VOA慢速英语文本：《今日美国》第31课.doc

1、英语翻议讲解：1.achievement n.完成,达到;成就,成绩例句：This achievement stamps her as a genius. 这一成就已足见她是个天才。2.preserve v.保护,保持,维护,保存,保藏,维持,腌,使流传,禁猎例句：People should preserve children from being hurt. 人们应保护儿童免于受害。3.property n.财产,所有权,性质例句：The bankrupt had made over all his property to his wife. 这个破产者已把他所有的财产转让给了他的妻子。4.

2、honorary a.荣誉的,名誉的,道义上的例句：The college gave the ambassador an honorary degree. 学院授予该大使名誉学位。5.heritage n.遗产,祖先所留之物,继承物例句：We set great store on the cultural heritage of the past. 我们珍重历代的文化遗产。pelling a.强制的,强迫性的,令人注目的例句：The evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling. 吸烟会导致肺癌的证据很有说服力。7.re

3、vival n.复兴,复活,恢复精神,苏醒例句：Their first album gave birth to the british music revival. 他们的第一张专辑带来了英国音乐的复兴。1.It contained not only the words to songs but some of the music as well.not only but是not only,but also的变体。As well是副词短语，其义为“也”，相当于too，它一般放在句末，有时和连词and或but搭配使用。例：He is a worker，and a poet as well他是工人

4、，但也是诗人。China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well中国拥有大量煤炭，其他的矿藏也很丰富。MrLiu can speak English，but he can speak Cantonese as well刘先生会说英语，但他也能讲广东话。2.In exchange, he agreed to travel throughout the United States to make recordings that would become the property of t

5、he archive at the library.in exchange for为了换取,作为对的交换例句：Wool from Britain may have been traded in exchange for wine. 过去英国的羊毛可用来换酒。 而in exchange则一般用作状语。3.And they were part of this very exciting groundbreaking work in the nineteen tens, twenties, thirties, into the forties and beyond, of showing the U

6、nited States what it was, what it had in terms of grassroots cultural heritage. in terms of根据,按照,用.的话,在.方面例句：In terms of leather shoes and fashion, Italians are ahead of the field. 意大利人走在皮鞋业和时尚领域的前沿。4.so that some of the whites wouldnt single him out and beat him up or whatever.single out挑出,挑选出例句：Je

7、rry was singled out as the best student. 吉利被选为最优秀的学生。英语听力原文：VOICE ONE:Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. Im Shirley Griffith.VOICE TWO:And Im Steve Ember. Lomax is a name well known to historians of American musical culture. Today we have the first of two programs about how the Lomax

8、 family helped keep American folk music from being lost.(MUSIC)John Lomax with Rich Brown near Sumterville, Alabama, in October 1940John Avery Lomax was born in eighteen sixty-seven. He came from the state of Mississippi but grew up in Texas. His interest in cowboy music led him to research and coll

9、ect examples of cowboy songs.In nineteen ten he published a book called Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads. It contained not only the words to songs but some of the music as well. It began with an introduction by President Theodore Roosevelt.Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads was an import

10、ant research achievement. And it started John Lomax on his lifelong work.The book included classics like Sweet Betsy From Pike, Git Along, Little Dogies and Home on the Range. Gene Autry was a singing cowboy in old films. Here he is singing Home on the Range.At the time the book was published, John

11、Lomax helped found the Texas Folklore Society. He traveled around the country raising money to establish other folklore groups. He spoke about the importance of preserving folk songs for future generations. In nineteen nineteen, he published another collection, called Songs of the Cattle Trail and C

12、ow Camp.His two sons, John Junior and Alan, traveled with him around the country. In nineteen thirty-two, the MacMillan Publishing Company agreed to help them create a collection of folk songs, especially from black Americans. The Lomaxes went to Washington to examine the Archive of American Folk So

13、ng at the Library of Congress.The library agreed to provide John Lomax with the recording equipment he needed. In exchange, he agreed to travel throughout the United States to make recordings that would become the property of the archive at the library.John Lomax with Billy McCrea and friends at McC

14、reas home in Jasper, TexasIn nineteen thirty-four, John Lomax became honorary consultant and curator of the Archive of American Folk Song at the Library of Congress. He held the title until his death in nineteen forty-eight. In all, he collected more than ten thousand recordings. Another Lomax also

15、took an interest: his daughter Bess.Dan Sheehy is acting head of the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage at the Smithsonian Institution.DAN SHEEHY: The Lomaxes, John and Alan, thrfather and son team -and then Bess to a certain extent - worked at the Library of Congress. And they were part of t

