Unit 3 Environmental Protection-单元语法和写作-高二英语重难点词句语法基础 提升练（新人教版选择性必修三）.docx

1、 选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元语法及写作一、单元语法（直接引语和间接引语） 直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 如：John said, “I have worked out this maths problem.”-直接引语=John said that he had worked out this maths problem. -间接引语用法归纳：一、陈述句直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句（that可省略

2、）, 主句的位于动词主要有say, tell, repeat, think, explain等。同时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其一般规则如下：1. 时态的变化（以do为例）直接引语间接引语时态do/doesdidam/is/are doingwas/were doinghas/have donehad donedidhad donehad donehad done 不变will dowould do【注意】；下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。(1) 主句的时态为一般现在时或一般将来时。如：Ling Ling says, “Li Ming doe

3、s well in English.”-Ling Ling says that Li Ming does well in English.(2) 直接引语陈述的是客观事实或真理。如：“The earth goes around the sun,” said our teacher.-Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.(3) 直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语。如：The young man told me, “I was enjoyed by the company in 1998.”-The young man told

4、 me that he was employed by the company in 1998.2. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 this-thatthesethosenow-then today-that dayyesterday-the day before Tomorrow-the next/following dayhere-therecome-go【注意】：如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go；如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。3. 人称代词的变化(1) “一随主”：若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接

5、引语时应与主句中主语人称相一致。(2) “二随宾”：若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。(3) “第三人称不更新”：直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。二、疑问句直接引语时疑问句时，间接引语要用陈述语序，主句的谓语动词常用ask,或改为wonder, do not know等。1. 若直接引语时一般疑问句或反义疑问句，变间接引语时将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句。John asked, “Have you finished your homework?”-John asked if/whether I had finished my hom

6、ework.2. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变间接引语时则将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。“Where are you from?” John asked me.-John asked me where I was from.3. 若直接引语为选择疑问句，变间接引语时则将直接引语变为whetheror引导的宾语从句。 “Do you want to go home or stay here?” She asked.-She asked me whether I wanted to go home or stay there.三、祈使句1. 引述表示命令的祈使句，常用tell, orde

7、r转述；2. 引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，可用advise, suggest等词转述；3. 引述表示请求的祈使句，常用ask, beg等词转述；4. 引述表警告或提醒的祈使句，常用remind, warn等词转述。 “Hand in your homework after school.” the teacher said to the students. -The teacher told the students to hand in their homework after school. “Please forgive me,” she said to her father.-She

8、begged her father to forgive her.四、感叹句：感叹句的间接引语可以用what/how 引导 They said, “How lovely the day is!” - They said how lovely the day was.I、单句语法填空1. The physics teacher told his students that light _(travel) faster than sound.2. Mary asked me _ I would go to the concert with her that evening.3. He said t

9、hey had insisted that she _(start) immediately.4. Mr. Wang told the children that he _(leave) for Shanghai on business next month.5. She said that she _(write) a letter when he knocked at the door.6. Cheng Le advised us _(read) a good English magazine, like Time.7. The little girl told him that she

10、_(watch) the wonderful football match the month before.8. The match was put off to _ next day because of bad weather.II、句型转换：直接引语变成间接引语1. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”_2. “You must come here before five.” He said._3. “Did you see her last week?” John asked.

11、_4. “Where have you been these days?” he asked._5. Li Ming said, “Lets go to the theater this evening.”_二、单元主题写作：write an report on an environmental issueI典例详析 某英文报刊将开展一次主题为“Environmental Protection”的征文活动。请你以“Reducing air pollution”为题，写一篇100词左右的英文报告。内容如下：1. 提出问题；2. 给出建议；3. 得出结论及期望。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可

12、适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_a. 关键词语：1. 导致，造成，引起_2. 对有影响 _3. 对造成极大伤害_4. 对有害处_5. 呼吁某人做某事 _6. 与和谐相处_7. 用尽，耗尽，用完_8. 采取措施做某事_9. 对负责/承担责任_10. 努力做 _b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：提出问题：1. 众所周知，空气污染变得越来越严重了，这引起了我们极大的重视。（定语从句）_衔接上下文：2. 为了解决这个问题，政府还有我们个人都应采取有效的措施。_措施1：3. 政府应制定严格的规章制度，迫使一些工厂关闭或搬出市中心。(doing做结果状语)_措施2：4. 应生产使用

