2025版高考英语一轮总复习 语法专题突破 专题5 不容忽视的冠词、代词 、数词和介词(短语)课件.ppt

1、专题五 不容忽视的冠词、代词、数词和介词(短语)考点突破 精讲即练考点一 冠 词一、不定冠词的3种基本用法和2种灵活用法13种基本用法(1)表示类指或指某类中的“任何一个”。It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like aman.普遍认为男孩必须学会站起来并像个男子汉一样去奋斗。(2)表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across the ni

2、ght sky.那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。(3)表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数量概念没有one强烈。Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。22种灵活用法(1)表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。A Mr.Brown came to see you just now.刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。(2)“a(n)序数词”表示“又一；再一”；“a most形容词”表示“非常；很”。He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second cha

3、nce in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(赢得金牌的)机会。二、定冠词的5种基本用法1特指某人或某事。2用在专有名词前或与世界上独一无二的事物连用。3用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级及only,very,same等之前。4用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour,by the day,by the week,by the dozen,by the yard等，但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。Its said John will get a job paying over$600

4、,000 a year.Right,he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过六十万美元的工作。是的，而且会按周付薪。5某些形容词前面加定冠词，表示某类人或物。The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay.受伤的人被立刻送到了最近的医院。三、冠词在固定搭配中的用法1不定冠词在固定搭配中的用法have a look 看一下take a bath/walk/rest冲凉/散步/休息as a matter of fact事实上all of a sudden突然in a hu

5、rry匆忙地do sb a favour帮某人一个忙keep an eye on留心2定冠词在固定搭配中的用法on the whole总体上to tell the truth说实话on the contrary相反in the end最后in the charge of由负责四、零冠词的3种基本用法1在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指时不用冠词。2称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、宾语补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。Dr Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to fur

6、ther study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯宾塞告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津大学或剑桥大学深造。”3表示时间、节日、季节、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。即时演练(一)单句语法填空1Autumn,a word dating back to the late 1300s,became popular as _ alternative.2.When I see a child under this kind of pressure,I think of Tom.He was _ shy,nervous boy.3And wi

7、thout courage,well never step into _ unknown.4In fact，communication has been _ best way to promote each others understanding and trust.anathethe考点二 代 词一、人称代词与物主代词的4种基本用法1人称代词有主格(如I,we,they,he,she等)和宾格(如me,us,them,him,her等)之分。主格在句中通常作主语，宾格在句中通常作宾语、表语或同位语等成分。2人称代词指代的数前后要一致。The students must be made to

8、 understand how important each subject is to them.(them指代the students)必须使学生们明白每门功课对他们来说是多么重要。3句中没有谓语动词，人称代词要用宾格。Id like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.Me,too.这个周末我想去爬山。我也想去。4形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可以作主语、宾语和表语，不能用于名词前。注意名词性物主代词在比较级中的用法。Our room is bigger than theirs.我们的房间比他

9、们的大。二、反身代词的基本用法反身代词常与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称和数上保持一致，在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等。人称数 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesShe bought herself a car.她给自己买了一辆车。(作宾语)I am not quite myself today.我今天感觉不舒服。(作表语)You have to ask the headmaster himself about it.关于这件事，你必须问校长本人。(作同位语

10、)三、it的4种基本用法1it可作人称代词，主要指某样东西、抽象事物、不知性别的孩子或不明确的人。2it也可代指时间、距离、天气等。3it作形式主语或形式宾语代指动词不定式、动词-ing形式、名词性从句。It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。4表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后常接it作形式宾语，然后再接真正的宾语(宾语从句)，这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。They would appreciate

11、 it,to be frank,if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.坦率地讲，如果货物能尽快送到，他们将不胜感激。四、3组不定代词对比识记1either,both,neither,all,none,anyeither肯定意义表示“(两者中的)任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式both肯定意义表示“两者(都)”，作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式neither 否定意义表示“(两者)都不”，单独作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式all肯定意义表示“(三者或以上)全部”，作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一

12、致none否定意义表示“(三者或以上)没有”，作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数any肯定意义表示“(三者或以上)任意一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用As the two dictionaries are useful,Ill take both and either of them is very important to me.由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都买下来，每一本对我来说都非常重要。Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but neither

