新教材2020-2021学年英语译林版必修3素养课件：UNIT 4　SCIENTISTS WHO CHANGED THE WORLD GRAMMAR AND USAGE .ppt

1、Unit 4Scientists who changed the world Grammar and usage&Integrated skills要点精研探究学习1.surround vt.围绕;环绕;与紧密相关*He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。*When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers and militiamen.当这辆汽车停在城镇广场时立刻被士兵和民兵包围了。*Even

2、tually,the water will permeate through the surrounding concrete.最终,水会渗透进周围的混凝土中。*Schumacher adapted effortlessly to his new surroundings.舒马赫非常轻松地适应了新环境。【词块积累】surround sb./sth.with/by.使某人/某物被包围surrounding n.周围的事物;环境(通常用复数形式)adj.周围的【即学活用】(1)语法填空。The trees _(surround)the town were planted by the soldie

3、rs ten years ago.Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful _(surround)._(surround)by a dozen of children,the women happily celebrated her 80th birthday.surroundingsurroundingsSurrounded(2)语段填空。As a famous pop star,he loves _by so many fans coming to visit him before the _towns.A

4、nd he also likes beautiful _with green trees and flowers,because he can get much more pleasure from nature(surround).being surroundedsurroundingsurroundings2.indicate v.指出;提及;表明;暗示;示意*The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.结果表明,霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。*The number o

5、f wells is a fair indicator of the demand for water.水井的数量能较准确地反映水需求量的大小。*All the indications are that we are going to receive reasonable support from abroad.所有迹象都表明,我们将从国外获得有力支持。【词块积累】indicate sth.to sb.向某人示意/指出某事indicate that.指示/表明indication n.暗示;表示;预兆indicator指示器【巧学助记】构词记忆 indicatein(向内)+dic-(说,讲)

6、+ate(动词词尾)indicate v.暗示【即学活用】(1)语法填空。There is a great deal of evidence _(indicate)that music activities engage different parts of the brain.The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route _ us.He _that an _should give me some _of how I did in the test.(indicate)(2)According to an old

7、proverb,a red sky at night often _(预示着好天气)the next day.indicatingtoindicatedindicatorindicationindicates fineweather3.favo(u)r n.帮助、恩惠;赞成;善意的行为;偏爱;支持;有利于*As the saying goes,“Fortune favours the prepared mind.”俗话说:“幸运总是垂青有准备的人。”*As an examiner,she showed no favour to any candidate.作为主考人她没有偏袒任何应试者。*Ca

8、n I ask you a favour?我可以请你帮个忙吗?*I am all in favour of(=completely support)equal pay for equal work.我完全支持同工同酬。【词块积累】(1)ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙/照顾do a favour for sb.=do sb.a favour给某人恩惠,帮某人忙in favour of 支持,赞同(2)favourite adj.最喜爱的【即学活用】(1)语法填空。Most of them were _favour of my opinion while David was ag

9、ainst it.I owed him _favour,so I couldnt say no.(2)I talked to Susie about it,and shes _(赞成去).(3)Could you _(帮我一个忙)and turn off that light?inain favour of goingdo me a favour/do a favour for me4.charge v.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管*When a thunderstorm approached,the lightning would charge th

10、e key.当雷雨来临时,闪电就会给钥匙充电。*Any driver found drinking will be charged.所有被发现饮酒的司机将会被罚款。*He was charged with murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。*We have to make a small charge for refreshments.我们得收取少量茶点费。*He took charge of the farm after his fathers death.他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。【词块积累】(1)in charge(of)主管;负责;照顾in the charge of=in ones

11、charge由某人负责,由某人管理take charge of 掌管;负责,看管free of charge=for free 免费(2)charge sb.with sth.因某事控告某人charge sb.(money)for sth.向某人索取的费用【名师点津】表示“控告某人某事”还可以用accuse sb.of sth.结构。注意介词搭配的不同。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20,half of what it used _(charge).Your or

12、der will be delivered free _charge within a ten-mile limit.(2)同义句转换。The shop was in his charge while the manager was away.The shop was _him while the manager was away.He was _the shop while the manager was away.He _the shop while the manager was away.to chargeofin the charge ofin charge oftook charg