13、新能源的汽车和公交车，只有这样，才能大幅减少二氧化碳排放。（倒装句）_措施3：5. 我们个人应提高保护环境的意识，并呼吁更多的人积极参与到此当中来。_得出结论：6. 正是随着这些措施的生效和国民做出的不懈努力，我坚信我们能过上更幸福的生活。_连句成文（注意使用适当的连词，并尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：_实战演练：(一) 全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题，请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，为节能减排献计献策。要点提示：1.球变暖的原因和危害；2.应对措施；3. .注意：1. 词数 80-100；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _(二) 假设你是李华，将为你校英语报写一篇有关交通安全

14、的报告。你通过采访有关部门，获得了你市去年的交通事故统计图表，请根据得到的信息为校 报写一篇报告，呼吁人们重视交通安全，遵守交通规则。写作要点：1. 交通事故发生的数量和危害；2. 事故原因（道路拥挤、违章、酒后驾车）；3. 防范措施。注意：词数100左右。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_Unit 3 单元语法和写作参考答案：I. 1 travels 2 if/whether 3 should start 4 would leave 5 was writing 6 to read 7 had watched 8 theII. 1 The teacher said

15、 that the sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.2. He said that I had to go there before five.3. John asked if/whether I had seen her the week before.4. He asked where I had been those days.5. Li Ming suggested that they should go to the theatre that evening.=Li Ming suggested going to the

16、 theatre that evening.a. 1 lead to/result in/bring about2 have an effect/influence/impact on3 cause/do great damage to 4 do harm to/be harmful to 5 call on/appeal to sb. to do sth.6 live in harmony with 7 run out of vi/ run out/use up vt. 8 take steps/measures/actions to do sth. 9 take responsibilit

17、y for 10 make an effort/make every effort/make great efforts/spare no efforts to do sth. b. 1. As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has caused our great attention. 2. 为了：to do/in order to do/in an effort to do/in a bid to do/in an attempt to do/ with the aim

18、/intention/purpose of doing/ aim to do/ be aimed at doingIn an attempt to tackle the problem, the government, along with us individuals, should take some effective measures. 3. The government should set up strict regulations, forcing some factories to close down or move out of the city center. 4. Ca

19、rs and buses using new clean energy should be produced. Only in this way, can the carbon dioxide emission be dramatically reduced/lead to a dramatic decrease. 5. We as individuals should raise the awareness of environmental protection and call on more people to be actively involved in it. 6. It is w

20、ith these measures in effect and tireless efforts made by citizens that I hold the firm belief that we can live a happier life.连句成文（注意使用适当的连词，并尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：Reducing air pollutionAs is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has caused our great attention.In an attemp

21、t to tackle the problem, the government, along with us individuals, should take some effective measures. To begin with, the government should set up strict regulations, forcing some factories to close down or move out of the city center. Furthermore, cars and buses using new clean energy should be p

22、roduced. Only in this way, can the carbon dioxide emission bring about a dramatic decrease. Most importantly/Best of all, we as individuals should raise the awareness of environmental protection and call on more people to be actively involved in it. It is with these measures in effect and tireless e

23、fforts made by citizens that I hold the firm belief that we can live a happier life.实战演练一With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has become one of the most serious problems nowadays. The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps

24、the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on.Therefore, its time that we should take steps to make a difference. First of all, energy should be saved. Whats more, we should plant more trees as they

25、absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh our spirit when we look at them. Most importantly, we should talk with our family and friends about global warming to raise peoples awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.实战演练二As is known to all, many road accidents happened every yea

26、r, leading to many people being killed or injured. Whats worse, road accidents are tending to increase.The main reason why so many traffic accidents have happened is that the roads are crowded and people ignore traffic rules. Some drivers disobey traffic rules and drive after drinking alcohol. Aimed

27、 at reducing traffic accidents, firstly, the government should take some proper measures, such as widening the roads. Moreover, the police should make people obey the rules strictly and call on everyone to obey traffic rules for the safety of all people. Only when people have decided to take action, will traffic problems be solved.