13、of them wants to,because they have work to do.拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。All horses are animals,but not all animals are horses.所有的马都是动物，但是并不是所有的动物都是马。【点津】both,all与not连用表示部分否定；表示全部否定时应用neither,none。2none,nobody/no one,nothingnone既可指人也可指物，多与表示范围的介词of连用；与数量有关，可回答how many或how much类的问句，表示“一个也没有

14、”nobody/no one不能与of连用，只能指人，表示“什么人也没有”，可回答who引导的疑问句nothing表示“什么也没有”，用来否定一切，可回答what引导的疑问句Nobody can do something well for 40 years if he doesnt love it.没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱这件事。None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.他们中没有人知道那项计划，因为它还是个秘密。3the other,other,another,othersthe othe

15、r指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one.the other.一个另一个；作定语修饰复数名词时，特指一定范围内的“其他所有的人或事物”other表示“别的；其他的”，不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义another可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外的”others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the othersI have two books;one is English,and

16、the other is French.我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是法语书。Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to another.网购使人们不必从一家店到另一家店地寻找商品。You are a team star!Working with others is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你喜欢的事。五、5个常用替代词对比识记替代词it和that/those,one/onesit代替前面提到过的同一个人或物，即“

17、同名同物”that/thosethat可以指代前面出现过的特指的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one，其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone/onesone用来代替单数可数名词，表泛指，是“同名异物”，其复数形式为onesThe basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.这款车的基本设计与之前车型的设计非常相似。At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this

18、magazine.我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。Weve been looking for a cheap house but havent found one yet.我们一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没找到。即时演练(二)单句语法填空1Several more excellent concerts will be held next month.We can attend all of _(they)2My son was excited,but I felt helpless.I didnt have that kind of money._ was going t

19、o cost$300!themIt3I wish to thank Mr.Smith,and without _(he)help I would never have got this far.4If you want to go to the party with me,you should behave _(you)well.hisyourself考点三 数词数词属于高考试题中的冷考点，主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法、序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。1序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加-eth。如the twentieth/fif

20、tieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一”“再一”时，要用不定冠词。2年龄、年代的表达：表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in ones逢十的基数词的复数”；表达“在几十年代”用“in the逢十的基数词的复数”。3基数词dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示确切数目时不能加-s，其前可用数词或several,some等修饰，此时其后通常不跟of(后有these,those或代词宾格时可跟of)；表示“数以百万计

21、”“数以千计”等笼统数目时，要加-s，其前不能用数词，其后可跟of。4基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词，用连字符“-”连接，作前置定语，其中的名词应用单数形式，如a four-hour journey。5分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于一时，分母应用序数词的复数形式，如：two-sevenths七分之二。即时演练(三)单句语法填空1Ive always loved the ocean.In the _(nine)grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.2 In the sum

22、mer holiday following my _(eighteen)birthday,I took driving lessons.nintheighteenth3About two-_(three)of the students are going to attend the meeting.4Though in her _(seventy),she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop.thirdsseventies考点四 介词和介词短语一、常考介词1表示时间和方位的介词类别介词用法表示时间at,in,onat表示时间点；in表示时间段，

23、与表示较长一段时间的词搭配；on 表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些节日；也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上类别介词用法表示时间in,after两者均可接时间段，表示“在之后”，但“in时间段”常与将来时连用，“after时间段”常与过去时连用类别介词用法表示时间for,since，from“for时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了一段时间；“since时间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间；“from时间点”表示行为或状态的起始点before,by两者均可表示“在之前”，但 by 表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内类别介词用法表示方位on,above，overon指在

24、某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath；above指离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是below；over指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是under,over 还可以表示“越过”类别介词用法表示方位across,through,past,over，along，by，besideacross指从一平面上“横穿”或“在对面”；through指从人群或物体内部“穿过；贯穿”；past 表示动态的动作发生在某人/某物的旁边；over表示从上方越过；along表示“沿着”；by与beside 均表示“在旁边”，by含有“倚；凭靠”的意思，beside指两者位置关系类别介词用法表示

