专题 16 中国文化读写专项：少林武术 中国书法-2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练 素材积累 .docx

1、Lesson 3 Shaolin Wushu 少林武术Shaolin Wushu (Shaolin Martial Art) is one of the most influential types of Chinese martial art, and its named after the Shaolin Temple located in Dengfeng County, Henan Province. The monks in the Shaolin Temple began to study martial art during the Southern and Northern D

2、ynasties and this tradition was popular during the Sui and the Tang dynasties (581-907). Shaolin Wushu is famous both at home and abroad as a highly effective method of self-defense and health-building. Combining both external and internal, and hard and soft exercises, Shaolin Wushu involves various

3、 methods of fighting techniques, consisting of barehanded boxing and weaponry combat. The Shaolin boxing has compactly designed routines. Its movements are quick, powerful and flexible; both practical for defense and attack. The most outstanding characteristic of Shaolin boxing is that the practitio

4、ner works on one straight line. It means that his movements of advancing, retreating, turning around, sideways, or jumping are restrained on one line. His arms are kept slightly bent so that he can stretch out to attack or withdraw freely for self defense. Another characteristic of Shaolin Wushu is

5、to maintain the body in perfect balance, as stable as a mountain. The practitioners should keep a calm and peaceful mind but strike with great force and speed. He should be good at borrowing force from the opponent. That is, he should not meet the opponents strikes head-on, but take advantage of the

6、 strikers force and go along with it to bring him to avoid a force of a thousand weights. The practitioner should know how to make false strikes and when striking, hit the vital parts of the opponent. The movements should be as skillful in physical movements as a cat, the shaking as a tiger, the mov

7、ing as a dragon, the advancing as lightning and the yelling as thunder. Shaolin Wushu is a very convenient sport, for the practice does not need a large space and is not affected by weather or the kind of weapons used. There are many routines. External exercises include Minor Hong Boxing, Greater Ho

8、ng Boxing, Old Hong Boxing, Chaoyang Boxing, Chang Boxing, Plum Blossom Boxing, Cannon Boxing, Luohan Buddha Boxing, Tongbei Boxing, Seven-star Boxing, Dragon-out-of-the-sea Boxing and Shooting-star Boxing; for internal exercises there are Xingyi Boxing and Juji Boxing. Shaolin boxing can be practic

9、ed singly or in pairs. The double routines include: Banshou Liuhe Boxing, Yaoshou Liuhe Boxing and Kick and Strike Liuhe Boxing.（410 words）Helper:influential nfluenl 有影响的；有权势的 external ekst:nl 外面的，外部的 compactly kmpktli 细密地，简洁地 routine ru:ti:n 程序, 例行公事 flexible fleksbl 灵活的 practitioner prktn(r) 从业者，执

10、业者 retreat ritri:t 撤退，后退 restrain ristrein限制， 抑制 opponent punnt对手 head-on迎面的 vital vaitl 至关重要的, 生死攸关的 yell jel 叫喊 Chinese Brief Introduction: 少林武术是中国最有影响的一个武术流派，因形成于少林寺而得名。少林寺位于中国中部河南省登封县嵩岳少室山北麓，始建于北魏孝文帝太和十九年。据史料记载，少林寺习武始于南北朝而盛于隋唐，后又汇集各家之长而逐渐形成为中国最大的武术流派。它的支脉繁衍，遍及各地。少林武术在国内外均享有盛名。它以强身健体、去病延年、保护名山、镇守

11、古刹、防身抗暴、杀敌制胜为目的。以朴实无华、套路繁多、功法繁衍、内外武功著称。以技击性强、利于实战为风格。以拳打一条线、威发卧牛地、打人不见形、打了还嫌迟、内静外猛、刚中透柔、劲似曲蓄而有余、借力打人、四两拨千斤、拳打一气连等特点而独创一家，在国内外均享有盛名。少林功夫内容丰富、套路繁多。按性质大致可分为内功、外功、硬功、轻功、气功等。内功以练精气为主；外功、硬功多指锻炼身体某一局部的猛力；轻功专练纵跳和超距；气功包括练气和养气。按技法又分拳术、棍术,枪术,刀术,剑术,技击散打、器械和器械对练等共一百多种。这些套路和软硬功夫，由于年代久远，散失很多Exercise:I. Questions:1