13、e of5.far from远非*One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident,but actually this is far from the truth.有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然,然而实际上,这远非事实。*In fact,far from being a book about death,it is a book about life.事实上,这不是一本关于死亡的书,而是一本关于生命的书。*If you get to know him,you will find he is far from a foo

14、l.如果你和他熟悉了,就会发现他一点也不傻。*So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy,but it is far fromideal.We have to work still harder.到目前为止,我们已经做了很多工作来建立一个低碳经济,但它离理想还很远。我们还要更努力地工作。【词块积累】far from+n./adj.离很远;远离;远非far from doing sth.决不会做某事far from it完全相反;远非如此【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Your exam results are far _satis

15、factory.Its time for you to double your effort.(2)Far from _(help)the situation,you have just made it worse.fromhelping6.go through穿过;经历;通过;浏览;仔细检查;完成*He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm,electricity could go through the wet kite string down to earth.他发现在雷雨天气放风筝,电可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。*Y

16、ou will eventually have to go through that drawer.你最后需要检查一下抽屉。*He expected the transfer to go through by todays noon deadline.他希望转账在今天中午的最后期限之前完成。*It is not until he goes through real hardship that he realizes the love we have for our families is important.直到他经历真正的困难他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。【词块积累】get throug

17、h 通过(考试等);接通电话:完成;用完look through 浏览;查看break through 冲破;突破see through 看穿,识破【即学活用】(1)写出下列句中go through的含义。I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed._As you go through this book,you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different ex

18、perience._Its love and responsibility that have driven him to go through many hardships and survive._As soon as the law goes through,more food in the super-market will have to be marked with its origin._详细检查读完经历通过(2)I _but I still cant find the contract.我翻阅了所有文件,但依然找不到那份合同。(3)I tried phoning her off

19、ice,but I _.我试着给她的办公室打电话,但是没有打通。have looked through all my paperscouldnt get through7.The story goes like this:Franklin had found lightning interesting for years,believing it was actually electricity.故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。【句式解构】find+宾语+形容词,意为:发现某物*We find the new film that we saw last nig

20、ht very interesting.我们觉得昨晚我们看的新电影很有趣。*I find my cat asleep in my bed.我发现我的猫睡在我的床上。*After a long search,we found the boy safe and sound.经过长久的搜寻,我们发现那个男孩安然无恙。【名师点津】find+宾语+宾语补足语“find+oneself+宾语补足语”通常表示“(在事先毫无知觉的情况下)突然发现自己处于某种状态”。find的常见复合宾语结构:(1)find+宾语十现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语发现某人/某物(2)find+it+形容词/名词+to do

21、 sth.发现/认为做某事【即学活用】(1)语法填空。When he came to life,he found himself _(sit)on a chair,with his hands _(tie)back.But when the police arrived,they found the door _(lock)and all windows _(close).The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _(tell)one from the other.sittingtiedlockedclosedto

22、tell(2)句式升级。He found that his son was surrounded by letters and papers and he was looking very worried._(用“find+宾语+宾语补足语”改写)He found his son surrounded by letters and papers and looking very worried.语法精讲深化学习动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语【情境探究】These female pigs are cloned.So we call them cloned pigsThese female

23、 pigs are cloned.So we call them pigs that/which are cloned.Seen from space,the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space,the earth looks blue.She found the door broken in when she woke up.【要义详析】一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的

24、动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如:spoken English(英语口语),iced beer(冰冻啤酒),cooked food(熟食),fried chips(炸土豆条)。但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如boiled water(开水),fallen leaves(落叶),the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。(1)前置定语。单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。*The excited people rushed into building.(=the people who were excited)激动的人们冲进

25、大楼。*Lost time can never be found again.(=time which is lost)虚度的时光无法挽回。(2)后置定语。少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。*Everything used should be marked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。*Among the people invited were some ladies.被邀请的人中,有些是女士。*The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句

