《赢在课堂》2015-2016学年高二英语外研版必修4同步练习：4.1 INTRODUCTIONREADING.docx

1、SectionIntroduction,Reading&Vocabulary一、单词拼写1.Somesofanimalshavedisappearedbecausetheycouldnotadapttothechangingenvironment.答案:species2.Themanwasoneofthegreatfinhistory.答案:figures3.Thewriterwaseataverygoodschoolwhenhewasyoung.答案:educated4.Thatbuildinghasbeencintoaschool.答案:converted5.Hehaspquitealot

2、ofarticles.答案:published6.Weaimat(质量)ratherthanquantity.答案:quality7.Chinaisan(农业的)country.答案:agricultural8.China(出口)goodstomanycountriesandregions.答案:exports9.The(最初的)ownerofthehousewasDukeWellington.答案:original10.Itsbelievedthatadvertisingcanincrease(产量)andsales.答案:yield11.Heneedsahighincometo(供养)su

3、chalargefamily.答案:support二、用方框内所给词或短语的适当形式填空bringupbeinterestedinthekeytoreplace.withfigureoutbreakthroughrefertobringinsearchforsupport1.Latertheywillthestickabigstone.答案:replace;with2.Surgeonshavemadeagreatinthekidneytransplant.答案:breakthrough3.TheauthorbeginsbytheearlyhistoryofIndia.答案:referringt

4、o4.ImustthatlostwalletuntilIfindit.答案:searchfor5.Justthenawhite-hairedoldwomanentered,byagirl.答案:supported6.JohnwasborninTexasbutinOkalahoma.答案:broughtup7.Theywhatwasgoingonintheartworld.答案:wereinterestedin8.Thefirmhasanewmanagementteamtoworkontheproject.答案:broughtin9.Thepolicemanholdssolvingthecrim

5、e.答案:thekeyto10.Ijustcantwhyhegaveupsuchagoodchance.答案:figureout三、阅读理解ADoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolishexperiments?Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorth

6、esolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidntsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.And,hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudrop

7、thematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatight(紧的)littleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldntbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresent-da

8、yunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.AndtheseunderstandingssetasidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.1.Thepassagetells

9、usthatCharlesDarwin.A.wasagreatAmericanscientistB.alwaysdidtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD.didntgetonwellwithothers答案:C解析:推理判断题。短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家,可排除A项;由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验不值得做,可把B项排除;文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情,可排除D项。由第三段“And,hebelievedallthin

10、gscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.”可推出答案为C项。2.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“”.A.throwawayB.storeupC.puttouseD.realize答案:A解析:词义猜测题。由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的理解。因此这些理解当然是“推翻了”一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。3.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto.A.convinceusthatCh

11、arlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD.drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus答案:D解析:推理判断题。由最后一段可知,最简单的事情也可能动摇科学的根基,目的在于告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事情,即使它非常简单。4

12、.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.B.AccordingtosomepeopleDarwindidfoolishexperiments.C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.答案:B解析:细节理解题。第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimplean

13、dbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?”明确告诉我们,有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。BRecordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudysays.Beehives(蜂窝)eitherrecordedorrealmayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmers crops.In2002,scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoi

14、dcertaintreeswithbeeslivinginthem.Today,LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingcrops.Butbeforesheaskedfarmerstogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms,sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetuparecorder.

15、Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmeddown.Next,LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinatreeclosetoeachfamily.Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesa

16、metimerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halftheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenseconds.Outofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.Lucyreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderthem.WhenLucyplayedthesoundofawaterfall(瀑布)insteadoftheangrybeestoma

17、nyofthesameelephantfamilies,theanimalswereundisturbed.Evenafterfourminutes,mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveraltimes.Shehasnttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,butherinitial(最初的)resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrial

18、swithfarmers.Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.5.Weknowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightenedof.A.loudnoisesB.somecropsC.videocamerasD.angrybees答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知,D项正确。6.Asmentionedinthepassage,Lucy.A.worksbyherselfinAfricaB.needstotestmoreelephantgrou

19、psC.hasstoppedelephantseatingcropsD.hasgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第一段第二句“Shehasnttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow”可知,B项正确。7.WhydidLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?A.Torecordthesoundofbees.B.Tomakeavideoofelephants.C.Toseeifelephantswouldrunaway.D.Tofindoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofb

20、ees.答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“.setuparecorder”和最后一句可知,A项正确。8.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.YoungelephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.B.Waterfallscanmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.C.Elephantsdonotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.D.FarmersdonotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据

21、第二段第一句和第二句可知,C项正确。四、完形填空Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull1ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesntacceptideaswhicharenot2onobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthority(权威)astheonly3fortruth.Healways4ideascarefullyandmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseof5sciencemayperhapsbeconsidered

22、to6asfarbackasthe7ofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholived8theyears1214and1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddle9tosuggestthatweshouldlearnscience10observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself11manyimportantdiscoveries.Galileo,however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegrea

23、testofseveralgreatmen,12livedinItaly,France,GermanyorEngland,andbeganby13toshowhowmanyimportant14couldbediscoveredbyobservation.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore15towardstheearththansmallones,16Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe17oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo18stonesand

