2023年新教材高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 阅读题组——练速度（含解析）外研版必修第一册.docx

1、Unit5阅读题组练速度.阅读ALocated beside Lake Geneva,the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics.Here are some of the museums most moving moments.TheOlympicParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum b

2、egins in the Olympic Park,an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and the Alps.The park contains artworks and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.TheFirstOlympicSymbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913.The rings represe

3、nt the five continents that participate in the Olympics:Africa,Asia,America,Australia and Europe.The six colors include at least one color that is represented on the flag of every country.TheStadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a ce

4、lebration of sportsmanship.Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums past and present,including one of the games most attractive stadiums,the Birds Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.TheOlympicMedalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like?The Olympic Museum has a room that

5、 houses every bronze,silver,and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896.Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park

6、.B.The first Olympic Symbol.C.The Stadiums.D.The Olympic Medals.2.What can you do in the section of The Stadiums?A.Celebrate the glory of a sportsman.B.Meet the designers of the stadiums.C.Explore the future stadiums.D.Enjoy the model of the Birds Nest.3.In which column of a newspaper may this text

7、appear?A.Entertainment.B.Science.C.Travel.D.Business.BLifesavingheartoperationWhen Tal Golesworthy was told he needed a lifesaving heart operation in 1993,he said no.Golesworthy has Marfan syndrome (马凡氏综合征).Back in 1993,when he was living in the west of England,his doctor told him that the aorta(主动脉

8、) in his heart was so enlarged that it would unavoidably burst unless he underwent a major operation.“They talked through the options,” says Golesworthy,“but I was not interested.The operation really didnt look attractive.” What he particularly didnt like was having to be on blood thinners after the

9、 operation,something that would prevent blood clots (血栓) but presented its own risks:“I was riding motorbikes then,and skiing,so my whole lifestyle would have been affected.” By 2000,however,his condition had worsened.Realizing something had to be done,Golesworthy put his years of experience as a re

10、search and development engineer to good use.He decided he would fix himself.“Learning new stuff and developing new ideas,that was my job,” Golesworthy says.The aorta,he thought,needed support on the outside.And wrapping something around the outside of the aorta would require a special operation.So G

11、olesworthy subjected himself to 30 hours in an MRI scanner and used 3D printing to create a physical exact copy of the part of his heart.“Luckily,Id done a lot of work with technical materials,” he says.Strong determination coupled with an original yet practical solution won him the support of two l

12、eading surgeons and helped him raise the money to develop his idea.In May 2004,at the age of 47,he became the guinea pig for his own invention.The operation was a success.4.Why did Tal Golesworthy refuse the operation at first?A.A better solution was on the way.B.He was afraid of life being affected

13、.C.The risk of the operation tended to cause death.D.He would like to be operated on in his own way.5.What helped Golesworthy to fix himself?A.His creative spirit.B.Regular exercise.C.Doctors suggestions.D.His similar experience.6.What do the underlined words in the last paragraph “the guinea pig” r

14、efer to?A.The lovely pet.B.The important assistant.C.The experimental subject.D.The person to raise money.7.Which words can best describe Tal Golesworthy?A.Creative and kind.B.Strong and imaginative.C.Devoted and generous.D.Determined and brave.CA new report links eating eggs to an increased risk of

15、 heart disease.The results follow several earlier studies that found eating eggs was generally healthy.The new report combines data from six other earlier studies.It shows a 6 percent increased risk of heart disease when the average number of eggs a person eats each day increased by half an egg.In t

16、he United States,eggs are generally one of the top sources of cholesterol (胆固醇) in a persons diet.Individuals with higher levels of cholesterol in their diets are at increased risk for the development of heart disease later in life.The team examined data gathered from six studies that involved a tot

17、al of 29,615 people.Earlier researchers had followed these people for an average of 17.5 years.At the start,the participants answered questions about the foods they ate.But they were not asked about their diets at any time after that.Over time,there were 5,400 heart-related incidents among the group

18、.This included 2,088 deadly and non-deadly heart disease events and 1,302 deadly and non-deadly stroke events.It also included 1,897 deadly and non-deadly heart failure events and 113 other deaths from cardiovascular (心血管的) disease.After examining the data,Allens team found a link between egg consum