26、。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。*Is there anything planned for tonight?(=that has been planned for tonight)今晚有什么活动吗?*The meeting,attended by a lot of people(=which was attended by a lot of people),was a success.这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。*We drank some boiled(

27、=which had boiled)water and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。二、动词-ed形式作状语1.过去分词作状语表示被动或完成,但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有 lost(迷路),seated(坐),absorbed in(全神贯注于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦)等。如:*Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the soun

28、d.因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。2.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句,在句中一般能作五种状语,即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如:*Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。(Caught in a heavy rain 相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)*Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。(Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If th

29、ese seeds are grown in rich soil)【名师点津】当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,才可以把从句的主语省略,且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或表示状态。*When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.当你做体检时要保持镇定。把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如:*Though beaten by the opposite team,the players didnt

30、 lose heart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了,但他们并没有灰心。三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语1.能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。*My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,强调动作完成后的状态。*They found all the guests gone when they woke up.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。2.动词的-

31、ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。*I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语)*The girl was found beaten black and blue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consid

32、er等。*We thought the game lost.我们认为比赛输了。*I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。*They considered the matter settled.他们认为这问题解决了。(2)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。*I have my hair cut once a month.我每个月理一次发。*He was trying to make himself understood.他试图让别人明白他的意思

33、。“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义:(请人)把某事做完。*She had her house repaired.她请人把屋子修好了。*Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发?遭遇某种意外情况。*He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。*She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。完成某事(自己也可能参与)。*I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正

34、了。*He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.他今年已存了1 000元。(3)动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,want,wish,expect,order等。*He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。*The students wish the TV serial plays continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语

35、之间是动宾关系。*The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在背后。【即学活用】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空,并与AC的汉语翻译相匹配。impress/pour/speakA.覆水难收B.流连忘返C.一言既出,驷马难追Once _,a word becomes a promise._Once _,water cannot be taken back again._by the beautiful scenery,I forgot to go back home in time._spoke

36、nCpouredAImpressedB(2)语法填空。_(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful to us._(give)time,hell make a first class tennis player._(look)out of the window,I found many children playing on the playground.SeenGivenLooking(3)翻译句子。由于被妈妈所说的话感动,我忍不住哭了起来。_ 如果给我们一个机会,我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。_ 当问到他出生在哪里时,约翰说

37、他是纽约人。_ Moved by what my mother said,I couldnt help crying.Given a chance,we could give a very good performance.When asked where he was born,John said he was a New Yorker.【语法主题应用】使用本单元所学的语法知识填空。When a baby is in danger,its mother will be crazy and worried.This is something anyone can relate to,even

38、though we are talking about a mother elephant 1._(separate)from her child.A video 2._(record)the reunion between the elephant and her 8-month-old baby in Kenya was one of the most impressive scenes.The baby fell inside a man-made hole and was unable to climb out,according to the video 3._(release)by

39、 the Amboseli Trust for Elephants.Despite the best effortsseparatedrecordingreleased4._(make)by her desperate mother,the baby seemed helpless until a team of workers rushed 5._(help).They had to drive the overprotective mother away first,so that they could get close enough 6._(rescue)thebaby with ro

40、pes and a vehicle.Luckily,the workers managed 7._(pull)the baby to safety.What followed was a 8._(touch)scene.As soon as the baby was freed,it ran away across the plain.In the distance,the cries of her mother could be heard as she came 9._(run)from the opposite direction.The two were reunited,10._(h

41、ug)each other with their trunks.madeto helpto rescueto pulltouchingrunninghugging读写结合表达升级【文体感知】Task 1 框架宏观建构:整体理解1.Skim and match each event with its time.2.A.On Thursday.B.On FridayC.On Wednesday答案:(1)(3)CBA(1)Dr.Li gave us a lecture(2)School Science Festival came to an end(3)Students did different

42、 experiments2.Read the passage and fill in the blanks.Theme(1)_EventsDr.Lis(2)_ about whether life can exist on other planets.Students tried different(3)_ with great interest.Every class decorated(4)_and designed(5)_ according to the theme of space.Spacelectureexperimentstheir classroomactivitiesTas