12、. When did the monks in the Shaolin Temple begin to study martial art?2. What are the main characteristics of Shaolin Wushu?3. Why do we say Shaolin Wushu is a very convenient sport?II. Written work假如你叫李华，你的英国留学生朋友Tom打算和你一起度周末。请你给他写封电子邮件，告诉他你的安排。内容要点：1周五晚上你请他住到你家；2周六早上6：30乘汽车前往少林寺参观；3观看少林武术表演，到嵩山和黄河

13、边游览，品尝小吃；4下午六点坐汽车返回。注意：词数100个左右。Lesson 4 Chinese CalligraphyFew nations in the world have calligraphy as a form of art. In China, calligraphy has a long history, is popular among its people, and has maintained a close relationship with Chinese cultural development. Calligraphy looks simple. It seems

14、 as if anyone that can write Chinese characters on xuan paper (a high quality rice paper made for traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy) with a writing brush can become a calligrapher. But it is not true. Calligraphy is a form of art that involves a great deal of theory and requires many skil

15、ls, so there are not many calligraphers that have reached the highest realm of calligraphy. Calligraphy is a constructive art. The calligrapher creates his work with his handling of the ink and the writing brush. The black strokes and white space on the paper create a sense of beauty. For calligraph

16、ers, the writing brush is the extension of their fingers: the rhythm and strength of their writings are all controlled by their moods, and their calligraphy works are expressions of their sensibilities. Calligraphy is an expressive art. In a work of calligraphy, we can see the character, education l

17、evel and experience of the calligrapher. Calligraphy is a practical art f orm. It can be used to write inscriptions on paper or inscribe wooden plaques or stone tablets. Its many attributes show us that calligraphy is a comprehensive art, expressing the personal feeling of the writers. Calligraphy s

18、hows the basic characteristics of all Chinese arts. In Western fine arts, architecture and sculpture are the basis of the other formative, or visual, arts. In China, however, calligraphy and painting are leaders of the other art forms. When calligraphy and painting are mentioned together, calligraph

19、y always comes before painting, although calligraphy is closely associated with traditional Chinese painting. The theories about handling brush and ink are similar in calligraphy writing and traditional Chinese picture drawing. Ancient Chinese sculpture was also influenced by calligraphy in that its

20、 defining characteristic lay in the composition of lines, and its decorative function come from the Zhuan (seal characters) and li(official characters) scripts in Chinese calligraphy. Chinese architecture follow the calligraphic rules of symmetry and balance, and the design of Chinese gardens, pavil

21、ions and temples all reflect the structural rules and rhythms of calligraphy. The development of Chinese handicrafts and folk arts, too, have been influenced by calligraphy to some extent. Thus we can see that calligraphy is the soul of Chinese fine arts. Formative arts are composed of visible facto

22、rs. The smallest visible units are dots, and moving dots form lines. Calligraphy is an organic composition of dots and lines. The moving lines form a surface; the organic composition of dots, lines and surfaces form the painting. The moving surfaces form the body, the basic composition of sculpture,

23、 architecture and some other art forms. (470 words) Helper:calligraphy klgrfi 美术字（体）, 书法 realm relm领域，王国， （学术的）部门，界 constructive knstrktv建设性的, 积极的，有助益的 strokes struk (铅笔、刷子的)一笔，一挥 sensibility sensblt 情感 inscription nskrpn （作者）题词, 献词 inscribe nskrab 雕，刻, 题写 plaque plk 匾 formative f:mtv 造型的 visual viu

24、l 视觉的 symmetrysimitri对称, 对称美 formative art造型艺术 Chinese Brief Introduction: 中国书法是一门古老的汉字书写艺术和视觉艺术，从甲骨文、石鼓文、金文（钟鼎文）演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书，至定型于东汉、魏、晋的草书、楷书、行书等，书法融入了创作者的观念、思维、精神，并能激发审美对象的审美情感，一直散发着艺术的魅力。汉字书法为汉族独创的表现艺术，被誉为：无言的诗，无行的舞；无图的画，无声的乐。那么究竟什么是“书法”呢？我们可以从它的性质、美学特征、源泉、独特的表现手法方面去理解。书法是以汉字为基础、用毛笔书写的、具有四维特征的抽象符