19、ption as reported at the start of the study and peoples risk of developing heart disease.As their egg consumption rose,so did their risk.Eggs contain a lot of cholesterolabout 200 milligrams.That is the highest daily amount recommended under current guidelines.Less than one egg a day on average is a

20、cceptable from a nutritional standpoint.The study is observational,meaning it can only show there is a link between egg consumption and heart disease.But it cannot prove eggs are the cause of the disease.It may just be that people eating a lot of eggs are also consuming a lot of bacon.8.What were th

21、e participants asked about at the start of the study?A.Their birthplaces.B.Their diets.C.Their physical conditions.D.Their ages.9.What are the statistics in Paragraph 3 about?A.The number of deaths from heart disease.B.The number of treatments for heart disease.C.The number of different causes of he

22、art disease.D.The number of heart disease cases among the participants.10.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Eggs are good for everyone.B.Eggs are the cause of heart disease.C.Eating eggs within limits is beneficial.D.Eating eggs has nothing to do with heart disease.11.What is the best t

23、itle for the text?A.Eggs Have Great Nutritional ValueB.Eggs Will Disappear from Peoples DietC.It Is Much Better to Increase Egg ConsumptionD.Diet Containing Eggs May Be Linked to Heart DiseaseDAsk a classroom of children to draw a scientist,and youll see plenty of colored lab coats and glasses.The i

24、mage(画像) hasnt changed much since the 1960s,but the person wearing the lab coat is changing.A new analysis finds that more female scientists have appeared in kids drawings in recent decadesgoing from nearly nonexistent in the 1960s to about a third in 2016.The first of many “draw-a-scientist” studie

25、s asked nearly 5,000 children to draw a scientist between 1966 and 1977.Of those 5,000 drawings,only 28 drew female scientists.That was just 0.56 percent.Today,female scientists are being presented more in the media.For example,in a content analysis,13 percent of people pictured in science feature s

26、tories of the 1960s were women or girls,compared with 44 percent in the 2000s.“That might really affect childrens idea on what a scientist should be like,” says Miller,a Ph.D.candidate in psychology.To look for changes in childrens perception over time,the researchers conducted a meta-analysis,combi

27、ning data from 78 studies that included a total of more than 20,000 children from kindergarten to the 12th grade.On average,28 percent of children drew female scientists in studies conducted from 1965 to 2016.What hasnt changed much:kids pick up stereotypes (模式化观念)by gender (性别) as they grow up.At a

28、ge 6,about 70 percent of the girls in the more recent studies drew female scientists.By age 16,75 percent drew male scientists.This is an important period in which kids are learning stereotypes.Its important that teachers and parents present diverse examples of both male and female scientists.12.Wha

29、ts the picture of scientists drawn by a 1960s kid like?A.A woman with long curly hair.B.A woman with lab glasses.C.A woman in a formal lab suit.D.A man in a colored lab coat.13.What may contribute to the changes in kids drawings?A.The improvement of womens social status.B.The kids are affected by te

30、achers and parents.C.More female scientists appear in the media.D.The increasing number of female scientists.14.What does the underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A.Belief.B.Idea.C.Habit.D.Growth.15.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A.its a stereotype that sc

31、ientists are generally malesB.girls are more influenced by stereotypes than boysC.some children are born with certain stereotypesD.most children tend to prefer female scientists.七选五It can be very easy to stick with what you know,instead of trying to meet people who are different from you.1 Heres wha

32、t you can do:Become self-aware.2 This includes bias (偏见) about your own cultural background.It can be challenging,but by doing this youll be able to think about how these traits might impact on your approach to understanding differences.You could try:Think about what assumptions you make about your

33、friends,peers,and people you work with.Talk to someone from a different cultural background.Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better.3 Youll automatically find out more about their life and experiences.Just being curious and open-minded can be helpful.Be more accepting

34、.Sometimes,for one reason or another,its not all that easy to understand some cultural differences.4 In other words,you dont have to understand,or even agree with someone in order to accept them.5 One of the biggest difficulties to overcome in understanding cultural differences is making judgments b

