?You can look at what great people think about it by searching the Internet for their ideas.The key words“quotes of friendship”are recommended to help you.363UNITDANCING WITH WORDSWords are

165、 like eggs:when they are hatched,they have wings.Madagascan proverbHe who knows the tongues is at home everywhere.Dutch proverbWithout grammar very little can be conveyed;without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.D.A.Wilkins,British linguist37READING FOR MEANING1Snowstorms and SundogsBEFORE YOU REA

166、D1 How do you understand the title of this unit“Dancing with Words”?What would you expect to read inthe text?2 There are many ways to form words in a language.Each word has one or more meanings and thecombination of different words can form new ones.Tell how the following English words are formed.3

167、Look through the text below and see if you can find the words with similar structures.A stopover is a short stay in aparticular place between parts of along journey.hometowndislikeactorSophies dad is an international pilot.When he is away,he sends postcards to his family.These little postcards with

168、pictures of London,New York and Toronto bring the world right into Sophies home.Sophies dad collects new words like some people collect stamps,china or pictures of basketball players.Whenever he hears a word for the first time,hell act like a child with a new toy.When he has a stopover on a long fli

169、ght,the first place he goes to is the airport bookstore for books,journals,puzzles and newspapers.During most of this year,Sophies dad was a pilot on an airplane that flew over the Polar Cap.“What an interesting expression,”he wrote on a postcard to Sophie.“It sounds as if the North Pole had a cap o

170、n its head because the weather is so cold.Imagine the North Pole saying,Id better put on my cap so I dont freeze my ears.”QUICK CHECK!38An encyclopedia(also spelledencyclopaedia)is a book or CD,ora set of these,containing facts aboutmany different subjects,or containingdetailed facts about one subje

171、ct.UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSAt school,Sophies class had started to study northern environments.Her task was to write a report on how people describe the weather in cold places.“I could look in the encyclopedia,”she said to herself,“but my dad has visited these places.He is a flying encyclopedia.”Sop

172、hie had three weeks to finish her project.“Thats easy,”her dad said.He was about to leave for two weeks.One of his flights would take him from Moscow to Montreal.“Ill buy some postcards in Moscow and a book about the weather in Montreal.Ill send you weather descriptions from Canada.Ill mail the post

173、cards at the same time.”When the postcards began to arrive,Sophie could not help but laugh.On one side,the postcards showed pictures of Russian palaces and gardens,art treasures from famous Russian museums and beautiful ports on the Black Sea.On the other side,her dad described the snowstorms of the

174、 worlds far northern countries.The coldest temperature ever recorded in North America was in the Canadian Arctic.Snag,Yukon,Feb.3,1947.Minus 63 degrees centigrade!Only three other places in the world have recorded such low temperatures.The coldest was minus 89.2 degrees centigrade!Your flesh could f

175、reeze in less than a minute!When the weather gets to be so cold,keeping yourself warm is very important!POSTCARDIn the last postcard he sent,Sophies father described an interesting scene.He wrote,“Here,in the most northern parts of the world,the extreme cold temperatures can cause some interesting t

176、hings to happen.For example,when sunlight hits ice crystals in the air in a certain way,DO YOU KNOW?39 UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSReading Comprehension1 Why does Sophies dad like sending postcards to his family?2 What is Sophies task and why does she turn to her dad for help?3 What is a sundog?Can you

177、 explain its meaning in English?What does Sophie think about this word?4 What does the statement“When you learn new words,its like opening a door to a new place”meanto you?5 What is the main idea of this text?What is the relationship between language and life experiences?6 The text has nine paragrap

178、hs,which can be grouped into three parts according to their content.Write a sentence to summarize the main idea of each part.AFTER YOU READPartParagraphMain ideaI Paragraph(s)_II Paragraph(s)_III Paragraph(s)_you can see strange shapes on both sides of the sun.The people who live here call this shap

179、e a sundog.I love that.I think thats my new favourite word.”Laughing at the odd word,Sophie wondered whether sundogs chased mooncats.“Im learning to speak a whole new language,”she told her teacher excitedly.“The language of snow.Different words about snow are being used in my report.”“Thats good.Th

180、e more words you know,the better you can express yourself and your experiences,”her teacher commented.“Language helps us understand the world we live in and communicate and share our understanding with others.A greater knowledge of any subject,from space travel to music,will come with new words and

181、new understandings.Words are doors.When you learn new words,its like opening a door to a new place.”sundog a northern scene40 UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDS SONGLanguage is a tricky thing,So study it with pride.With each new word we masterA door is opened wide.So first learn how to say each wordAnd how t

182、o spell it too.Then study where it came from.Youll be surprised what this will do!LanguageA word is like a new friend.Youre nervous that first day,But as you get to know him,Your fears will go away.Post-reading Activities1 Observe and examine the use of compound words in the text:postcard,basketball

183、,stopover andnewspaper.What other English words can you see within these words?Search the text for morecompound words,choose THREE of them and make as many new compound words as you can.2 A dialect is a form of a language spoken by a particular group of people,especially those livingin one area.It h

184、as different pronunciation,words,and even grammar rules from other forms ofthe language.Make a list of words,expressions and sayings that are not present in standardPutonghua and share your list with your classmates.3 In recent years,it has become popular to use the transliteration(sound translation

185、)of English wordsinstead of the actual Chinese word equivalents.For example,it is more common for people to usekatong vs.donghua for cartoon,and leishe vs.jiguang for laser.Think about other words like thisthat you know and make a list.Share and discuss your list with your classmates.4 Most language

186、s are made up of words.Discuss with your classmates what“knowing a word”means.How do you learn new words?Share your tips and strategies with your classmates.snowbird snowmanbasketball baseballExamplesnowball41LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICE2Task One Describing the Cold WinterIn this task,you will learn so

187、me new words that describe cold weather and build a word bank related to the winter season.You will then practice using the new words that you learn from the passages below to describe a picture.Step 1 Pre-task ResourcesRead the following passages and guess the meanings of the words in blue.Winter i

188、n CanadaMy first experience of real winter weather was when I went to northern Canada.I was used tothe snow that falls in my hometown,which quickly turns into brown slush when all the peoplewalk on it.In fact,I would say that we never experienced real snow in my hometown.It wasmostly sleet.Whats mor

189、e,winters in my hometown meant a bit of white frost on our gardenand having to drive very carefully on icy roads early in the morning.I had never experienced theblizzards and snowdrifts that can make a city unable to function in less than an hour andclose roads completely.However,when the earth fina

190、lly thaws and all the snow melts away inspring,everything comes to life again and looks more beautiful than ever.Cold WeatherIn my hometown,the chilly days of autumn soon change to the cold days of winter.The firstfrosts(1)arrive and the roads become icy.Rain becomes sleet(2)and then snow,which at f

191、irstturns to slush(3)in the streets,but soon settles.With severe blizzards(4)and snowdrifts(5),freezing weather often continues in the far north until May or even June,until the groundstarts to thaw(6)and the ice melts(7)again.Many words can be learned in context.You can guess the meanings of new wo

192、rds by understanding the context.Learning tips42Step 2 Exploring the Language1Match the words with their explanations.(1)frosta.rain and snow mixed(2)sleetb.snow blown by high winds(3)slushc.thin white coat of ice on everything(4)blizzard d.deep banks of snow against walls,etc.(5)snowdrift e.dirty,b

193、rownish,half-snow,half-water(6)thawf.change from solid to liquid under heat(7)melt g.change from hard,frozen state to normal 2Build a word bank about cold winter.Step 3 Task CycleUsing some of the words you learned about winter and cold weather,write five sentences to describe the picture below.cold

194、 winterweatherfestivalsactivitiesfeelings UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDS43 UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSTask Two Expressing Opinions on Saving Dialects We all love our dialects for different reasons.We learned them when we were young,and we use them often later on.However,some languages and dialects are enda

195、ngered.In this task,read some passages about this problem and share your opinions on saving dialects.Step 1 Pre-task ResourcesRead the following three passages about languages and dialects.The worlds almost 7,000 known languages are disappearing fast,with a different tongue dyingabout every two week

196、s.Methods are now being used by researchers to find the primary threat tolanguage diversity.The study shows that it is a global phenomenon economic development.Many people know about the threatened polar bear,but few people know that there areendangered languages and even some have disappeared.For e

197、xample,the last speaker of theEyak language in Alaska died in 2008,and the last speaker of the Ubykh language in Turkeydied in 1992.Its becoming more widely understood that some languages are being wiped out byeconomic growth.Its impossible to“save”a language unlessit has a community of speakers.Pro

198、fessorAustin started recording Kamilaroi,alanguage spoken in northern New SouthWales,in 1972.He prepared a dictionary in1992 and co-wrote a Web dictionary in 1996.“The language is being taught in schools innorthern NSW now and is being relearnedby a whole new generation of Kamilaroipeople,”says Prof

199、essor Austin.Dialects have their place in our culture.A dialect gives a taste of home,identity and variety.Though it is important forevery child in China to learn to speakPutonghua,it does not have to come atthe cost of losing Chinese dialects.Thedialect can give us more understandingof local cultur

200、es that exist within Chinaand around the world.12344 UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSThe structure of the present continuous passive voice is as follows:subject+be+being+done(+by.)When we describe things happening right now,we use the present continuous tense.Some workers are painting the wall.He is repair

201、ing the broken car engines.If the object of the verb in an active sentence becomes the subject,we use the present continuous passive voice.The wall is being painted by some workers.The broken car engines are being repaired by him.Step 2 Task Cycle1Discuss with your classmates:What point or argument

202、is the author making in Passage 1?How would you feel if your mother tongue were endangered?Do you have a local dialect?When and with whom do you speak your local dialect?2According to the information in Passage 2,how can we save a language that is endangered?3In groups,discuss whether we should work