43、k 2 文本微观剖析:特色表达1.What can you do in Science Workshop?A.We can attend an interesting lecture.B.We can decorate our classroom.C.We can conduct various experiments.D.We can design activities.2.What contributed most to the Science Festivals success?A.Team effort.B.The theme.C.Dr.Lis lecture.D.Wonderful

44、experiments.答案:12.CA【实践应用】【模板构建】.is scheduled to be held./.is going to hold.(交代背景信息、时间、地点等)。The purpose of this festival/activity is to./At this festival,you will.Whats more,.Besides,.is of great value/importance.(分点介绍活动/节日事项、意义)。I would appreciate it if you could join us/Welcome to join./I wish you

45、 can join.(提出邀请)。【典题仿写】假定你是李华,想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”,并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:1.写信意图;2.活动时间和地点;3.活动目的和内容;4.表达希望。注意:1.词数80个左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:科技小发明:technology gadgets。Dear David,Im glad to invite you to the Science Festival_ _ _Yours,Li Hua【遣词造句】完成句子1.科技节定于上午8点到11点在操场上举行。(be scheduled

46、 to do sth.)_ 2.科技节持续3个小时。(last)_ The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m.to 11 a.m.The festival lasts three hours.3.它的目的是鼓励我们学生的创造性思考和与他人分享我们的作品。(as well as)_ 4.各种各样的设备在我们的日常生活中用处很大。(be of great use)_ 5.一些优秀的学生发明家会介绍他们的技术小工具的功能,并当场示范。(on the spot)_ Its purpose i

47、s to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share ourworks with others.Various gadgets are of great use in our daily life.Some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technologygadgets and perform them on the spot.6.我认为这将是最令人兴奋的部分。(exciting)_ 句式升级7.用分词作状语合并句1和

48、句2。_8.用定语从句合并句5和句6。_ I think it will be the most exciting part.The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m.to 11 a.m.,lasting three hours.Some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technologygadgets and perform them on the spot,which I thi

49、nk will be the most excitingpart.【完美成篇】Dear David,Im glad to invite you to the Science Festival to be held in our school next Monday to enjoy the students technology gadgets.The Science Festival is scheduled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m.to 11 a.m.,lasting three hours.Its purpose is to

50、encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others.At this festival,you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life.Whats more,some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technologygadgets and perform them on the spot,wh

51、ich I think will be the most exciting part.I would appreciate it if you could join in the coming Science Festival.Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming.【话题拓展】1.话题特点如今的科技正处于快速发展的阶段,各种各样的科技发明给人们带来了方便,也成为了写作的热门话题。2.话题词汇accelerate vt.加速advance v.进展;进步 n.进展;进步;前进challenge n.挑战convenient

52、 adj.便利的,方便的data n.数据,资料database n.数据库download v.下载explore vt.探索insert vt.插入intelligent adj.智能的3.话题句式It goes without saying that.It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.毫无疑问,现代科技给我们的生活带来了方便和舒适。It+be+adj.+that.It is obvious that iPad is of great help to

53、 our study,especially to our English listening.iPad对我们的学习有帮助是显而易见的,尤其是对我们的英语听力。现在分词短语作结果状语Microblog can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure,thus making it more and more popular with high school students.微博可以提供一个平台来展示我们的才华和释放我们的压力,从而使它越来越受高中生的欢迎。“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句No ma

54、tter how attractive the Internet is,we shouldnt be addicted to it.无论网络对我们的吸引力有多大,我们都不应该沉迷于它。“in the last/past+一段时间”作时间状语In the last decades,advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.在过去的几十年间,医疗技术的进步已使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。The Science Festival is sched

55、uled to take place on the playground from 8 a.m.to 11 a.m.,lasting three hours.科技节定于上午8点到11点在操场上举行,持续3个小时。Its purpose is to encourage us students to think creatively as well as share our works with others.它的目的是鼓励我们学生的创造性思考和与他人分享我们的作品。At this festival,you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great