25、方位at,in，on at后接较小的地方或门牌号码；in后接较大的地方；on一般指与面或线接触in,on，to,offin表示在某一范围之内；on表示与某一地区“毗邻；接壤”；to表示在某范围之外；off表示“(时空上)离；距”He climbed over the wall.他爬过了那堵墙。In fact,half of the 6,000 to 7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the UNESCO.根据联合国教科文组织的说法，

26、事实上，全球范围内的六千至七千种语言中，有一半到下个世纪可能会消失。即时演练(四)单句语法填空1It began on 19 January and finished _ the early morning of 20 January.2The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history.It was built originally to protect the city _ the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely re

27、stored.onin3The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.4“Speed up.70 km/h isnt fast enough.You are holding up traffic，”ordered another voice from the seat next _ me.forto【点津】(1)在以下短语中，at表示时间段。at dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时at weekends/the weeke

28、nd在周末(2)当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each,some等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。this morning今天上午last year去年(3)“on名词或动词-ing形式”结构可以表示“一就”。On my arrival/arriving home,I discovered they had gone.我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。2其他常用介词介词用法against反对，违背，与相反；触；碰撞；紧靠，倚靠；与竞争，对阵；以为背景at用在表示某地点、场合、方位等的名词前；用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、岁、时节等的名词前；以，按(价格、速度、数量等)；

29、朝、向、对着某人/某物的方向介词用法beyond(指程度)深于；(指范围)超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非可及；(时间)晚于by(时间)不迟于，在之前；常用于结构“bythe单数名词”，表示“按计算”；(表示程度、数量)相差；经过，经由；通过(某种方法、手段)介词用法for(表示目的或功能)为了；(表示对象或用途)给，对；(表示原因)因为，由于；(表示时间、距离、数量)达，计；支持，赞成；至于，关于，就而言；(表示去向)往，向；(表示陈述或问题的对象)对于in(表示地点、场所、位置等)在里面；在内；(表示时间)在期间；在(一段时间)以内；在之后；(表示某人或某物的状态、情况)处于中；关于；

30、在方面介词用法on(表示接触或由某一表面支撑着)在上；(表示时间)在时候；关于，有关；借助于，通过，以方式with和一起，和，同，跟；(伴)随着；具有，带有；由于，因为；(表示方式)用3.表示“除了”的介词(短语)介词(短语)用法besides除之外(还有)，包括后面所提到的人或物，相当于in addition to介词(短语)用法except除之外(其他的都)，不包括后面所提到的人或物，表示同类之间的关系。除了接名词、代词、动词-ing形式之外，其后还可接副词、介词短语以及 that,what,when,where等引导的从句。He is never late except when he

31、is ill.他从不迟到，生病的时候除外。3.表示“除了”的介词(短语)介词(短语)用法except for除之外，排除的部分与前面的内容不属于同一类，着重用于对个别状况的补充说明。During her time in the cave,Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice.斯特凡尼娅在山洞里的时候，除了两只白鼠，她完全是独自一人。介词(短语)用法but除之外(except)，常用于nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all 之后。Theres no one

32、 here but me.这里除了我没有别人。apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于 except for。Apart from the ending,its a really good film.除了结局，这部电影确实不错。(相当于except for)【点津】besides还可作副词，意为“另外；而且”，在句中常作插入语。I dont want to go;besides,its too late now.我不想去；而且现在太晚了。二、介词短语1“at名词”表示状态at a loss 不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平

33、中at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at work在工作2“by名词”表示方式by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by force用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the month按月算3“beyond名词”表示状态beyond comparison无与伦比beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt毋庸置疑beyond expression难以表达beyond(ones)reach够不到4“in名词”表示状态in bed在床上in danger处于危险中in debt负债in diffic

34、ulty处境困难in high spirits情绪高昂in need在危难中；在穷困中的in order整齐；井然有序in surprise吃惊地in trouble在困境中in use使用中5“on名词”表示状态on a trip在旅行on business出差on display/show在展出on duty在值班on holiday/vacation在度假on sale在出售on strike在罢工on the way在途中6“out of名词”表示状态out of balance失去平衡out of control失去控制out of danger脱离危险out of date过期ou

35、t of order出故障out of work失业7“under名词”表示状态under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control在控制之下under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中8其他高频介词短语against time争分夺秒at the sight of一看到at the age of在岁时in the face of面对；面临in addition(to)另外；除了in case of万一in charge of负责