203、 to save and protect our dialects when we are encouraged to use Putonghua.Make sure you use examples to support your argument.Step 3 Language FocusLook at the sentences that use the present continuous passive voice.Different words about snow are being used in my report.Its becoming more widely under

204、stood that some languages are being wiped out by economic growth.The language is being taught in schools in northern NSW now and is being relearned by a whole new generation of Kamilaroi people.453USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXTProject Exploring Loanwords in Chinese and English Loanwords refer to words bor

205、rowed into one language from another.In this project,you will read the passage introducing loanwords in English and then explore loanwords in Chinese.Report your findings in your presentation.Step 1 Read,View and Search Read this passage about loanwords in English.Loanwords in EnglishEnglish is an o

206、pen language and has been borrowing words from other languages since its birth.The major sources of loanwords in English are Latin and Greek.For example,some English words that were borrowed from Latin include agriculture,museum and society.Some examples of words borrowed from Greek are:astronaut,ch

207、emistry,and electricity.Much of the English vocabulary also comes from French,for example,cartoon,cinema,coach and affair.Italian is another language that has influenced the growth of the English vocabulary,for example,ballet,concert,piano and opera.Do you know that there are many loanwords in Engli

208、sh that come from the Chinese language?For example,in the Oxford English Dictionary,you can find words like yin and yang,feng shui,kung fu,lychee,pinyin and many others.China has been interacting with the European countries since the Silk Road time.With the development of Chinas economy and technolo

209、gy around the 21st century,more and more Chinese words have made their way into the English language.Interestingly,the word taikonaut shows a blend of Chinese tai kong(outer space)and English astronaut.balletlychee46 UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSStep 2 Listen and Make Choices Listen to an introduction t

210、o loanwords in Chinese and choose the correct answers.1From which languages are the English loanwords mentioned in this passage borrowed?Give examples to each language.Standard Chinese is by far the worlds _ speech community.A youngestB largestC oldestD smallestLoanwords from English have entered _

211、Chinese in different forms.A listening and readingB written and spoken C listening and spokenD reading and writtenHow many major types of English loanwords are there in Chinese?A One.B Two.C Three.D Four.Which of the following is an example of loan blends?A 拷贝for copy B IC卡C IT(information technolog

212、y)D bye-byeWhich of the following is an example of loan translations?A 沙拉for saladB E时代C AA制D GDP LanguagesExamples from each languageLatin2Make a list of some other English loanwords you know that do not appear in this passage.47 UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSStep 3 Collect,Classify and Investigate 1Loo

213、k through books,newspapers,signs,advertisements,instructions and posters to collect and make a list of English loanwords in Chinese.Learning tipsGiving a presentation is an opportunity foryou to share knowledge,information and opinions with your classmates.LoanwordWTOLoan blendG20 峰会Loan translation

214、卡通(cartoon)2Select some commonly used loanwords from your list and show them to your friends,family members or neighbours.Ask five people if they know the meaning of these loanwords,whether they use these words,and how they like them.3In groups,share your loanwords and your findings of peoples attit

215、udes towards using loanwords.Then,discuss why you think loanwords are used.Examine the advantages and disadvantages of using loanwords.Step 4 Put Things Together,Prepare and Present With the development of globalization,there are more and more English loanwords borrowed into the Chinese language.How

216、ever,some people enjoy using these loanwords while some people think these foreign words“damage”the purity of the Chinese language.Based on your investigation,prepare a five-minute presentation and report your findings on peoples attitudes towards using loanwords.48IntroductionBodyConclusion Let me

217、give yousome examples.What impressedme most is that.My first reason is.Hello,everyone,Iam glad to.Our topic today is.To sum up,.Thank you for yourattention!UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSIn your presentation,consider:what kinds of loanwords people are using(include examples);the reasons why people use loa

218、nwords;peoples attitudes towards using loanwords.Evaluate yourself!Are you able to scan for specific information while reading the passage?Can you learn and memorize new words using word classification method?How well have you done with the following?Tick the circles that best reflect your performan

219、ce.Being aware of accumulating loanwords in Chinese and EnglishUsing loanwords in a specific contextReviewing and summarizing regularly what I have learned from English classesExcellentVery GoodGoodNeeds Improvement49EXPANDING OUR HORIZONS4“Rooting”for WordsA tree has roots.So does a flower.People h

220、ave roots too.If you get to the root of a problem,you get to its source.You understand where it came from.Its the same thing with words.Dig deeply into a big,unfamiliar word and you will often arrive at its source.Know its root,and you will understand its origin.As readers,especially those reading i

221、n a second language,we need to approach the text as if we were detectives seeking clues to unlock the unknown.Its like using a word flashlight to shine light where no light has shone before!As with any good detective arriving on the crime scene,the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult

222、word is to judge the situation,to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it represents.As you know,prefixes and suffixes can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning.Know the basic prefixes and suffixes and you will be well on the way to wor

223、d building power.But root words are the key.One of the best ways to help us to detect meaning is to find the root word contained in the larger,difficult word.Take time to learn a few of these,file them in your memory,and you will become a master word detective,an expert in your field.Lets take a loo

224、k at two common root words used in English.Alter from the Latin word means“other”.When you meet this root word,you know that the bigger word has something to do with“other”.Examine the word“alternate”.Can you find the Latin root in it?If you and your friend like to go 50out for lunch and you take tu

225、rns paying for the meal,you are alternating paying.First one person pays,then the other person pays.If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays,you go on one Saturday and then pass over the next Saturday.You go to the movies one week,but not the other week.If you have no alternative,you have no o

226、ther choice.Sen from the Latin word means“old”.Think of words like“senior”and“senate”.Can you see the Latin root in there?Can you detect the meaning using this knowledge?A senior is an old person.You usually find old and wise people sitting in the Senate.To learn a language well,you need to use many

227、 strategies along the way.Learn as many of the root words as you can in the language you are studying.Then apply your“rooting for words”skills.When you recognize a root word in a new vocabulary word,dont be afraid to guess its meaning based on your understanding of the root.As with any new skill,pra

228、ctice and hard work are always paid back.POST-READING QUESTIONS1 Why does the author compare readers to detectives?2 What strategies have you learned to build your word power?3 Explore the following words and give more examples.Prefix/SuffixMeaningExampleMore wordsinter-betweeninternationalpre-befor

229、epreview-er/orone who.teacher-fulfull ofhandful UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSIf you apply something such as arule,system,or skill,you use it in asituation or activity.QUICK CHECK!51The word“panic”is a word that comes from the Greek language.Pan was a Greek god who liked to hunt and play music.He went th

230、rough the woods playing his special kind of flute.He often frightened people because of his odd appearance half-man,half-beast.When people met him,they were so filled with fear that they did not know what to do.They were in a panic.This is the origin of the word“panic”.A person in a panic is frighte

231、ned and at a loss about what to do.Often people in a panic do foolish things.UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSLanguage Learning beyond WordsTraditionally,language is viewed as a code.Its made up of words and a series of rules that connect words together.However,language is not a thing to be studied but a wa

232、y of seeing,understanding and communicating about the world.Story of PanicWhen we speak of ancestors,we are talking about all the people in our family who came before us our parents,grandparents,great grandparents,and so on.Most words have ancestors too.Here is a story that may be of interest to you

233、.Meanings of Chinese Characters Each Chinese character usually has one or more meanings and the combinations of different Chinese characters can form Chinese words with their own meanings.A great number of the Chinese characters formed the basis of the fascinating Chinese world and the Chinese cultu

234、re.The Chinese characters used today were developed from the oracle bone script with a history of over 3,000 years.The Chinese characters are known as logograms or symbols.The basic building blocks for the Chinese characters are called Chinese radicals.Oracle bone script is the setof incised(or,rare

235、ly,brush-written)ancient Chinese characters foundon oracle bones,which were animalbones or turtle shells used in divinationin Bronze Age China.DO YOU KNOW?52 UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSMan combined the sun and the moon to produce an ideograph for the meaning of being bright,brilliant or enlightened.Th

236、is is called“ming”.Do you know how“mei”is formed and what it means?Pants and TrousersUnderstanding the nature of the relationship between language and culture is central to the process of learning another language.In actual language use,it is not the forms of language that convey meaning but the lan

237、guage in its cultural context that creates meaning.So,its important to understand a language deeper beyond words.Sometimes,even in the same language,certain words have different meanings in different countries.See how these differences lead to misunderstanding or sometimes embarrassment.The punchlin

238、e of a joke or funnystory is its last sentence or phrase,which gives it its humour.When I was little,we moved to the Solomon Islands.On the eighteen-hour flight,I coloured and read joke books to keep myself busy.After we arrived and moved into our new home,I started school.I wanted to impress the ot

239、her children and to make friends,so I offered to tell the class a joke.The teacher invited me to stand in the front of the classroom.I asked,“Why did the man throw his pants out the window?”The class looked on in silence.No one responded.I waited to give my punchline and then finished the QUICK CHEC

240、K!53POST-READING QUESTIONS1 Why do people use the word“panic”to express the feeling of fear?2 Why didnt the class laugh when the author told the“Pants”joke?3 How do you understand“learn a language beyond words”?Unit ReflectionReview the whole unit and reflect on what you have learned.1 What are the

241、major methods people use to develop and create new words?2 What can we gain when we have a deeper insight into the language and culture of a foreign country?3 How do you understand the present continuous passive voice?What is its structure?Can you use it properly?UNIT 3 DANCING WITH WORDSjoke,“Becau