56、use in our daily life.在这个节日里,你可以享受各种各样的小工具,它们在我们的日常生活中非常有用。Whats more,some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technology gadgets and perform them on the spot,which I think will be the most exciting part.另外,一些优秀的学生发明家会介绍他们的技术小工具的功能,并在现场示范,我认为这将是最令人兴奋的部分。I would apprecia

57、te it if you could join in the coming Science Festival.如果你能参加即将到来的科技节,我将不胜感激。课时素养评价十一 Unit 4Grammar and usage&Integrated skills【语用训练】.单句语法填空1.Some of the people_(invite)to the party cant come.2.The police will come soon to take away the _(damage)car.3.The trees _(blow)down in the storm have been mov

58、ed off the road.4.The bridge _(build)in 2013 was designed by a local company.5.Youd better have your shoes _(mend).6.The father wants his daughter _(teach)the piano.inviteddamagedblownbuiltmendedtaught7.The manager was satisfied to see many new products _(develop)after great effort.8.This is the sta

59、tue of a brave soldier _(seat)on a horse,with a gun on his back.9.The young man,_(tire)of working for others,is determined to start his own firm.10.Aunt Wu came in,_(follow)by her daughter.developedseatedtiredfollowed.句型转换1.Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden.They must be pulle

60、d up.Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden.I must _ them _.2.Though Ive learnt English for years,I still cant make people understand me quite well.Though Ive learnt English for years,I still cant make _quite well.get/havepulled upmyself understood3.Ill just wash the dishes and th

61、en Ill come.Ill just _ the dishes _ and then Ill come.4.I wont hear anyone say anything against him behind his back.I wont hear anything _ against him behind his back.5.After the hurricane,I saw lots of houses whose roofs had been blown off.After the hurricane,I saw lots of houses with _.6.Because s

62、he was born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of schooling._,Nadia had only two years of schooling.get/havewashedsaidroofs blown offBorn in a poor family7.Though he is encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties._,he still has no confidence in overcomi

63、ng the difficulties.8.When it is compared with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.Encouraged by his parentsCompared9.When they first were introduced to the market,these products enjoyed

64、great success.When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.10.Having finished the interview,the manager went to his office,who was followed by the interviewer.Having finished the interview,the manager went to his office,_ by the interviewer.introducedfollowed【主题阅读】.阅读理解(2020衡阳高一检测

65、)Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy,warm,damp and thick.But if you had been around 15,000 years ago,during the last ice age,would it have been the same?For more than 30 years,scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted to

66、 the cold,dry climates of the ice ages,but until now,no one has reached a satisfying answer.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year:equal to

67、the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.But how will the Amazon react to future climate change?If it gets drier,will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding

68、how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.Unfortunately,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult.To study past climate,scientists needto look at fossilized pollen,kept in lake mud.Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake se

69、diments(沉淀物)which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery.There are very few roads and paths,or places to land helicopters and airplanes.Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest,but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled(未取样).So far,only a handfu

70、l of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家们对亚马孙雨林如何应对气候变化这一问题的研究。1.How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?A.Itll get drier and conti

71、nue to remove CO2.B.There is no exact answer up to present.C.Itll get warmer and then colder and drier.D.Itll remain steamy,warm,damp and thick.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段可知,科学家们对亚马孙雨林如何应对将来的气候变化这一问题到目前为止还没有得出确切的答案,故B项正确。2.Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?A.Its important to drill deep down into lake

72、 sediments to collect information.B.Its impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.C.Its hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.D.Its necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate.【解析】选C。主旨大意题(段落大意)

73、。根据最后一段内容,特别是根据“Unfortunately,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult.”可知,本段主要介绍了很难搜集过去亚马孙雨林气候的信息,故C项正确。3.What is the best title for this passage?A.Studies of the RainforestsB.Climates of the AmazonC.Secrets of the Ice AgeD.Changes of the Rainforests【解析】选A。主旨

74、大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“For more than 30 years,scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted to the cold,dry climates of the ice ages,but until now,no one has reached a satisfying answer.”可知,文章主要介绍了科学家们对亚马孙雨林如何应对气候变化这一问题的研究,故A项正确。.语法填空(2020济南高一检测)Newly-developed r