25、号艺术，它体现了万事万物的“对立统一”这个基本规律又反映了人作为主体的精神、气质、学识和修养。Exercise:I. Questions:1. Whats xuan paper?2. Is it easy to be a calligrapher? If not, why?3. Why do we say calligraphy is an expressive art?4. What are leaders of the other art forms besides calligraphy?5. Do you have a perfect understanding of the sent

26、ence “calligraphy is the soul of Chinese fine arts”? Explain the sentence to your partner. II. Written work近期, 你所在城市的中学生就“最美汉字”进行投票。请阅读下面一则新闻报道, 用英文写一篇短文, 向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。High school students recommend ren as message to the worldThe Chinese character ren, a word that generally means “benevol

27、ence”, has been selected by high school students in a poll(民意调查)to highlight Chinese culture around the world. The character ren was selected by 8.33 percent of the 3.000 respondents who took part in the poll, according to one of the organizers, a student from a high school. It was followed by the c

28、haracters ai, yi, meng and xiao, which mean love”, “one”, “dream and “filial piety”. Those characters ranked in the “top-20 most beautiful Chinese characters”. (China Daliy, March 6, 2013. Page 4)你的短文应包括以下内容： 1. 简要概括学生推荐这五个汉字的理由。 2. 简述你最想推荐的一至两个汉字及其寓意。 3. 谈谈你的感想。注意： 1. 对所有要点逐一陈述, 适当发挥, 不要简单翻译。 2. 词数

29、150左右。开头已经写好, 不计入总词数。 3. 作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息, 如校名、人名等。Recently, some high school students conducted a poll asking people to choose some Chinese characters that Can best reflect Chinese culture. _III. Proof reading假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏

30、字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词; 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Isitnecessarytopractisehandwriting?Somestudentsconsiderhandwritingleastimportantthanbefore.Theypreferredthekeyboardtothepennow,foritisfast,convenientanclear.Theythinkitiswasteoftimepractisinghand

31、writing.However,othersthinkChinesehandwritingisanimportantpartofourtraditionalculture.Thoughcomputersareveryconvenient,buthandwritingstillplaysanimportantroleinthemodernworld.Beside,beautifulhandwritingmakesagoodimpressioninothers.Itshowsyourattitudetodothings.Chinesecharacterareverybeautifulandrich

32、inculture.Asforme,whenreadinganeatwrittenarticle,youwillfeelpleasedandrelaxed.Suggested Answers3. Shaolin Wushu II. Written workDear Tom， You can come to live in my home on Friday nightThen we will leave at 6:30 on Saturday morningWell go to Shaolin Temple by busThere we can watch the performance of

33、 Shaolin GongfuI believe youll like itAnd we will enjoy the beautiful scenery of Songshan Mountain and have a good time at the riverside of the Yellow RiverBy the way，we can enjoy some local snacks thereAt 6：00 in the afternoon，well come back by busIm sure youll have a good time then Do you like it?

34、 Well, see you on Friday4. Chinese CalligraphyI. Questions:II. Written workRecently, some high school students conducted a poll asking people to choose some Chinese characters that can best reflect Chinese culture.Among tens of thousands of characters, “ren, ai, yi, meng, xiao” are strongly recommen

35、ded Obviously, most students think the five characters carry typical Chinese culture in terms of traditional beliefs and core values concerning morality and ethics, which are principles and necessities for a qualified human being. Of all characters, I will also put ren on the top of my list, which i

36、s followed by meng. Being ren, that is, being kind, caring and helpful, calls on one to he friendly and considerate to others Holding meng, which means best wishes for the future, one is not only to seek for opportunities for a better life, but also to create brand-new things for people around the w

37、orld, feeling happy and optimistic. Personally, Chinese characters are so charming that they are treasures of human cultures with deep love for Chinese culture. We should strive to promote them to the world. III. Proof reading1.least改为less 2. preferred改为prefer 3.waste前加上a 4.删掉but 5.Beside改为Besides 6.in改为on 7.do改为doing 8.character改为characters 9.neat改为neatly 10.you改为I