242、se he heard the newsboy shouting Free Press.”No one laughed,or even smiled.I explained,“Free Press,get it?He was talking about the newspaper,and the man thought he meant he could get his pants pressed.”The students looked at me silently.Finally,the teacher stepped in and asked,“Pants?Do you mean tro

243、users?”“Yeah,sure,I guess.”It wasnt a word that I had ever used.“Because we usually mean underpants when we say pants.”More Connections International Mother Language Day is a worldwide annual observance held on February 21.On that day,the UN agencies participate in events that promote linguistic and

244、 cultural diversity.Search the Web for“International Mother Language Day”to learn more about it.As one of the oldest surviving systems of writing,Chinese characters are recognized throughout East Asia despite the numerous variations in spoken language.More than simply written symbols,each Chinese ch

245、aracter is an expression of philosophy and art.Want to explore Chinese written language in English?Refer to the book Chinese Characters:Their Art and Wisdom.View the video about preserving endangered languages,in which Barry Mosses tells a story about language,culture,and people.544UNITCULTURE AND C

246、ULTURAL DIVERSITYA single flower does not make a spring.Chinese proverbWe are all different,which is great because we are all unique.Without diversity,life would be very boring.Catherine Pulsifer,English teacherDifference is of the essence of humanity.The answer to difference is to respect it.John H

247、ume,Irish politician55READING FOR MEANING1What Does Cultural Diversity Mean to You?BEFORE YOU READ1 What is cultural diversity to you?What would you expect to read in the text?2 How do you like cultural diversity?What do you think of going to study abroad?3 What is it like to communicate with people

248、 from a different culture?Cultural diversity is being practiced by people and organizations all over the world.What does cultural diversity mean to you?Lets read these different opinions from people around the world.Li Hua,a Chinese high school studentChina has its own unique cultural diversity.In o

249、ur country,we have 56 different nationalities,so there is plenty of variety and diversity.However,many traditions and attitudes towards life are shared by all the nationalities.We are all more similar than we are different.Under all the differences,there is an understanding that balance is very impo

250、rtant in life.In other countries around the world,this is not the case.There are often dramatic differences among cultures because the cultures come from every corner of the Earth.I think this is exciting.I would like to travel abroad and see other cultures so that I can learn more about what makes

251、us the same and what makes us unique.I would love to attend an international conference to interact with people of many different nationalities at once.balance:a situation in whichdifferent things exist in equal,corrector good amountsQUICK CHECK!56 UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYMs.Peters,a sc

252、hool librarian in the U.S.I enjoy working in my high school.We have at least ten international students coming to study here every year,and of course we have students of many different nationalities who were born or have moved here.I have really appreciated learning about other cultures and their tr

253、aditions.Even our teachers are multicultural.One of our math teachers is from India.When his daughter got married,he invited all of us to the wedding.It was a fantastic experience to toast the bride and bridegroom!It was the first time that I had been invited to a foreign wedding ceremony.I think it

254、 is good when we can learn about other customs and attitudes.That way,we understand and appreciate other cultures better.Dong Qian,a Chinese student studying in CanadaI was very surprised when I arrived in Canada to study.On campus,I saw so many Chinese students.It seemed that there were as many Asi

255、ans as there were Canadians.I also noticed many other races and nationalities all studying at this university.It was amazing.I felt the world was very small!This situation caused a little bit of a problem for me,though.Even though I was new to this university and nervous about my English,many people

256、 assumed I was Chinese-Canadian.I did not seem unusual to them.Once assume:to think or accept that sth.is true but without having proof of itQUICK CHECK!57Reading Comprehension1 According to Li Hua,what makes the Chinese people the same behind cultural diversity?2 How did Ms.Peters feel when she att

257、ended the wedding?3 What problem did Dong Qian face in Canada?4 What attitudes do Li Hua,Ms.Peters and Dong Qian have in common?5 Why is the text organized by different peoples experiences and ideas?6 What have you learned from the text about adapting to a different culture?Post-reading Activities1

258、Culture shock is the difficulty people have adjusting to a new culture that differs greatly from theirown.Anyone who has lived,studied,or even travelled in another country or place has lived throughsome level of culture shock.Talk about your experiences or feelings.UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERS

259、ITYAFTER YOU READmy classmates found out that I was a foreign student,they were very friendly and helpful.Much to my relief,now I am treated like just another international student.A merry expression returned to my face.With the increase in business,cultural differences between nations can complicat

260、e international interactions.Cultural diversity is a driving force of development,not only with respect to economic growth,but also when it comes to leading a more fulfilling and spiritual life.58 UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY SONGVerseIf you feel different deep insideLet that feeling grow.Y

261、ou are a star shining in the skySo let everybody know.When I see the colour of your skin,I see it is different than mine.It comes from a different place,But our cultures get along just fine.ChorusYou are part of a rainbowPart of the magic that is us.You are part of the same glowThat shines inside of

262、 us.Culture and Cultural DiversityYou may see things from a different angle,And I appreciate your point of view.And sometimes you learn from me,As much as I can learn from you.Repeat Chorus2 With the benefits of cultural diversity also come some challenges.Discuss and list the possiblechallenges of

263、meeting people from a different culture.3 How do you understand the sentence“We are all more similar than we are different”?Surf theInternet for more information to enrich your ideas.4“In order to learn about and appreciate other cultures,we should start by becoming more aware ofour own culture.”How

264、 do you understand this viewpoint?Share your ideas with your classmates.challengeslanguagefoodcustom59LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICE2Task One Introducing a Minority in ChinaIn this task,you will prepare a class presentation to introduce a minority in China.You will practice surfing the Internet and use w

265、ords and expressions related to cultural diversity.Step 1 Pre-task Resources 1View the video of an introduction to the Water-Splashing Festival and learn about Dai Minority.2Read the following passage and find more information about the culture of Dai Minority.Dai MinorityThe Dai,also sometimes spel

266、led Tai,are among the 55 officially listed Chinese ethnic minorities.They live primarily in the southwestern part of China and have their own customs and languages.As with most people in southern China,the Dai prefer rice.They eat many meats,including fish,chicken,duck,pork and beef,but they avoid l

267、amb.Dai food favours spicy and sour flavours.Traditional Dai houses are square or rectangular and have two floors.The top floor acts as a family living space while the bottom floor is for livestock and food storage.The Dai calendar starts with the Water-Splashing Festival,which occurs during the New

268、 Year of the Dai.This is the first Buddhist festival of the year as well as the most important Dai festival.Several tours allow tourists to see this interesting event,which lasts for three days.60 UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYParagraphMain idea1234Step 2 Task Cycle1Read the passage above and

269、 summarize the main idea of each paragraph.2Select a Chinese ethnic minority that interests you.Search for more detailed information about this minority by reading books or journals,or by surfing the Internet.3Organize your information in four or more slides and practice in English.4Share your prese

270、ntation with your group or class.Step 3 Language Focus A lexical chunk is a group of words that are commonly found together.These groups of words operate as single units and have a different meaning than the words themselves.Its believed that native speakers usually master hundreds of thousands of c

271、hunks to produce fluent and accurate speech.at home and abroad cultural diversity feel good It was amazing.grow up find out I would like to It is the first time thatThe examples listed above are taken from the text in Section 1.Now try to collect more lexical chunks from the passage in Step 1.61Task

272、 Two Relating Chinese Calligraphy to Your Chinese HandwritingIn this task,you will read a passage introducing Chinese calligraphy.You will discuss the charm of Chinese calligraphy and ways to improve your Chinese handwriting in your group.Step 1 Pre-task ResourcesRead a passage about a unique art fo

273、rm,Chinese calligraphy.About Chinese CalligraphyOver thousands of years,the writing of Chinese characters has developed into a highly regarded art form,which is often called Chinese calligraphy.Chinese calligraphy has been widely practiced in China and generally highly appreciated in the Chinese cul

274、ture.It is a means of expressing a persons inner world.Calligraphy conveys the feelings and character of the calligrapher.Appreciators of calligraphy can even tell the personality,temper or the change of the calligraphers social situation by appreciating his/her work.To practice calligraphy requires

275、 the basic tools of“Four Treasures of Study”(writing brush,ink stick,paper,and ink slab),which have been used by artists throughout Chinas history,from ancient to modern times.Today,although various changes have been made in Chinese calligraphy,people still love the ancient form and practice it as a

276、 hobby.Believe it or not,its unique charm has long been admired by people all over the world.UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYStep 2 Exploring the LanguageHere are some examples from the passage we have read.Chinese calligraphy has been widely practiced in China.various changes have been made in

277、 Chinese calligraphy,62 UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYSimilar to the present perfect in the active voice,the present perfect passive voice expresses and emphasizes a previous action or event that began in the past and continued up to the present and whose consequences have implications for th

278、e present.By using the passive voice,a speaker can emphasize an object from an active sentence.The children have eaten all the cookies.All the cookies have been eaten by the children.Find more sentences using the present perfect passive voice._Step 3 Task Cycle1Reread the passage in Step 1 and make

279、sure you understand every word in it.You can look up new words in your dictionary and write them down.2Discuss the following statements with your partner.Do you agree or not?Explain why.Calligraphy conveys the feelings and character of the calligrapher.Appreciators of calligraphy can even tell the p

280、ersonality,temper or the change of the calligraphers social situation by appreciating his/her work.3Appreciate the charm of Chinese calligraphy and relate it to your own Chinese handwriting.Are you satisfied with your Chinese handwriting?Examine your writing of Chinese characters and ask yourself“Is

281、 my handwriting good?”“What does it say about me?”.4Discuss and share your thoughts about ways to improve your handwriting.633USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXTProject Making a Poster for the Comparison between Chinese and Western FestivalsIn this project,you will investigate cultural diversity by comparing W