75、obotic arms by Chinese researchers 1.(show)at a sci-tech exhibition on Tuesday in east Chinas Anhui Province.The robotic arms,developed by researchers at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC),have advanced grasping abilities compared 2.those on the market.They can complete flexible

76、 movements including 3.(pick)up pieces of paper,bowls,soft tofu and cakes and placing them in certain places accurately.With the arms,robots can grasp and place different objects 4.(steady)after judging the shape and size of the item.The current robotic arms in China can hardly conduct such complex

77、movements,5.the imported robotic arms with such functions are very expensive.“The new robotic arms cost no more than 1,000 yuan,”said Chen Xiaoping,6.(direct)of the Robotics Laboratory at USTC,adding that this gives them an advantage for much 7.(wide)application.According to Chen,the arms 8.(be)firs

78、t installed on“Kejia”,9.home service robot developed by USTC,and are expected 10.(use)in more fields such as the elderly care services and logistics in the future.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,简要介绍了中国机械手臂研究所取得的成就。1.【解析】were shown。考查动词的时态和语态。由句中的时间状语on Tuesday及主语robotic arms和show之间为动宾关系可知,这里应该用一般过去时的被动语态,即were sho

79、wn。2.【解析】with/to。考查介词。此处是固定搭配,compare with/to意为“和相比”。3.【解析】picking。考查非谓语动词。including是介词,后接动名词短语作宾语,空处和后面的placing构成并列关系,所以用picking。4.【解析】steadily。考查副词。这里用副词steadily修饰place different objects,作方式状语,意为“持续地,稳固地”。5.【解析】and。考查并列连词。两个分句分别说明了当前国内机械手臂的不足之处和进口的同类功能的机械手臂价格昂贵,由此可知两个分句之间是并列关系,所以用and。6.【解析】directo

80、r。考查名词。此处用direct的名词形式director作Chen Xiaoping的同位语,意为“主管,负责人”。7.【解析】wider。考查形容词的比较级。由语境和前面的修饰语much可知,这里应该用比较级。8.【解析】will be。考查动词的时态。由句中的时间状语in the future可知,此处应该用一般将来时。9.【解析】a。考查冠词。这里应该用不定冠词a表示一类事物中的一个,有数量“一”的意思。10.【解析】to be used。考查非谓语动词。因为本句的主语是the arms,谓语是are expected,且the arms与use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以此处应用不定

81、式的被动式,即sth.is expected to be done,所以用to be used。【方法技巧】动词填写小技巧之一:若句中已有谓语动词,且设空处和谓语动词之间没有转折或并列连词时,应该考虑此处考查非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式,done形式,还是 to do 形式。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。本题第3小题,空格前面已经有谓语动词can complete,此处用动名词picking作including的宾语。本题第10小题,空格前面已经有谓语动词 are expected,此处用不定式的被动式to be used。.完形填空Bending

82、our knees in the sand and protected by only a plastic glove,I put my hand into the cigarette ends,drink bottles and rotten fruit.I shouted to my friends,triumphantly(得意地)waving a 1sock at them before dropping it into the rubbish bag.My friends and I are 2of the CSF,a high school community service cl

83、ub.On a Sunday morning we came to the Santa Monica Beach as 3as possible.It was Step.17.International Coastal Cleanup Day,and people in more than 90 countries were 4to clean up the beaches.When four of us and the club adviser 5near the Santa Monica Pier(码头),the beach wasnearly empty.We were 6with pl

84、astic gloves,rubbish bags and information 7,which we used to record the rubbish we found for later research.In 8of two or three,we started by collecting the most noticeable pieces of rubbish,such as bottles and bags.Soon our backs were hurting from 9so much.To pass the time,our club adviser invented

85、 a 10called“Balloon Search”whichever group found the most shreds(碎片)of balloons would 11.My group found several sickening and 12items,such as,used underwear,dead birds and toothbrushes.Another group 13found false teeth!After three hours of collecting rubbish,we treated ourselves to lunch.I washed my