16、his very exciting groundbreaking work in the nineteen tens, twenties, thirties, into the forties and beyond, of showing the United States what it was, what it had in terms of grassroots cultural heritage.And so they would travel to places where certainly white people in the thirties and forties woul

17、d not work too much in black communities, because there was so much antagonism between black and white at that time racism toward African Americans. And Alan Lomax had some very compelling and really engaging stories to tell about actually painting himself up in blackface so that he could go into bl

18、ack communities, so that some of the whites wouldnt single him out and beat him up or whatever.In any case, John and Alan Lomax were very dedicated to locating these what they thought of as folk geniuses. They were looking for people who at the same time were representatives of a much bigger powerfu

19、l tradition in the case of African-American music, but at the same time were really singular in their ability to express that tradition.The Lomaxes found one of these folk geniuses at the state prison in Angola, Louisiana, in nineteen thirty-three. He was a twelve-string guitar player named- also kn

20、own as Lead Belly. One of his best known recordings is this one, The Midnight Special.Huddie Lead Belly Ledbetter with his 12-string guitar in a 1940s publicity photoLead Belly was released from prison the next year, in nineteen thirty-four. That same year, John Lomax published a book called America

21、n Ballads and Folk Songs. He included many of the songs gathered from prisons in the South.After that, Lead Belly became a celebrity. He was offered recording contracts, concert performances and radio broadcasts.Lead Belly worked for the Lomaxes as a driver and assistant. And John Lomax served as hi

22、s manager, choosing performances and media appearances.Some music writers say John Lomax paid himself too much out of Lead Bellys income. Dick Weissman is author of the book Which Side Are You On? An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. He says half of Lead Bellys concert fees went t

23、o John Lomax. And when Alan was added, he says, all three shared the money, so Lead Belly got only a third.But others say music like Lead Bellys would never have become widely known if it wasnt for the work of John Lomax.(MUSIC: Good Night, Irene)Alan LomaxAlan Lomax was eighteen years old when he s

24、tarted traveling with his father. They worked together in the South. But Alan also collected recordings himself in other parts of the country - New England, New York and the Midwest.And he did not stop there. His desire to increase understanding among people took him to other countries as well. He c

25、ollected folk songs from the Caribbean and Europe, including this Wedding Serenade from Italy.Alan Lomax has been called the father of the American folk song revival. He brought attention to singers like Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger in the nineteen thirties and forties.He also made the first record

26、ing of a guitar-playing farm worker named McKinley Morganfield. Millions of blues fans around the world would come to know McKinley Morganfield by another name. Here is Muddy Waters is singing Take a Walk With Me.We will continue our story of the Lomax family next week. You can find transcripts, MP3

27、s and podcasts of all of our programs at . You can also post a comment. And if you do, here is a question you can answer: Who do you consider a folk genius?Tell us if you have a favorite American blues or folk singer - young or old - and what makes that persons music special to you. Go to , find our

28、 program and post your answer.You can also find a link to John Lomaxs first book Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads. Im Steve Ember.And Im Shirley Griffith. Our program was written by Nancy Steinbach and produced by Caty Weaver. Join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English

29、. 英语翻议讲解：1.arrangement n.安排,准备;整理,排列,布置例句：She doesnt agree to this arrangement. 她不赞同这个安排。2.largely ad.大量地,很多地,大半地例句：American humor is founded largely on hyperbole. 美国式的幽默主要以夸张为基础。3.royalty n.版税例句：His income is mainly from royalty. 他的收入主要来自版税。4.anthropology n.人类学例句：Anthropology is a science dealing w

30、ith man and his origins. 人类学是一门研究人类及其起源的学科。1.It was the result of hours of recorded discussions with New Orleans jazz great Jelly Roll Morton.the result of导致的结果例句：The incident was the result of the coincidence of many factors. 这次事件是多种因素共同的结果。2.The copyrights to these songs were held not only by the

31、singers but also by his son Alan. 英语听力原文：VOICE ONE:Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. Im Doug Johnson.VOICE TWO:And Im Barbara Klein. This week on our program, we finish the story of the Lomax family. They were an influential family of musical folklorists.(MUSIC)Alan Lomax in the Car

32、ibbean in 1962We talked last week about John Avery Lomax and his work collecting American folk songs. He collected thousands of songs in the nineteen twenties, thirties and forties to save for future generations. His son Alan soon joined him, and continued collecting music after his father died in n

33、ineteen forty-eight.Like his father, Alan Lomax went to work for the Library of Congress, where he directed the Folk Archive. He also produced a series of radio programs on American folk music. And he wrote one of the most influential books on early jazz, Mister Jelly Roll. It was the result of hour