282、estern and Chinese festivals.Present your posters in class to share what you have learned.Step 1 Read and DiscussRead the passage and answer the following questions.Thanksgiving DayThanksgiving is a national holiday widely celebrated in North America.In the United States,it is celebrated every year

283、on the fourth Thursday in the month of November.Thanksgiving has a very interesting history.Its origin can be traced back to the 17th century.In 1620,the Pilgrims arrived in the New World from England;they were faced with terrible weather and difficult living conditions.Luckily,they received huge he

284、lp from the native Americans and were able to have a good harvest the following year.In the autumn of 1621,they held a big celebration to which 90 people,including the Natives,were invited.This dinner is popularly known as“The First Thanksgiving Feast”.These days in the U.S.,Thanksgiving is a time f

285、or family reunion.And family members usually gather on Thanksgiving Eve.Thanksgiving emphasizes family and harvests.Usually people have a four-day weekend so it is a popular time for trips to visit family and friends.Since Thanksgiving started as a harvest celebration,its no wonder that food plays a

286、n important part.Its said that more food is eaten during Thanksgiving than Christmas.Dinner typically includes a turkey.Sweet potatoes,pudding,yoghurt,wine and 6464cornbread often go with the meal.Desserts primarily apple,pumpkin and sweet potato pies follow the dinner.Thanksgiving Day is a time for

287、 many people to give thanks for what they have.While families dine privately,Thanksgiving contains public ceremonies and traditions,too.The Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade,for example,takes place every year in New York City.Additionally,the president of the United States traditionally“pardons”one luck

288、y turkey each year just before the Thanksgiving holiday.The chosen one is spared from the oven and is free to enjoy the rest of its life in the wild.1Do you think Thanksgiving Day is a family holiday?Why?2How do people celebrate Thanksgiving Day in the U.S.?Step 2 Listen and Fill in Blanks Listen an

289、d fill in the chart below.UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYhistory(years)date ofcelebration(lunar calendar)activities of celebration significancethe Mid-Autumn Festival65 UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYStep 3 Read and DiscussIn groups,examine the cultural diversity of festivals by comparin

290、g Thanksgiving Day and the Mid-Autumn Festival.Step 4 Search and CompareLook in the library and surf the Internet for one more Western festival and one more Chinese festival.Design a chart to compare when and how these festivals are celebrated as well as what food is served.Step 5 Make a Poster and

291、PresentCompare the two festivals.Make a poster with your group members and then present it.When is Thanksgiving Day?When is the Mid-Autumn Festival?Compare and contrast how the time of festivals is selected.What food is associated with Thanksgiving Day?What food is associated with the Mid-Autumn Fes

292、tival?Are there any similarities or differences in the significance of the food?How do people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival in China?How do people celebrate Thanksgiving Day in the U.S.?Do you see any similarities or differences?12366 UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYLearning tipsPosters are

293、 a great way to present information in a visual format to attract attention and get an idea across quickly.Here are some tips for making a good poster.Simplicity is the key:simple words,simple message,and simple design.The topic should be clear at a quick glance and appealing.Include pictures or cha

294、rts to help explain the project work.Check the spelling to avoid misspelled words.Evaluate yourself!Making critical judgment when reading the text about cultural diversityComparing festivals from different cultures using diagrams or tablesHaving confidence in communicating with people from a differe

295、nt culture ExcellentVery GoodGoodNeeds ImprovementCan you search and find more information about cultural diversity on the Internet?Can you briefly introduce Chinese calligraphy in English?How well have you done with the following?Tick the circles that best reflect your performance.67EXPANDING OUR H

296、ORIZONS4Cultural DiversityCultural diversity is important because it affects everyone.Cultural diversity includes age,sex,race,socio-economic class,national origin,region and appearance.These factors influence the cultural experiences and backgrounds of both individuals and groups.Cultural influence

297、s shape peoples view of the world.Culture is an important guiding force in peoples lives,shaping not only their opinions,but also their relationships with others and the world around them.Cultural groups share behavioural patterns,symbols,values and other characteristics that separate them from othe

298、r groups.It is important to note that individuals can be members of different groups at the same time.Understanding cultural diversity helps people gain a better understanding of the ways that cultural background influences ones values,thinking habits and relationships.The process of learning about

299、cultural diversity includes moving from a monocultural point of view to a multicultural one.Every culture has basic standards for social interaction,such as personal space,eye contact,amount of body language shown in public and communication style.In America,people stand about 18 inches away from ea

300、ch other when having a normal conversation;they prefer very direct eye contact;they use strong body language;and they talk very directly,always asking the other party for their“bottom multicultural:for or includingpeople of several different races,religions,languages and traditionsQUICK CHECK!68Atti

301、tude towards Cultural DiversityIs cultural diversity a good thing?Cultural diversity is important because our country,workplaces and schools consist of various cultural groups.We can learn from one another,which helps us understand different perspectives within the world in which we live.POST-READIN

302、G QUESTIONS1 Why is cultural diversity important?2 What are the characteristics of cultural groups?3 In your opinion,what effects does cultural diversity have on Chinese society and your own life?UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYline”.In other cultures people may prefer to stand closer or farthe

303、r away,and they may view direct eye contact as rude.They may be more or less open to using body language and they communicate more indirectly.Cultural diversity makes the world a much more interesting place for all of us.If we all thought alike,imagine how boring the world would be!Cultural69POST-RE

304、ADING QUESTIONS1 How do you understand“cultural diversity”?2 Do you agree with the opinion that“cultural diversity is a good thing”?Why?3 As a student,what can you do to support cultural diversity?In addition,cultural diversity helps us better understand that people from different cultures have diff

305、erent ways of doing things.Furthermore,this diversity m a k e s t h e w o r l d a m o r e interesting place to live in,as people from different cultures contribute more language skills,new ways of thinking,new knowledge and different experiences.How can we support cultural diversity?Increase our und

306、erstanding of other cultures by interacting with people outside of our own culture meaningful relationships may never develop simply due to misunderstanding.Avoid forcing other people to accept your cultural values.Be active in listening,accepting,and welcoming people and ideas that are different fr

307、om our own.Cultural diversity supports the idea that every person can make a unique and positive contribution to the larger society because of,rather than in spite of,their differences.Imagine a place where diversity is recognized and respected;various cultural ideas are valued;contributions from al

308、l groups are encouraged;people are empowered to achieve their full potential;and differences are celebrated.UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYcontribution:an action or a servicethat helps to cause or increase sth.QUICK CHECK!70Whats Wrong?Many corporations want to establish themselves in an inter

309、national market.However,even those big transnational corporations made errors and run into trouble because of language and cultural differences.Here are some examples.UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYvehicle:a thing that is used fortransporting people or goods fromone place to another,such as a

310、car orlorry/truckQUICK CHECK!The cake is finger-licking good!When Coca-Cola was first introduced in China,the name in Chinese was very strange.One of these translations of names for“Coca-Cola”sounded like“bite the wax tadpole”.Unfortunately,the company did not discover this until after thousands of

311、signs had been printed.It then researched 40,000 Chinese characters and found a close phonetic equivalent,ke-kou-ke-le,which can be loosely translated as“tasty and enjoyable”.Also,in Chinese,the Kentucky Fried Chicken slogan“finger-lickin good”came out as“eat your fingers off”.When General Motors in

312、troduced the Chevy Nova in South America,it did not know that no va means“it wont go”.After the company figured out why it wasnt selling any cars,it renamed the vehicle in its Spanish markets to the Caribe.When Parker Pen Company marketed a ballpoint pen in Mexico,its ads were supposed to say“It won

313、t leak in your pocket and embarrass you”.However,the company mistakenly thought the Spanish word embarazar meant embarrass.Instead,the ads said that“It wont leak in your pocket and make you pregnant”.71 UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITYUnit ReflectionReview the whole unit and reflect on what you

314、 have learned.1 What did you learn about culture and cultural diversity?2 What is a lexical chunk?How do lexical chunks help in learning and using English?3 With the development of globalization,what are the values of cultural diversity?POST-READING QUESTIONS1 What does“finger-lickin good”mean?2 Wha

315、t attitude does the author convey by using the word“Unfortunately”at the very beginning in thefirst sentence of the second paragraph?3 Have you seen any errors and mistakes in English translations of Chinese names,titles,signs,ads,etc.?How can we improve?More Connections For more knowledge about cul

316、tural diversity,you can read Cultural Diversity Fieldbook,by George F.Simons,Bob Abramms,L.Ann Horkins&Diane J.Johnson.The film Gandhi(1982)won eight Academy Awards,including Best Picture,Best Actor,and Best Director.It begins in the early part of the 20th century,when Mohandas K.Gandhi,a British-tr

317、ained lawyer,forsakes all worldly possessions to take up the cause of Indian independence.Faced with armed resistance from the British government,Gandhi adopts a policy of“passive resistance”,endeavoring to win freedom for his people without resorting to bloodshed.725UNITNATURAL DISASTERSAssist men

318、in their extremities and bring relief to men when in danger.Chinese proverbBetter safe than sorry.English proverbAfter great droughts come great rains.Dutch proverb731READING FOR MEANINGEarthquakesBEFORE YOU READ1 Do you know any of the natural disasters below?Match the pictures with the words and t

319、hen describeone of them to your class.2 View the video of the earthquake in Indonesia and write down the key words.3 Skim the whole text,looking closely at the heading and sub-headings.Predict what the main points are going to be.You hear a low loud sound.The ground begins to shake.Its an earthquake

320、!Earthquakes can be extremely deadly and horrible.Many last a minute or less,but that is more than enough time to create damage and scare anyone.In those few seconds,an entire region can be destroyed.Buildings and bridges break down.People are caught,unable to move.Millions die in earthquakes.Even a

321、fter an earthquake ends,the damage continues.Fires break out,creating even more damage than the earthquake itself.Why do earthquakes happen?The top layer of our planet seems solid to us.In fact its made up of huge pieces.These pieces are called plates,which are always moving A B C DE Fflood()earthqu

322、ake()typhoon()tsunami()drought()volcanic eruption()plate:(1)a flat,usually round,dishthat you put food on(2)one of thevery large pieces of rock that form theEarths surfaceQUICK CHECK!74 UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSvery slowly.Sometimes plates slide past each other.Sometimes they push against each other.