86、 14with a soap four times in the bathroom,but the smell of rotten fish stayed.Although we were tired,we all 15that the work was definitely worth it.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者和朋友作为高中社区服务俱乐部CSF的成员在9月17日国际海岸清理日那天在圣莫妮卡海滩上捡垃圾的经历,虽然很累,但他们都认为很值得。1.A.beautifulB.muddyC.plasticD.white【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。beautiful美丽的;m

87、uddy泥泞的;plastic塑料的;white白色的。根据本空前的“Bending our knees in the sand”可知,我们是在沙滩上捡垃圾,自然是泥泞的,故B选项切题。2.A.studentsB.customersC.cleaners D.members【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。students学生;customers顾客;cleaners清洁工;members会员,成员。根据本空后的“of the CSF,a high school community service club”可知,我和我的朋友们是高中社区服务俱乐部CSF的成员,故D选项切题。3.A.earlyB.

88、lateC.soonD.often【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。early早;late晚;soon很快;often经常。根据本空前的“On a Sunday morning we came to the Santa Monica Beach as”可知,一个星期日的早晨我们尽可能早地来到圣莫妮卡海滩,故A选项切题。4.A.callingB.gatheringC.meeting D.pretending【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。calling打电话;gathering聚集,集中;meeting会见;pretending假装。根据本空后的“to clean up the beaches”可

89、知,来自90多个国家的人聚集在一起清理海滩,故B选项切题。5.A.turned up B.came upC.turned out D.came out【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。turned up出现;came up走近,发生;turned out结果是;came out出版。根据本空后的“near the Santa Monica Pier,the beach was nearly empty”可知,当我们出现在圣莫妮卡码头的时候,海滩几乎空无一人,故A选项切题。6.A.equippedB.filledC.coveredD.pulled【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。equipped装备

90、;filled充满;covered覆盖;pulled拉。根据本空后的“with plastic gloves,rubbish bags.”可知,我们配备塑料手套、垃圾袋和信息表,故A选项切题。7.A.scoresB.papersC.toolsD.sheets【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。scores分数;papers试卷;tools工具;sheets纸张,表格。根据本空后的“which we used to record the rubbish we found for later research”可知,信息表用来记录找到的日后研究用的垃圾,故D选项切题。8.A.searchB.memor

91、yC.groupsD.forms【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。search搜寻;memory记忆;groups组;forms形式。根据本空后的“of two or three,we started by collecting the most.”可知,三两个人为一组,我们开始捡最显而易见的垃圾,故C选项切题。9.A.walking around B.bending over C.falling downD.moving back【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。walking around四处走动;bending over俯身;falling down跌倒;moving back返回。捡垃圾自

92、然是需要俯身,我们由于俯身太多而后背疼痛,故B选项切题。10.A.gameB.machineC.sportD.rule【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。game游戏;machine机器;sport体育运动;rule规则。根据本空后的“Balloon Search”可知,我们的俱乐部顾问发明了一个名叫“气球搜索”的游戏,故A选项切题。11.A.leaveB.blowC.winD.speak【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。leave离开;blow吹;win赢得,获胜;speak说话。根据本空前的“whichever group found the most shreds of balloons wo

93、uld”可知,找到最多气球碎片的小组将会在游戏中获胜,故C选项切题。12.A.interesting B.surprisingC.important D.pleasant【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。interesting有趣的;surprising令人惊讶的;important重要的;pleasant愉快的。根据本空后的“items,such as,used underwear,dead birds and toothbrushes”可知,我所在的组找到了像用过的内衣、死鸟和牙刷这样令人作呕和惊讶的东西,故B选项切题。13.A.againB.stillC.evenD.suddenly【解

94、析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。again再次;still仍然;even甚至;suddenly突然。根据本空后的“found false teeth”可知,另一个小组甚至还找到了假牙,此处表示递进,故C选项切题。14.A.clothesB.handsC.faceD.hair【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。clothes衣服;hands手;face脸;hair头发。吃饭前自然是要洗手,故B选项切题。15.A.agreedB.decided C.promised D.understood【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。agreed同意;decided决定;promised承诺;understood理解