24、provedAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileos19ofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingour20andtheoriesbyexperiments,thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.1.A.useB.timeC.speedD.trust答案:A解析:makefulluseof为固定短语,意为“充分利用”,这里指“充分利用他所观察的事实”。2.A.workedB.basedC.livedD.written答案:B解析:bebasedon“以为根据”,这里指“以明显的事实依据”。3.A.r

25、easonB.causeC.adviceD.result答案:A解析:好的科学家不认为权威就是真理的理由。reason“理由,原因”,符合语境。4.A.thinksB.checksC.hasD.learns答案:B解析:他总是仔细审核观点并做试验来验证。check“证明,核对”,符合语境。5.A.naturalB.physicalC.ancientD.modern答案:D解析:从本文最后一句可以推知,此处应该是指“现代”科学。6.A.dateB.keepC.lookD.take答案:A解析:dateback(to.)为固定短语,意为“追溯到”,符合语境。keepback“阻止”;lookbac

26、k“回顾”;takeback“送还”。7.A.studyB.timeC.yearD.birth答案:B解析:现代科学的兴起或许可以追溯到罗杰培根时期。time此处意为“时代,时期”。8.A.bothB.eachC.betweenD.among答案:C解析:根据上下文,此处指的是生活在1214年和1292年之间,而不是生活在这两年,且“between.and.”为固定搭配。9.A.SchoolsB.AgesC.DaysD.Countries答案:B解析:age此处意为“时代,时期”。theMiddleAges“中世纪”。10.A.inB.withC.onD.by答案:D解析:我们应该通过对周围的

27、事情进行观察和实验来学习科学。on和by都有“靠,凭借”的意思,by后接动词-ing,符合语境;on后常接名词或代词。11.A.didB.madeC.tookD.gave答案:B解析:培根自己也有很多重大发现。makeadiscovery为固定短语,意为“做出发现”。12.A.whoB.whenC.thatD.where答案:A解析:此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是severalgreatmen,故用who引导。13.A.waysB.degreesC.levelsD.chance答案:B解析:bydegrees为固定短语,相当于gradually,意为“渐渐地,逐渐地”。14.A.truths

28、B.problemsC.peopleD.subjects答案:A解析:根据语境,此处指通过观察、实验来发现“真理”,故选A项。15.A.slowlyB.rapidlyC.lightlyD.heavily答案:B解析:在伽利略之前的学者认为,大的物体比小的物体降落的速度快,故用rapidly“迅速地”。16.A.whenB.becauseC.althoughD.if答案:B解析:当时的人们把亚里士多德当作权威,因此人们对他的观点深信不疑。because引导原因状语从句。17.A.placeB.footC.topD.ceiling答案:C解析:此处指这一试验是在比萨斜塔的顶上进行的,故选top。p

29、lace“位置,地方”;foot“底部”;ceiling“天花板”。18.A.bigB.smallC.equalD.unequal答案:D解析:根据上文所述,人们相信大物体总比小物体下落快。为了做实验来推翻亚里士多德的这一观点,伽利略到比萨斜塔的顶部同时放下两个“体积不等”的石块。19.A.spiritB.skillC.theoryD.discovery答案:A解析:从上文可以看出,这就是伽利略直接走向大自然的精神。spirit“精神”。20.A.plansB.opinionsC.worldD.ability答案:B解析:伽利略通过实验证明我们的观点和理论的精神引领了所有现代科学的发现。opi

30、nion“观点”。五、语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。CharlieChaplinwasanEnglishcomicactorandfilm1.(direct)ofthesilentfilmerawhobecameoneofthebest-knownfilmstarsintheworldbeforetheendoftheWorldWar.Chaplinusedmime,slapstick(打闹剧)andothervisualcomedyroutines,and2.(continue)wellintotheeraofthetalkies(有声电影)

31、,3.hisfilmsdecreasedinfrequencyfromtheendofthe1920s.HismostfamousrolewasthatofTheTramp,whichhefirst4.(play)intheKeystonecomedyKidAutoRacesatVenicein1914.FromtheApril1914one-reelerTwentyMinutesofLoveonwardshewaswritinganddirectingmostofhisfilms,by1916hewasalsoproducingthem,and5.1918hewasevencomposing

32、themusicforthem.Chaplinwasoneof6.(create)andinfluentialpersonalitiesofthesilentfilmera.He7.(influence)byhispredecessor(前辈),theFrenchsilentmoviecomedianMaxLinder,towhomhededicatedoneofhisfilms.Hisworkinglifein8.(entertain)spanned(延续)over75years,fromtheVictorianstageandtheMusicHallintheUnitedKingdomas

33、achild9.(perform),untilclosetohisdeathattheageof88.In1999,theAmericanFilmInstituterankedChaplinthe10thgreatestmalescreenlegendof10.time.GeorgeBernardShawcalledChaplin“theonlygeniustocomeoutofthemovieindustry.”答案:1.director2.continued3.though4.played5.from6.themostcreative7.wasinfluenced8.entertainment9.performer10.all