323、In some places,plates pull away from each other.All these movements create pressure underground.The pressure builds up,causing large rocks to break.A huge amount of energy is given off,some of which travels through the ground and reaches the surface.This can cause terrible damage.Sometimes,the movem

324、ents underground can also create a volcano.If a volcano were to erupt in a downtown area of any city,you can imagine the horrible damage it could cause.Big earthquakes can lift large stones off the ground.The ground can shake so much that buildings fall down like a house of cards.Highways break.Cars

325、 may be buried.Its impossible to stand or run during a bad earthquake.People become helpless.Earthquakes are one of the deadliest natural disasters that the world has ever experienced.Earthquake Records in ChinaThe Chinese had a written language long before most others and recorded many things,inclu

326、ding earthquakes.Many of these records were lost,while some survived.The earliest recorded earthquake happened in China in 1831 BCE.Thats almost 4,000 years ago!It was written in Sima Qians Records of the Grand Historian that in 780 BCE,an earthquake was powerful enough to change the courses of thre

327、e rivers.In 1976,an earthquake hit near Tangshan,causing 242,769 deaths.In 2008,a big earthquake broke out at Wenchuan,Sichuan Province.It was the most serious earthquake in China after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.75 UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSThe Richter scale is a scale ofnumbers used to measure the

328、 sizeof earthquakes.Charles Richterdeveloped the Richter scale in 1935.DO YOU KNOW?Preventing DisasterWe cant stop earthquakes.But we can sometimes foretell them.Scientists know several warning signs that an earthquake is about to happen.One of these is a change in underground water levels.Sometimes

329、 rocks move around just before an earthquake.This causes water underground to move,too.In early February 1975,a radio program warned the people of Haicheng to leave immediately.Scientists had noticed that water levels in wells were changing,followed by small shaking movements of the Earth.On Februar

330、y 4,there was a powerful earthquake that measured 7.5 on the Richter scale.Thousands of buildings broke down.Some people died.But it could have been much deadlier without the warning.Disaster Prevention&Reduction Day in ChinaChina is one of the countries in the world that suffer the most natural dis

331、asters.Along with global climate changes as well as its own economic takeoff and progress,China is experiencing increasing pressure on resources and environment.The prevention of and response to natural disasters have become more serious.In the wake of the Wenchuan earthquake,the Chinese government

332、decided to make May 12“Disaster Prevention&Reduction Day”,starting in 2009.An official document has been written to mark the first anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake and Chinas first“Disaster Prevention&Reduction Day”.Educational brochures and posters were given to millions of homes to help peop

333、le learn what to do when an earthquake happens.On May 12,the national Disaster Prevention&Reduction Day,various disaster emergency drills are carried out in different places in China.76Reading Comprehension1 Why does the author begin the text with the second personal pronoun“you”?2 What is the topic

334、 sentence in Paragraph 2?3 In Paragraph 3,how is the word“seems”in the second sentence related to the expression“In fact”in the third sentence?4 How many people lost their lives in the Tangshan earthquake?5 Sometimes earthquakes can be foretold.Against which earthquake were people warned inadvance?H

335、ow were they warned?6 Complete the outline of the text,using the proper word in the box.AFTER YOU READPost-reading Activities1 Do you know any story in which someone survived an earthquake?Share the story in your group.2 Use the Internet and/or the library to find an article,podcast or video clip ab

336、out the Tangshanearthquake.Discuss in groups and record the main points using an appropriate graphic organizer.3 Severe earthquakes are horrible natural disasters.Make a list of the ten most destructiveearthquakes in human history.You may visit some trustworthy websites to get the right information.

337、4 In a group discussion with your classmates,share your thoughts about how to protect ourselves inan earthquake.UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSearthquakeintroduction_ earthquakes_ why earthquakes happensevere _ caused by earthquakesin _,the earliest recordin _,the Tangshan earthquakein _,the Wenchuan earth

338、quakesigns of an _an _ of earthquake preventionChinas _ to natural disasterspreventionearthquakeexampledeadlyrecords1976reactionresults1831 BCEreasons200877LEARNING THROUGH PRACTICE2Task One Designing a Bug-out BagWe cannot stop a natural disaster,but we can do something to reduce the damage caused

339、by it.In this task,you will design a bug-out bag and explain how to use it.Step 1 Pre-task Resources Read the passage and get an idea about a bug-out bag.Build a Bug-out BagThe bug-out bag is simply a way to carry the things you will need to survive while on the move.To some,the bug-out bag is desig

340、ned to see you through the first three days of a disaster,until you can reach a safe place.To others,it is designed to get you through extreme disasters.They have to survive long term with the tools and supplies.You can prepare the contents of your own bug-out bag.The bug-out bag is the central plac

341、e to put all your tools a package that you can quickly catch and easily move with.You should have one bag for every member of your family that is old enough or able to carry at least some of their own tools.Your bug-out bag may include the following items:the bag itself and the clothing you will be

342、wearing additional clothing shelter-making tools and sleeping system fire-making tools and materials water supply food supply first aid box means of self-defense and family protection78 UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSMy Bug-out BagCategoryItemsFunctionWaterwater bottleWater is the most important thing to e

343、nsure our survival because it is basic daily supply.We can use the bottle for water drinking.FoodClothingLightFirst aidToolsStep 2 Task Cycle 1Discuss with your partner.What is a bug-out bag?What should be put into a bug-out bag?2View the pictures in the box.Design your own bug-out bag and fill in t

344、he blanks.axehatcompassbootjacketfirst aid boxtentblanketpot and panwater bottlegloveflashlightbiscuitknife79PicturesGrouping UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSTask Two Listing Some Tips for Pre-disaster Preparedness The need to get well-prepared before natural disasters cannot be ignored.In this task,you wil

345、l understand the significance of pre-disaster preparedness and list some tips for it.Step 1 Pre-task Resources Read the passage and pay attention to the attributive clauses.All of us prepare in many ways,for many reasons,and for different needs.Even though preparing for tough times that natural disa

346、sters bring isnt common,it still makes a great deal of sense.As we all know,tough times happen.There isnt a place on the Earth thats free from Mother Natures worst.You cant stop a disaster,but you can do your best to lower the harm it brings.Preparedness is a way of life that recognizes bad things d

347、o happen.For example,your car may run out of gas 25 miles away from the nearest town at midnight.Being prepared calls for you to pay attention to the smaller things that contribute to the larger potential problems after a disaster.To some,survival planning is done by people who worry too much.Actual

348、ly,preparedness isnt about the end of the world.Its about every day.Its about the Step 3 Language FocusWhen you know about vocabulary learning strategies,your vocabulary will be surely enlarged.Can you use the following two strategies to learn new words in Section 1?Explain your way with some exampl

349、es.New words can be learned by studying them with the pictures of their meaning instead of definition,for example,volcano,brochure and poster.I have learned some words with the help of their pictures,such as _.Words belonging to each meaning category are organized into groups naturally,which is an i

350、mportant way to aid recall,for example,earthquake,volcano and hurricane.I have learned some words by grouping them,such as_.80 UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSHere are some attributive clauses from the passage above:.tough times that natural disasters bring.the neighbourhood thats regrouping.Step 3 Task Cyc

351、le Make a good plan and your family will be prepared in the event of an emergency or disaster.Brainstorm some disaster preparedness tips with your partner and later share them in groups.Remember to use attributive clauses to convey more specific information.Know what kind of disaster well face.Know

352、how well reconnect with people who matter.Have a box Keep in mind people Learn emergency skills Can you see the rules now?Here they are:We usually put an attributive clause after the modified noun or pronoun.“That”and“which”are relative pronouns,which introduce attributive clauses.They replace eithe

353、r the subjects or the objects of these clauses.Find more attributive clauses from the texts in Section 1&2:_neighbourhood thats regrouping after the storm and the small town after the tornado.Those who are best prepared continually develop knowledge and new techniques that allow them to make the bes

354、t use of whats at hand.Step 2 Exploring the Language 813USING ENGLISH IN CONTEXTProject Creating a Brochure of Survival TipsSuppose in a couple of days,you and your classmates will take part in a public event to let more people know how to survive during a disaster.You need to make a brochure to pub

355、licize some survival tips.Your brochure may focus on one disaster or many disasters.Step 1 View,Read and Discuss Below is a brochure aimed at warning people of the wildfire in California.View the material carefully and answer the following questions.1Why is the background of the document red?What do

356、es the red colour mean here?2Why are the six“Ps”repeated in the second line?3You already know the word“place”.Can you find any rules about the word“irreplaceable”based on your word building knowledge?4Discuss with your partner.Is there anything interesting about the first item“People and pets”?Will

357、it make a difference if we change it to“People and animals”?Step 2 View and Summarize Below is a brochure about extreme heat.Read this material carefully and summarize the specific content with your partner.REMEMBER THE SIX“Ps”KEEP THESE SIX“Ps”READY IN CASE IMMEDIATE EVACUATION IS REQUIRED:People a