35、ased on one opinion.You should do some research to actually learn about people,instead of making broad-brush assessments.Stereotyping (对形成模式化的看法) people from different cultural backgrounds can impact their quality of life and opportunities.A.Do your own research.B.Think beyond stereotypes.C.Practice

36、 being sympathetic towards people.D.Work out your own beliefs,values and personal bias.E.Instead of asking them questions directly,treat them as friends.F.And the best approach is to acknowledge people are different and to accept that is okay.G.However,trying to understand people from other countrie

37、s can help you experience more.答案：.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是奥林匹克博物馆最感人的一些东西。1.A解析细节理解题。根据TheOlympicPark部分的“ThejourneythroughtheOlympicMuseumbeginsintheOlympicPark,an8,000-square-meteroutdoorareainfrontofthemuseumoverlookingLakeGenevaandtheAlps.”可知,当你探索奥林匹克博物馆时,你首先会看到奥林匹克公园。2.D解析细节理解题。根据TheStadiums部分的“Gue

38、stscanexploreplansandmodelsofOlympicstadiumspastandpresent,includingoneofthegamesmostattractivestadiums,theBirdsNestfromBeijing2008Olympics.”可知,在体育馆区,你可以欣赏到鸟巢的模型。3.C解析推理判断题。根据第一段“LocatedbesideLakeGeneva,theOlympicMuseumhousesmorethan10,000artificialobjectsandhoursofinteractivecontentshighlightingsom

39、eofthebestmomentsduringtheOlympics.Herearesomeofthemuseumsmostmovingmoments.”可知,本文是关于旅游的,因此会出现在报纸的旅游专栏。【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。工程师TalGolesworthy患有马凡氏综合征,需要进行心脏手术。他有效地利用自己多年的研发工程师经验,用3D打印机打印出了他部分心脏的真实复制品,对症制造了主动脉外部支撑,并得到了医生的支持。最终手术取得了成功。4.B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知,手术后必须使用血液稀释剂以防止血凝块,但这种药物存在着风险,他担心会影响他的整个生活方式,所以起初他拒绝

40、了手术。5.A解析推理判断题。根据第三段尾句可知,他认为,学习新东西和开发新想法就是他的工作。根据第四段第一、二句可知,他认为,主动脉需要外部支撑,在主动脉外面裹上东西需要特殊手术。又结合下文中的“original”和“hisowninvention”以及介绍的手术的成功可以判断,是他的创新精神治好了他。6.C解析词句猜测题。根据画线部分上句可知,他坚定的决心加上新颖而实用的解决方案为他赢得了两位一流的外科医生的支持,并帮助他筹集了资金来实现他的想法。根据本文尾句可知,手术很成功。结合该句中的“forhisowninvention”可以判断,他自己成了此项发明的实验对象。故画线词意为“实验对象

41、”。7.D解析推理判断题。根据尾段第一句可知,他坚定的决心和新颖而实用的解决方案为他赢得了两位一流的外科医生的支持,故他是一位有决心的人。根据第三段倒数第二句“Hedecidedhewouldfixhimself”可知.他决定自己想办法治疗心脏,据此可以判断,他是一个勇敢的人。【破解长难句】Back in 1993,when he was living in the west of England,his doctor told him that the aorta(主动脉)in his heart was so enlarged that it would unavoidably burst

42、 unless he underwent a major operation.【分析】该句为主从复合句。句中when引导时间状语从句,第一个that引导宾语从句,其中使用了so.that.结构,表示“如此以至于”,that引导结果状语从句。【译文】早在1993年,当他住在英格兰西部的时候,他的医生告诉他,他的心脏主动脉太肥大了,如果不进行大手术,迟早会破裂。【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。一项研究认为,吃鸡蛋与心脏病风险的增加有联系,但是有科学家对此持不同观点,他们认为鸡蛋不是引起心脏病的原因。8.B解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Atthestart,theparticipantsanswered

43、questionsaboutthefoodstheyate.”可知,研究开始时,参与者被问到了关于“他们的饮食”的问题。故选B项。9.D解析细节理解题。由第三段“Overtime,therewere5,400heart-relatedincidentsamongthegroup.Thisincluded2,088deadlyandnon-deadlyheartdiseaseeventsand1,302deadlyandnon-deadlystrokeevents.Italsoincluded1,897deadlyandnon-deadlyheartfailureeventsand113othe