95、。根据本空后的“that the work was definitely worth it”可知,尽管很累,我们一致认为我们的工作是值得的,故A选项切题。.应用文写作(2020武汉高一检测)浙江虽然是水资源大省,但对水资源的保护也刻不容缓。假如你是李华,请代表学生会向全校发起“珍惜水资源,节约用水”的倡议。内容提示:1.珍惜水资源的重要性;2.如何从身边小事做起。注意:1.词数 80个左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】My dear fellow students,As the concept of environmental protection draws incre

96、asing concern,water conservation,which is vital for the survival of humans as well as other species,has engaged growing public attention.Hence,on behalf of the Students Union,I call on you to save water.To start with the little things around,switch off the tap when it is not in use;minimize daily wa

97、ter consumption by reusing water like flushing the toilet with fish-tank water.Besides,water-saving devices should be adopted by more families.I strongly believe that a better world owes to the commitment and dedication of everyone.Li Hua阅读理解(2020开封高一检测)On April 2,we said goodbye to Tiangong,Chinas

98、first space lab.According to the China Manned Space Agency,Tiangong re-entered the Earths atmosphere(大气层)and fell into the South Pacific Ocean.There are many spacecraft that are still in orbit above the Earth.They are flying at heights ranging from 300 to 1,000 kilometers.After finishing their trips

99、,they will all re-enter the Earths atmosphere like Tiangong.There are two types of re-entries:controlled(受控的)re-entry and uncontrolled re-entry.Some satellites(卫星)and manned spacecraft come back to the Earth in a controlled re-entry.Scientists calculate(计算)the path of the falling spacecraft and its

100、speed.They can guide the spacecraft to fall in a chosen area.In 2017,Tianzhou,Chinas first cargo(货运)spacecraft,was directed to fall in the South Pacific Ocean.Some spacecraft may have problems while in space,or are simply no longer usable after a certain amount of time.These craft come back in an un

101、controlled re-entry.It is hard to tell when and where these spacecraft will fall until the last few hours.The US space station Skylab came back partially uncontrolled in 1979.Parts of the station fell in western Australia,but no one was injured.During re-entry,most of the spacecraft will burn up whi

102、le passing through the Earths atmosphere.Only a small amount of the debris(碎片)will reach the ground.The debris typically ends up falling into the ocean,China Daily reported.Tiangong weighs about 8.5 tons.The amount of debris that falls to the Earth might be about 1 to 1.5 tons,the Beijing News repor

103、ted.That is about the same weight as a car.【文章大意】这是一篇科教类说明文。文中作者从天宫一号的返回说起,介绍了航天器的可控回收和不可控回收。1.The debris from Tiangong _.A.fell into the South Pacific OceanB.fell in western AustraliaC.fell in the central part of the USD.fell into the North Pacific Ocean【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段Tiangong re-entered the Ear

104、ths atmosphere and fell into the South Pacific Ocean.可知,来自天宫一号的碎片落入南太平洋,故选A。2.When the spacecraft finishes its trip,it will _.A.burn up and disappearB.re-enter the Earths atmosphereC.speed up and fly back to EarthD.enter another orbit and stay in space【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段After finishing their trips,th

105、ey will all re-enter the Earths atmosphere like Tiangong.可知,当宇宙飞船完成旅程时,它将重新进入地球的大气层,故选B。3.Which of the following is TRUE about the US space station Skylab?A.It came back in a controlled re-entry.B.Some people were injured by its debris.C.It was hard to tell where it would fall in advance.D.It was di

106、rected to fall into the ocean.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段It is hard to tell when and where these spacecraft will fall until the last few hours.The US space station Skylab came back partially uncontrolled in 1979.Parts of the station fell in western Australia,but no one was injured.可知,很难提前说美国空间站Skylab会降落到哪里,故选C。4.This story most likely comes from _.A.a storybook B.a government reportC.a science magazine D.a movie review【解析】选C。推理判断题。阅读全文,根据文章内容可知,本文主要讲述了航天器的可控回收和不可控回收,故应该来源于科学杂志,故选C。