358、nd pets Papers,phone numbers&important documents Prescriptions and eyeglasses Pictures and irreplaceable objects Personal computer hard drive and disks “Plastic”(credit cards,ATM cards)and cash 82 UNIT 5NATURAL DISASTERSHeat-related deaths are preventableWHAT:Extreme heat or heat waves occur when th

359、e temperature reaches extremely high levels or when the combination of heat and humidity causes the air to become oppressive.WHERE:HOW to AVOID:WHO:ChildrenOlder adultsMore males than females are affectedStay hydrated with water,avoid sugary beveragesWear lightweight,light-coloured,loose-fitting clo

360、thesStay cool in an air conditioned areaCarsOutside Temperature 27oCTime Elapsed:20 minutesTime Elapsed:40 minutesTime Elapsed:60 minutesDuring extreme heat the temperature in your car could be deadly!Outside workersPeople with disabilitiesHouses with littleto no ACConstructionsites83 UNIT 5 NATURAL

361、 DISASTERSSituationsInstructionsIn fast-movingwater Dont _.Remain calm.Dont try to _ _ of it.You will get extremely tired.Float on the water on your _.Keep your _ up to watch for objects.Look for eddies that can give you enough _.In slower-moving water Roll onto your _.Swim upstream at a _-degree an

362、gle towards your target._ and swim early.Step 3 Listen,Fill in Blanks and MatchHere are two short passages about how to keep safe.Listen to them carefully and complete the tasks as required.1Sometimes people are fortunate to move out before a disaster occurs.Sometimes not.Below are some survival tip

363、s for when people are caught in a flash flood.Listen to the first passage and fill in the blanks.2When you are safe and sound,you may want to offer help to those who badly need it.Listen to the second passage and match what you should do to different situations.(1)If you have rescued the person from

364、 the water,you shoulda.call 120 for help.(2)If the person is fully conscious,you canb.help him lie down on a coat with his head lower than the rest of the body.(3)Even if the person appears to recover fully,you should c.give him a warm drink.84Step 4 Work Together and Make Your Group BrochureChoose

365、a topic for the brochure with your group members.And then design and make the brochure together,including the important information and words and expressions you have learned from the previous tasks.UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERS Useful expressions Life is precious;A flood can cause many deaths;Put the sa

366、fety of people first;Put people before property;Dont walk or drive through floodwater;Dont walk on riverbanks;Bear in mind that bridges may be dangerous;Wash hands thoroughly;Remember to remain calm;Dont panic;Gather essential items;Turn off gas,electricity and water;Call 120 for help.Evaluate yours

367、elf!Can you predict the main idea of the text according to its title?Can you briefly introduce a disaster by using some connectives?How well have you done with the following?Tick the circles that best reflect your performance.ExcellentVery GoodGoodNeeds ImprovementUsing attributive clauses to create

368、 my brochure of survival tipsUnderstanding the meaning of the titles and illustrations of the textFinding more information about preventing disasters by referring to relevant books85EXPANDING OUR HORIZONSZhang Heng and the SeismographIt was not known over 2,000 years ago that earthquakes were caused

369、 by the movement of plates.However,did you know that the exhibition hall of National Museum of China in Beijing contains a model of the first seismograph?The inventor was said to be Zhang Heng,a famous scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty(25 220 AD).Zhang Heng(78 139 AD)was from Nanyang in Henan Pro

370、vince.He worked very hard and was especially fond of calendars and mathematics.In 132 AD,in the then national capital of Luoyang,Zhang Heng made the ancient seismograph to determine the direction of an earthquake.It was made of fine copper and looked like a big cup.The instrument had eight dragons o

371、n the surface(whose heads pointed in eight directions east,south,west,north,southeast,northeast,southwest,and northwest),and each dragon had a copper ball in its mouth.On the ground below the dragons,there were eight copper toads raising their heads and opening their mouths opposite the dragons mout

372、hs.The inner side of the seismograph was creatively constructed:when an earthquake occurred,the dragon facing that direction would open its mouth,and the ball would fall into the toads mouth,showing the direction of the earthquake.One day in 138 AD,the dragon in the west expelled its ball.As expecte

373、d,an earthquake occurred that day in Longxi(present-day western Gansu Province)1,000 kilometres away.It is believed by many that was the first time for humans to use an instrument to detect an earthquake.It was over 1,700 years later that a similar instrument was invented in Europe.4National Museum

374、of China is located on the eastern side of TiananmenSquare in Beijing,China.The museumsmission is to educate about the artsand history of China.It is one ofthe largest museums in the world.DO YOU KNOW?86People think highly of Zhang Heng,a great scientist who lived more than 1,800 years ago,and they

375、often hold activities to show respect for him.A ring of hills on the moon was named after him.Typhoon Season in Japan UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSPOST-READING QUESTIONS1 What do you know about Zhang Heng and his contributions?2 What does the word“expel”in Paragraph 3 mean?3 What do people do to honour Z

376、hang Heng according to the last paragraph of the text?The Japanese islands are often strongly affected by the Pacific Typhoon Season from May to October each year.August and September are the typhoon season in Japan.“Typhoon”is the standard international term to describe hurricanes that occur in the

377、 northern Pacific.On average,the Pacific experiences 25 tropical cyclones,with 11 of these occurring close to Japan and 3 directly hitting the country.In recent years,typhoon seasons have become much 87Cultural Influences on Disaster ManagementPOST-READING QUESTIONS1 How long does the Pacific Typhoo

378、n Season usually last?2 What are the most common dangers of typhoons?3 Why is Japan often stricken by typhoons?Probably now more than ever,there is an increasing need for international cooperation in disaster management.What problems arise if people of different cultures interact in a disaster situa

379、tion?Here is a story from the Mt.Pinatubo eruption management in the Philippines.UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSstronger,with 30 or more storms.Some have even become“super typhoons”with winds greater than 240 km/h.In Japan,heavy rain from typhoons can cause landslides that take out entire communities.Somet

380、imes the government issues warnings against a heavy rain.Typhoon waves arent fit for surfing.Its a bad idea to go anywhere near a shoreline during a big typhoon.Deaths often result from curious people heading to the beach to take a look at the waves.At these times,its best to stay indoors.Immediatel

381、y after a typhoon,broken glass and other dangerous items may be lying around.Once the typhoon ends,good weather comes.The air often seems very fresh and the sky unusually clear.The storm seems to clear away the dirty things in the air.If youre a surfer,you will feel happy about it,as waves are often

382、 large after a typhoon.surf:(1)to take part in the sport of ridingon waves on a surfboard(2)to use theInternetQUICK CHECK!88 UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSThe Mt.Pinatubo eruption in 1991 is one of the largest and most damaging natural disasters in Philippine history.About 550 people lost their lives.Ther

383、e were serious damages to houses,farmland,fishponds and bridges.The Mt.Pinatubo eruption was the true test of disaster management in the Philippines.Experts from the Philippines with their American counterparts,people of totally different cultures,had to work together in solving problems.One day,an

384、American and a team of scientists were marching to an air base.It would take ten minutes if they could cross a river before reaching the base,or two hours if they had to take the long way around.The bridge was blocked by the police,headed by a military official from the Philippines,a country with va

385、lues of high power distance.The American asked the Philippine military official if he and his team could cross the bridge.He argued that there was an emergency.Unfortunately,his request was turned down.When the American continued arguing,the Philippine military official turned and walked away.With h

386、is American values of low power distance,the American thought that problems should be solved in a direct way.But,this was not a good way to negotiate in the Philippines,especially with a person of authority.If the American had treated the official with more respect,explained his task in more detail,

387、and referred to names of higher authority,the negotiation would have followed a different direction.This miscommunication shows that cross-culture understanding becomes an important factor in successful disaster management.The ability to realize and bear cultural differences can lead to a more succe

388、ssful and satisfying interaction in coping with disasters in the future not only in the Philippines.Power distance refers tothe amount of respect betweena person of higher rank and thatof lower rank.DO YOU KNOW?89POST-READING QUESTIONS1 How is the U.S.different from the Philippines in power distance

389、?2 Where did the story take place?3 Why didnt the Philippine military official permit the American to cross the river?Unit ReflectionReview the whole unit and reflect on what you have learned.1 Some people believe that disasters make us stronger.What have you learned in this unit about protecting yo

390、urself and other people in the event of a natural disaster?2 Do you think there is a link between human activities and natural disasters over the past few years?If yes,then what should we do to reduce the risk of disasters of this kind?3 What is an attributive clause?What have you learned about the

391、structure and use of attributive clauses in this unit?UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERSMore Connections Losing a loved one in a natural disaster is a traumatic experience for anyone.It is especially true for children.If you want to learn more about the pains that children suffer from natural disasters,try to

392、 find useful information online.Here are some key words for your reference:child trauma,trauma types,frightening event,young children,sense of safety.The year 2016 is the 40th anniversary of the Tangshan earthquake.What happened at that time?If you want to know more about it,try to read China Daily

393、online.First,find the official website of China Daily and type the phrase“Tangshan earthquake”in the search box.Many relevant results will show up and you will learn more tales of survival in the Tangshan earthquake.90APPENDICES91My Notes92WRAP IT UP!UNIT 1 BEING A TEENAGER Build Your VocabularyA De

394、scribe each emoji with a proper word.B Replace the blue part in each sentence with a proper word.1Have you changed the thin cloth on your bed?()2The child ran down the steps between two floors.()3A plane moved quickly in one direction across the sky.()4I dont have much communication with my uncle.()

395、5The book aims to cover all parts or features of city life.()6 He is the director of the finance department.()7The most important problem we face now is pollution.()C Fill in the blanks with the proper words.The first letter is given.The winter holiday is coming.Next week,all the junior and(1)s_ _ _