36、；主管in favour of赞成；支持in need of需要in no time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparation for为做准备in return for作为回报of help/use有帮助的/有用的of importance重要的on behalf of代表即时演练(五)单句语法填空1The most important thing is to practice.You can do this _ joining such kind of clubs.2Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for

37、example,most people traditionally eat _ their hands.3Youll succeed _ time as long as you love it with passion because life will give back what you put into it.bywithin4You dont look very surprised _ the good news.5There are a number of things we can do by learning a few life-saving skills for condit

38、ions _ our control.6Ancient architecture in China stands out _ its fine wooden structures,the elegant outside and beautiful decoration.atbeyondfor集训夯基 素养提能.单句语法填空1(2023新课标卷)There you will find them prepared differentlymore dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed _ hand rather than rolled

39、.解析：考查介词。by hand“用手”是固定搭配。故填by。by2(2023新课标卷)Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of _(they)contents.解析：考查代词。修饰后面的名词contents需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。3(2023新课标卷)The meat should be fresh with _ touch of swe

40、etness and the soup hot，clear and delicious.解析：考查冠词。a touch of意为“一点点；稍许”，为常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。theira4(2022新高考卷)And who do they speak English _?解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，应用speak English with/to sb.，意为“与某人用英语交谈”。故填with/to。5(2022新高考卷)Not the pandas，even though _ language used for the medical training instr

41、uctions is actually English.解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。with/tothe6(2023全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong _ royal palaces，it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with

42、the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.解析：考查介词。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从到”，用介词to。故填to。to7(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesops fables date to the _(six)century，B.C.Yet，the form of the fable

43、still has values today,as Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow.”解析：考查数词。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。sixth8(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijings long history _ capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic events.In contrast to the court life and upper

44、-class culture represented by the Forbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple of Heaven，the hutongs reflect _ culture of grassroots Beijingers.解析：第一空考查介词。空白处所在部分意为“由于北京中国首都的悠久历史”。介词as在此意为“作为”，符合句子结构和语境。第二空考查冠词。空白处后指的是“北京普通民众的文化”，此处填定冠词the表示特指。故填as；the。asthe9(2022新高考卷)Covering an area about three

45、 times _size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.解析：考查冠词。“倍数the size(width,length.)of”是固定用法，意为“是的倍”。故填the。the10(2022新 高 考 卷)Giant pandas also serve _an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwester

46、n and northwestern parts of China.解析：考查固定搭配。serve as为固定搭配，意为“充当，担任”。故填as。as11(2022新 高 考 卷)_ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident,Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the姓氏，意为“某某一家人”

47、；同时该单词置于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。The12(2022全国甲卷)_ friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，且空后的名词friend的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a；且设空处位于句首。故填A。A13(2022全国乙卷)To celebrate _ festival,a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on T

48、hursday.解析：考查冠词。设空处特指第一个国际茶日，应用定冠词the。故填the。14(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony,opening _(it)first exhibition:The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of Puer Tea.解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空后有名词exhibition，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。theits15(2021新高考卷)As the song goes,

49、this long and winding road“will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitors memory.It sure does in _(I)解析：考查代词。根据上文中的in the visitors memory可知，in _对应的是in my memory，设空处指的是“在我的记忆中”。故填mine。mine16(2021新高考卷)While youre in China,Mount Huangshan is _must to visit!解析：考查冠词。must在这里作可数名词，意为“必须做(或看

50、、买等)的事”；a must在文中指“一个必游之地”，且must的发音是以辅音音素开头的。故填a。a17(2022全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers _ Xian to Kashgar on Sept.20,planning to hike back to Xian in five months.解析：考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4 700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xian to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from.to.表示“从到”。故填from。from18(2022全国乙卷)

51、May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially _ the United Nations on November 27th,2019.解析：考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在2019年11月27日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be过去分词by”。故填by。by19(2021浙江卷)_ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 18

52、56 to meet the needs of their growing family.解析：考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。The20(2021全 国 乙 卷)Ecotourism has _(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.解析：考查代词。句意：生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动