44、rdeathsfromcardiovascular(心血管的)disease.”可知,本段的统计数字是关于参与者中心脏疾病病例的数量。10.C解析推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Eggscontainalotofcholesterolabout200milligrams.Thatisthehighestdailyamountrecommendedundercurrentguidelines.Lessthanoneeggadayonaverageisacceptablefromanutritionalstandpoint.”可知,从营养角度来看,每天少于一个鸡蛋是有益的,换句话说,有限度地吃鸡蛋是有

45、益的。11.D解析主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Anewreportlinkseatingeggstoanincreasedriskofheartdisease.”可知,第一段提出新的研究结果表明,吃鸡蛋与心脏病风险的增加有联系,接下来文章用研究参与人员“发生心脏疾病病例”统计数字举证,说明了吃鸡蛋与心脏病风险的增加有关,所以A项“含鸡蛋的饮食可能与心脏病有关”最能概括本文内容,最适合作标题。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是一项新的分析发现,近几十年来,越来越多的女性科学家出现在儿童绘画中从20世纪60年代的几乎不存在,到2016年的约三分之一。12.D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As

46、kaclassroomofchildrentodrawascientist,andyoullseeplentyofcoloredlabcoatsandglasses.”和第二段“Anewanalysisfindsthatmorefemalescientistshaveappearedinkidsdrawingsinrecentdecadesgoingfromnearlynonexistentinthe1960stoaboutathirdin2016.”可知,在60年代孩子画的科学家图画里没有女性,故选D项。13.C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Today,femalescientistsar

47、ebeingpresentedmoreinthemedia.”和“Thatmightreallyaffectchildrensideaonwhatascientistshouldbelike,saysMiller,aPh.D.candidateinpsychology.”可知,更多的女性科学家出现在媒体上可能会导致孩子绘画的变化。14.B解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Thatmightreallyaffectchildrensideaonwhatascientistshouldbelike”及第四段中的“theresearchersconductedameta-analysis,combin

48、ingdatafrom78studiesthatincludedatotalofmorethan20,000childrenfromkindergartentothe12thgrade.”可知,研究者做研究是为了了解孩子对科学家的想法,因此画线词perception的意思是“想法”,即idea。15.A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Whathasntchangedmuch:kidspickupstereotypes(模式化观念)bygender(性别)astheygrowup.Atage6,about70percentofthegirlsinthemorerecentstudiesdrewf

49、emalescientists.Byage16,75percentdrewmalescientists.Thisisanimportantperiodinwhichkidsarelearningstereotypes.”可推断出,科学家一般都是男性,这是一种刻板印象。.【语篇导读】本文是说明文,主要论述了几种降低文化差异影响、让交流沟通更和谐的方法,包括了解自己、与来自不同文化背景的人交谈和不要观念固化等。1.G解析根据上句可知,坚持你所知道的而不是去结识与你不同的人,这很容易。结合下文内容可知,空处应是一个转折句,起到承上启下的作用,说明尽力理解来自其他国家的人可以给你带来好处,所以G项符合

50、语境。2.D解析根据该段首句“Becomeself-aware”可知,该段主要陈述要了解自己;根据空处下句“Thisincludesbias(偏见)aboutyourownculturalbackground”可知,这包括对自己文化背景的偏见。据此可以判断,空处应与偏见有关。D项中的“bias”与空处下句中的“bias”对应。3.E解析根据空处下句可知,你会自然而然地了解到更多关于他们的生活和经历的信息。结合常识可知,空处应说要像朋友一样对待他们,而不是直接问他们问题。4.F解析根据该段首句“Bemoreaccepting”可知,该段主要建议要接受对方的不同。根据空处下句可知,你不需要理解甚至赞同某人就可以接受他们。据此可知,空处应说要承认人们是不同的并接受这一点。5.B解析根据空处所在的位置可知,空处为该段的主旨句。根据前文第二、三、四段首句可知,该句为祈使句;根据该段内容可知,该段主要说明不要对来自不同文化背景的人形成模式化的看法,B项中的“stereotypes”和该段尾句中的“Stereotyping”对应。