396、 _ _ high school students will have an exam.Li Ming feels(2)c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and has no pressure because he is well prepared.However,his classmate and best friend Wang Fei feels(3)a_ _ _ _ _ _.Wang Fei doesnt dare to face the(4)c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ because his attitude towards his studies is not right.A

397、s a matter of fact,he(5)p_ _ _ _ _s to play basketball and he wants to become a(6)p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ basketball player.Its really hard to(7)d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ how he is feeling now.1234c_ _ _ _ _ _ _tfr_ _ _ _ _ _ _dc_ _ma_ _ _ _ _s93WRAP IT UP!Grammar Grammar Makes SenseA Read the following answers

398、 and then provide their questions.1His uniform made him handsome to me._2The gardener looked after his garden with great care._3The little girl was very proud of her new school._4Living a colourful life is a great dream of my life._5You need to be very kind to make friends easily._B Complete the sen

399、tences with the proper phrases in the box.1The kid was not shy _ with adults around.2Just now,_ with their teacher walked by me.3For _,friends play a big part in daily life.4He says he understands many people are _ losing their jobs and businesses.5She could see her grandmother standing _ of the far

400、m house.C Complete the passage with the proper phrases in the box.(1)_,our teacher introduced himself and asked us to get to know someone.I stood up to look around when(2)_ touched my shoulder.I turned around to find(3)_ lady with a warm smile.She said,“Hi,handsome.My name is Rose.Im eighty-seven ye

401、ars old.”“Why are you in school at(4)_?”I asked.She answered,“Im here to meet a rich husband,get married,have(5)_,and then retire and travel.”I knew she was joking.“I always dreamed of having a university education and now Im getting one!”she told me.We became friends.(6)_ we talked nonstop after cl

402、ass.I always enjoyed(7)_ as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.And Rose easily made friends wherever she went.a teenager a group of kids near the door at all quite upset aboutlistening to her every day a gentle hand a little old on the first day of schoolsuch a YOUNG age a couple of kids 9

403、4WRAP IT UP!UNIT 2 FRIENDSHIP Build Your VocabularyA Match the words with their explanations.1press a.money in the form of bills or coins2originalb.to cause something to approach or prevent it from moving away3congratulation c.to apply pressure or force to or upon4cashd.not far away5 effort e.an exp

404、ression of pleasure at the success or good fortune of another6 nearby f.being as first made or performed7attractg.something that is lost 8lossh.use of physical or mental energy B Complete the sentences with the proper words.The first letter is given.1Leave a g_ _ between your car and the next.2The t

405、hree friends formed a rock b_ _ _,which turned out to be a great success.3Learning should be a process of active exploration instead of p_ _ _ _ _ _ acceptance.4If he refuses to a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for what he did,I will not forgive him.5Please r_ _ _ _ _ me of the meeting,in case I forget.6 I find it

406、quite boring to c_ _ _ with those who are lacking in humour.7H_ _ your kids and tell them you love them.8The twins look s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ different or almost the same.C Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.When I was nine,I had a friend named Joy.We first met at the school(

407、1)_.We became friends because she was always(2)_ about my abilities which others doubted.I didnt like reading.It made me feel(3)_.However hard I(4)_,I was just unable to make any difference.(5)_ I had Joy,who would hold my hand down a sandy dirt road in southeastern New Mexico,talking to me about th

408、e latest Nancy stress fortunate positive struggle gym intelligent effectmemory explore generous95WRAP IT UP!Drew book.Gradually,her story-telling took(6)_ on me.I became interested in what she was reading and she was so(7)_ that she lent me some Nancy Drew books.Today as a student in an Ivy League u

409、niversity,I am often referred to as an(8)_ student.However,I am well aware that it was my dear childhood friend,Joy,who gave me the joy of reading and opened the door to learning and(9)_ the world for me in the first place.Those childhood times will always be the most valuable(10)_ to me.Grammar Gra

410、mmar Makes SenseA Complete the sentences according to the clues given in brackets using correct tenses.1Mr.Zhang didnt want to buy the house because he _.(start a business with the money)2I dont think Joseph told me the truth so I _.(find it out myself)3 The football match was put off until the next

411、 day when _.(the weather be fine)4 As Lynn has put a lot of effort into the project,her teacher is sure she _.(make it)5Jane decided that she _ for the weekend.(stay at home)6Susan _ her friend who she had not seen for years.(pay a visit to)B Read the passage and decide whether the simple future ten

412、se and the past future tense are used correctly.Tick()the right ones and correct the wrong ones.One day,three years ago,a friend of mine came to say goodbye to me as he(1)will move to Shanghai the next week.We chatted for the whole afternoon about the good times we had and our plans for the future.H

413、e said he(2)was going to settle down in Pudong where his girlfriend worked and they(3)would get married soon.I offered my congratulations and promised that I(4)will attend his wedding.Half a year passed,I still didnt get any news from him.So I texted him asking about his marriage.He called back sayi

414、ng he(5)is not going to get married because his girlfriend had gone abroad for her postgraduate education.Last week,I got an email from my friend inviting me to attend his wedding ceremony.It(6)was going to be held in New York.Of course,I will be there as I have promised.96WRAP IT UP!UNIT 3 DANCING

415、WITH WORDS Build Your VocabularyA Look at the pictures and then complete the words according to the given letters.B Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.1Mr.Smith made some _(comment)about Judys vocabulary test.2Language _(contain)so many things besides vocabulary l

416、earning.3We have learned a _(vary)of loanwords in English.4With the deadline _(approach),I have to work hard on my project.5This is a general introduction to what the book is all about it is not just a _(describe)of the contents of each section.C Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the word

417、s in the box.There are two words you do not need.Many students complain that its difficult to(1)_ a foreign language.In the(2)_ of learning,various methods may be used to complete learning tasks.These methods are called learning(3)_,which can be divided into two categories some are(4)_ on ones own t

418、hinking while others are more determined by the specific nature of the task and the resources.Students who reflect on their learning are able to acquire and(5)_ new information and skills.base master context process represent strategy apply1c_ _ _ _5_ _ _ _ o2f_ _ _ _ _6el_ _ _ _ _ _ i _ _3_ _ r_7a_

419、 _ _ _ _ _ t _ _ _4_ _ _ _ e_8_ _ _ e97WRAP IT UP!Grammar Grammar Makes SenseA Tick the correct choice for each sentence.1Chinese(is learning/is being learned)in many countries.2My sister(gave/was given)an electronic dictionary as a birthday gift.3Our school(is building/is being built)a new library.

420、We hope it can be finished soon.4 Have you moved into the new house?Not yet,the rooms(are being painted/have been painted).B Match the three parts of the sentences.Then write the sentences with the present continuous passive voice.Dialects killin the libraryAntelopes doin our countryThe files show i

421、n the cinema nowGood thingskeepto save the local environmentThe film protect for the wool beneath their stomachs1Dialects are being protected in our country.2_3_4_5_C Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the given words in brackets.Chinese(1)is being learned(learn)by over 40 million foreigne

422、rs all over the world and theres a huge jump in recent years.In Japan,the most popular foreign language after English is Chinese.One million students(2)_(teach)Chinese in schools in Korea.France has more people studying Chinese than anywhere else in Europe.How do you feel when you hear fluent Chines

423、e spoken by foreigners?Some tests for Chinese are being taken in 35 countries and 330,000 foreigners have taken the tests.Thus,millions of Chinese teachers(3)_(send)abroad as volunteers every year.Why is Chinese so popular nowadays?First,rapid progress(4)_(make)in China and more businessmen are bein

424、g attracted to this eastern country.Second,the rich culture and long history have long been drawing the attention of people in other countries.At last,China is playing an increasingly important role on the world stage and more miracles(5)_(perform)by Chinese people.98WRAP IT UP!UNIT 4 CULTURE AND CU

425、LTURAL DIVERSITY Build Your VocabularyA Match the words with their explanations.B Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.There is one word you dont need.China is a large country.About 1.4 billion people live in China,including 56 ethnic groups.In(1)_ to Han people,there ar

426、e the Tibetans,the Mongols,the Manchus and so on.Like people in different countries,cultures in China are(2)_ influenced by geography and history.(3)_ within communities have created their own cultures,which(4)_ to the cultural diversity in China.Some customs have been(5)_ more than one thousand yea

427、rs and still observed by the Chinese,but some of them are slightly different from the north to the south.C Read the passage and complete the missing word with one letter on each line.The first letter is given.The Lantern Festival in China is a u_ _ _ _ _ event,which is on the 15th of the first lunar

428、 month.Celebrations and t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _s on this day date back to the Western Han Dynasty.Hanging and looking at lanterns,guessing lantern riddles and eating sweet dumplings are the three main activities to observe the festival.While people admire the lanterns and guess lantern riddles,they can get

429、 mini lanterns as presents and even a small a_ _ _ _ _ of money.In my o_ _ _ _ _ _,making sweet dumplings with various fillings is a merry experience for a family reunion.addition individual contribution living acquire highly 1opinion2conference3unique4merry5assume6occur7prefer8vehiclea.cars,buses o

430、r trucksb.to like betterc.to happend.feelings or thoughts about sb./sth.e.formal meetingf.unusual and specialg.happyh.to guess and think99WRAP IT UP!Grammar Grammar Makes SenseA Xinxin and Jackie wrote down some sentences with the present perfect tense and the present perfect passive voice.Which sen

431、tences are correct?Tick or cross.Now help them correct the mistakes and sort out the verbs into the boxes below.Add some if you can think of more.B Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets.Peking Opera is a form of Chinese opera which combines music,vocal performance,mime