53、。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语；同时与空后的origin构成限定关系，因此应填形容词物主代词。故填its。its21(2021浙江卷)She was extremely pretty,and her house was a reflection of _(she),everything in good taste and in perfect order.解析：考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的写照，每件东西都摆放整齐，品味也很好。故填herself。22(2021全国甲卷)It was built originally to protect the ci

54、ty _ the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复)解析：考查介词。唐朝the Tang Dynasty，是段时间。因此，在唐朝，应用in the Tang Dynasty。故填in。herselfin23(2021全 国 乙 卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types _ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.解析：考查介词。句

55、意：各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。故填of。of24(2021浙 江 卷)The study found that between 1985 and 2017,average rural BMI increased _ 2.1 in women and men.解析：考查介词。句意：研究发现19852017年间，农村男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by数值表示增长了多少。故填by。by25(2021浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it _$1,200 and some land.解析：考查介词。句意：1844年，他们

56、以1,200美元的价格购买了它(这个房子)和一些地。buy sth.for 价格，表示以什么价格购买某物。故填for。26(2020新课标卷)The plum trees are _ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).解析：考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。forthe27(2020浙江卷)Then，with _ rise of science，changes began.解析：考查冠词。句意：随着科学的崛起，事情发生了变化。with the rise

57、 of 译为“随着的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。28(2020浙江卷)A child born in the US today has _ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.解析：考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。thea29(2020全国卷)Data about the moons composition,such as how m

58、uch ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether _(it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.解析：考查代词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少冰和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。its30(2020山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer si

59、mulations(模拟)and imagine _(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.解析：考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。themselves31(2020新课标卷)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist _ earth,Mother

60、Nature.解析：考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。on32(2020山东卷)Museums must compete _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements.解析：考查介词。句意：博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语：compete for，意为“为了竞争”。故填for。for.语法填空Passage 1 冠词与代词专练(全国卷改编)On our way to the house，_ was rainin

61、g so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long _ would take to get there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.1.it2.itWe were first greeted with the barking by_ pack of dogs，seven to be exact._(them)were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for _(this)animals.Our hosts

62、 shared many of _(they)experiences and recommended wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in _ backyard.3.a4.They5.these6.their7.theWhen they were free from work，they invited_(we)to local events and let us know of _ intere

63、sting competition to watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.On _ last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，li

64、stening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在美国夏威夷的一次旅行经历。8.us9.an10.the解析：1考查代词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们忍不住去想还要多久才能到达那里。it 可以指天气。故填it。2考查代词。句意同上题。此处是句式It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.，it为形式主语，to do不定式为真正的主语。故填it。3考查冠词。a pack of意为“一群”。故填a。4考查代词。句意：它们被它们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾

65、这些动物方面很有经验。它们(狗儿们)在这里作主语；位于句首，大写首字母。故填They。5考查代词。句意同上题。因为animals是复数形式，故填指示代词these。故填these。6考查代词。experience是名词，前面需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰它。故填their。7考查冠词。空处修饰名词backyard，是特指的他们的院子。故填the。8考查代词。空处作invited的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填us。9考查冠词。空后interesting的发音以元音音素开头，此处泛指一场有趣的比赛。故填an。10考查冠词。on the last day在最后一天。故填the。Passage 2 动词与

66、介词专练(全国卷改编)She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh-faced and full_ life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward _ the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _(rest)Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as a model in New York.1.of2.to3.res

67、tingSarah was told that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her to give_ school to model full-time.But Sarah，who has taken part _ shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined t

68、o carry _ with her education.4.up5.in6.onShe has turned_ several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year _ to model full-time before going to university to get a degree _ engineering or architecture.7.down8.off9.inSarah says，“My dad t

69、hinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school _(come)first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她

70、认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。es解析：1考查介词。固定短语：full of life充满活力。故填of。2考查介词。固定短语：look forward to(doing)sth.盼望(做)某事。故填to。3考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填resting。4考查动词短语。固定短语：give up(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事。故填up。5考查动词短语。固定短语：take part in sth.参加活动。故填in。6考查动词短语。固定短语：carry on with sth.继续某事。故填on。7考查动词短语。固定短语：turn down 拒绝。故填down。8考查动词短语。固定短语：take some time off 请假一段时间。故填off。9考查介词。in表示“在某方面”，get a degree in.意为“在某方面获得某项学位”。故填in。10考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。故填comes。