34、s of recorded discussions with New Orleans jazz great Jelly Roll Morton.In the nineteen fifties Alan Lomax published a series of books about world folk music. Later, he won a National Book Critics Circle award for The Land Where the Blues Began, published in nineteen ninety-three.He received the Nat

35、ional Medal of Arts from President Ronald Reagan and a Library of Congress Living Legend Award. The recording industry honored his lifetime work with a Grammy Award after he died in two thousand two.Songs from his collections were used in the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? Here is a song called Po

36、 Lazarus.Dick Weissman is author of the book Which Side Are You On? An Inside History of the Folk Music Revival in America. In it, he says it was the usual practice for folklorists to copyright songs that they collected. The copyright holder owns the rights to the song for a period governed by law.I

37、n the nineteen forties and fifties, the publisher and songwriter equally shared income from record sales. That could include people like the Lomaxes who copyrighted a new arrangement of an old folk song.Some of the songs collected by the Lomaxes became popular records. For example, Lead Bellys Good

38、Night, Irene became a huge hit for the folk group the Weavers. That was in nineteen forty-nine, a year after John Lomax died.The copyrights to these songs were held not only by the singers but also by his son Alan. Other musicians like Harry Belafonte and the Kingston Trio also recorded songs for wh

39、ich Alan Lomax shared in the copyright.Some observers have criticized Alan Lomax and his father for earning money from the traditional music they collected, including from black musicians in the South.Ted Gioia is author of Delta Blues: The Life and Times of the Mississippi Masters Who Revolutionize

40、d American Music.One example he uses in his two thousand eight book is Huddie Ledbetter, the singer and guitarist known as Lead Belly. The author says Lead Bellys contract with the Lomaxes prevented him from being represented by anyone else for five years.In the nineteen fifties Alan Lomax traveled

41、to Europe where he collected folk music. Ted Gioia says the folklorist largely paid for his travels with royalty money from the Weavers recording of Good Night, Irene.The author notes that Alan Lomax apparently claimed composer credit on about eight hundred songs. But to be fair, he says the Lomaxes

42、 did nothing illegal - they were not the only ones holding copyrights to folk songs. Many performers who have recorded traditional material have listed themselves as the composer.Still, Ted Gioia calls Alan Lomax the self-appointed custodian of Americas music traditions. He also points to his positi

43、on with the Library of Congress. The author argues that the folklorist should have aimed for a higher standard of ethics in such matters.The Lomax familys involvement with folk music also included John Lomaxs youngest child, Bess. Bess Lomax helped her father with his folk music collection.In the ni

44、neteen forties, she joined the Almanac Singers. The group was active in the social protest and union movements of the time.Different members came and went from the Almanac Singers. They included Bess brother Alan as well as Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger and Baldwin Butch Hawes, who became her husband.H

45、ere she sings a song called I Never Will Marry.In nineteen forty-nine she and Jacqueline Steiner wrote new words to an old song. It became a campaign song for Walter OBrien, a Progressive Party candidate for mayor of Boston, Massachusetts. One of his promises was to fight a fare increase on what was

46、 known as the M.T.A. subway system.In the song, a man named Charlie has to ride forever because he does not have enough money to leave the train. Here are Bess Lomax, Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger:Walter OBrien lost the race. But the song became a lasting hit with a version recorded in nineteen fift

47、y-nine by the Kingston Trio.Bess Lomax HawesBess Lomax Hawes later taught music and became an anthropology professor in California. In the nineteen seventies, she worked at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. She went on to direct the folk arts program at the National Endowment for the Arts.

48、In nineteen ninety-three President Bill Clinton awarded her the National Medal of Arts. She died in two thousand nine.Dan Sheehy at the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage says the influence of the Lomax family can still be felt. And not just with music, but also other areas of cul

49、ture. Modern folklorists use new technology like social media and the Internet to do their work, Dan Sheehy says. But they continue to pursue a goal set by the Lomaxes.DANIEL SHEEHY: Following Alan Lomaxs philosophy that he sometimes called cultural equity. That is, seeing what we didnt see on telev

50、ision. What we didnt see on the big stages. What we didnt hear on the radio and on major recordings. And finding ways to help those voices, those songs, those stories, those craft traditions make it into the lives of a much broader public.Our program was written by Nancy Steinbach and produced by Caty Weaver. Im Barbara Klein.And Im Doug Johnson. You can find the first part of our program about the Lomax family at . You can also post comments and subscribe to podcasts. Join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English.版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()