432、,dance and acrobatics.It(1)_(perform)for almost 200 years.Over time,Peking Opera(2)_(experience)periods of full bloom,diminishing popularity and near extinction.But in the end,it has still been passed down from generation to generation.In recent years,numerous reforms(3)_(attempt)in response to audi

433、ences reaction.These reforms,which include improving performance quality,adapting new performance elements and performing new and original plays,(4)_(meet)with mixed success.The form(5)_(regard)as one of the cultural treasures of China.It(6)_(spread)to many other countries.1 The bridge has been buil

434、t to support very heavy loads.2 Global warming has been happened at various times in the past two million years.3 Has the patients temperature been taken?4 Nearly one third of the Great Wall has disappeared without trace.1 In some parts of the world,traditional festivals and celebrations have been d

435、isappeared.2 Some new books have been delivered to the school.3 The seat near the window has taken already.4 This baby has been given a lot of love and care by its mother.XinxinJackieTransitive verbsIntransitive verbsbuildhappen100WRAP IT UP!UNIT 5 NATURAL DISASTERS Build Your VocabularyA Circle the

436、 correct answers.1Some _ crimes were committed by teenagers.A badB original C horrible D political2It _ him to realize how close he had come to losing his life.A scared B worried C excited D interested 3If there is no way out,_ action may be one choice.A professional B quick C military D civil 4The

437、guest of the hotel had _ that the door to her room be left open.A ordered B requestedC said D complained5 They have different opinions.They are _ over foreign policy.A talking B arguing C speakingD telling 6Then,without warning,she _ into laughter.A falls B erupts C goes D movesB Complete the news r

438、eport with the correct forms of the words or phrases in the box.A strong earthquake struck Christchurch,New Zealand,on Tuesday,according to the United States Geological Survey.Buildings(1)_ and buried vehicles.(2)_ said the earthquake caused many(3)_.Most people were lucky and(4)_.Damage was extensi

439、ve and people were trapped inside buildings,the Associated Press reported.Video from the scene showed damage to the(5)_ area as well as people running through the streets to safety.One person called it“the most frightening thing of my entire life”.The earthquake hit Christchurch,on the countrys Sout

440、h Island,just before 1 p.m.It was the latest in a series of large earthquakes to(6)_ the area in recent months.The New Zealand Herald reported that phone lines were down,that broken water mains had(7)_ city streets and that fires had(8)_.strike break out collapse flood downtown death authority survi

441、ve101WRAP IT UP!Grammar Grammar Makes SenseA Put brackets around the italicized relative pronoun if it can be omitted.1We talked about the earthquake which claimed many peoples lives.2The paintings which Mr.Wang had lost in the flood were worth around 100,000 yuan.3Lets go through the main points th

442、at Professor Zhao made in her lecture about natural disasters.4He received a low mark for his essay which had been finished in a hurry and had many spelling mistakes.5David is a friend whom we would like to turn to if we meet some troubles in India.6The couple who live next to us have a pet dog and

443、they love it very much.7 Kate is unwilling to make any specific plan for the holiday that she longs for.8 The villagers offered a lot of help to the foreigners who were caught in a flash flood.B Tick()the right sentences and correct the wrong ones.1There is something that I should tell you.()2I will

444、 never forget the days when we spent together.()3Air,without that man cant live,is really important.()4It may be the most important decision that you will ever make.()5 I heard many different accents what I could not identify.()6There isnt much can go wrong with the machine.()C Your friend is writin

445、g a formal letter to his teacher to express thanks.Help him find the grammatical mistakes in the italicized part and correct them.You teach me how to think in a careful way.You are like a scientist(1)whom is concerned with many problems.Besides,you are so knowledgeable.You opened my eyes and made me

446、 see the world(2)that I had never imagined.I still remember one lesson(3)in that you told us about your hopes for your future when you were our age.I was greatly moved at that time and I made up my mind to work harder and become a top student(4)when you really wanted me to be.You taught me the impor

447、tance of hard work in life(5)what Ill carry throughout my life with me.I will never forget it.102iPRONUNCIATION元音字母和元音字母组合读音规则(reading rules of vowels and vowel combinations)different103辅音和辅音字母组合读音规则表不发音 不发音 不发音 不发音 辅音字母和辅音字母组合读音规则(reading rules of consonants and consonant combinations)PRONUNCIATION

448、104VOCABULARY Unit 1105VOCABULARY Unit 2106VOCABULARY Unit 3107VOCABULARY Unit 4108VOCABULARY Unit 5109VOCABULARY 110VOCABULARY 111VOCABULARY 112VOCABULARY 113VOCABULARY 114VOCABULARY 115VOCABULARY 116VOCABULARY 117LIST OF PROPER NAMES118LIST OF PROPER NAMES119过去将来时 the past future tense一、概念过去将来时表示“

449、从过去某一时间点看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态”。二、构成 would do was/were going to do was/were to do was/were doing 三、用法1 表示从过去某一时间点看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：She hoped that they would meet again someday.They said it would be fine the next day.2 表示过去的打算和意图或过去“势必”要发生某种事态。例如：He was going to start work the following week.Dark clouds we

450、re gathering;it was going to rain.3 表示过去的计划、安排或注定要发生的事情。例如：He said he was to meet his friend at the station at 4 p.m.At that time he did not know that quitting the job was to become the turning point in his life.4 go、come、leave、start、have、take等动词一般用过去进行时表示过去将来时。例如：I didnt know you were coming.He hur

451、ried into the carriage.The train was leaving in a few minutes.现在进行时的被动语态the present continuous passive voice一、概念现在进行时表示“说话时，正在进行的动作或正在发生的事情”。当其中的主要动词是被动结构时，即为现在进行时的被动语态，表示“说话时正在进行的被动动作”。过去将来时GRAMMAR120二、构成 I am He/She/It is being done You/We/They are 三、用法1 表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。例如：My car is being repaired n

452、ow.The project is being discussed at the meeting.2 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。例如：A new library is being built in our school.That plan is being carried out these days.3 表示经常的被动行为，常与always、often、constantly等词连用，表示某种感情色彩。例如：He is always being praised by his grandpa.现在完成时的被动语态the present perfect passi

453、ve voice一、概念现在完成时的主要动词为被动结构时，即为现在完成时的被动语态。它通常表示过去发生的一个被动动作对现在产生了影响。二、构成 I have He/She/It has been done You/We/They have 三、用法1 表示被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The door has been locked.Two windows have been broken.2 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。例如：How long has the machine been

454、used？These English songs have been taught many times on the radio.3 相当于及物动词的动词短语，也可以用于现在完成时的被动语态。例如：Has the doctor been sent for?Such a case has never been heard of before.GRAMMAR121定语从句attributive clauses一、概念英语中，用作定语修饰名词（或代词）的从句称为定语从句，被修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that、wh

455、ich、who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where、when、why等。关系代词和关系副词在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又在定语从句中担任重要成分。二、用法1 that可以指“人”或者“物”，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可以省略。例如：The man that lives next door is a teacher.（作主语）The letter(that)I received yesterday was from my sister.（作宾语）2 which用于指“物”，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可以省略。例如：Th

456、e book which has a red cover belongs to Mary.（作主语）The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.（作宾语）定语从句常用that不用which引导的情况：1 当先行词是all、little、few、much、something、everything、anything、nothing、none 等不定代词时。例如：Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.2 当先行词被only、any、few、little、no、all、just、very等

457、词修饰时。例如：The only thing that we could do was to wait.3 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the best novel that I have ever read.4 先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.注意GRAMMAR122IRREGULAR VERBSIrregular verbs 不规则动词Infinitive Past tense Past particip

458、learisearosearisenawakeawokeawokenbe(am/is/are)was/werebeenbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomebeginbeganbegunbendbentbentbetbetbetbitebitbittenblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburnt/burnedburnt/burnedbuyboughtboughtcancouldcastcastcastcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosen

459、comecamecomecostcostcostcutcutcutdealdealtdealtdigdugdugdodiddonedrawdrewdrawn123dreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreameddrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfeedfedfedfeelfeltfeltfight fought foughtfind found foundfly flew flownforbidforbadeforbiddenforeseeforesawforeseenforgetforgotfor

460、gottenforgiveforgaveforgivenfreezefrozefrozengetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhanghung/hangedhung/hangedhave/hashadhadhearheardheardhidehidhiddenhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurtkeepkeptkeptknowknewknownlaylaidlaidleadledledInfinitive Past tense Past participleIRREGULAR VERBS124IRREGULAR

461、 VERBSlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedleaveleftleftlendlentlentletletletlielaylainlightlit/lightedlit/lightedloselostlostmakemademademaymightmeanmeantmeantmeetmetmetmistakemistookmistakenmisunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstoodpaypaidpaidproveprovedproved/provenputputputquitquit/quittedquit/quittedr

462、eadreadreadrebuildrebuiltrebuiltretellretoldretoldridridridrideroderiddenriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseenseeksoughtsoughtsellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetsewsewedsewn/sewedInfinitive Past tense Past participle125IRREGULAR VERBSshakeshookshakenshallshouldshineshone/shinedshone/shinedshoots

463、hotshotshowshowedshownshutshutshutsingsangsungsinksanksunksitsatsatsleepsleptsleptslideslidslidsmellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelledsowsowedsown/sowedspeakspokespokenspellspelt/spelledspelt/spelledspendspentspentspinspunspunspitspat/spitspat/spitspreadspreadspreadstandstoodstoodstealstolestolenstickstucks

464、tuckstrikestruckstruck/strickensweepsweptsweptswellswelledswollenswimswamswumswingswungswungtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtteartoretornInfinitive Past tense Past participle126Infinitive Past tense Past participleIRREGULAR VERBStelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwakewoke wokenwearworewornweavewovewovenwillwouldwinwonwonwritewrotewritten127