专题01 重难点词汇复习(必修三Units 1-4)-2021-2022学年高一年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

1、2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（牛津译林版版2020）专题01 重难点词汇复习(必修三Units 1-4)Part I 必修三Unit 1单元词汇知识点复习1. harm /hm/ n. & vt. 伤害，损害原文：The human race has done much harm.【词块积累】(1)do harm to 对有害cause harm to.对造成危害There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事并无害处。(2)harmful adj.有害的be harmful to.对有害(3)harmless adj.无害的2.length /le/

2、 n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长原文：The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in lengthroughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.【词块积累】in length 长度at length 最后，终于；详细地at arms length 疏远；在手臂伸得到的地方lengthen vt. 使延长；加长 vi. 延长；变长3. variety /vrati/ n. 不同种类；变化，

3、多样性；变种，变体原文：The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.【词块积累】(1) a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的(2) various adj.各种各样的；不同的(3) vary v.改变；变化vary from.to. 由到不等4. mass /ms/ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的原文：The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是要

4、确定文学的一些重要品质。 【词块积累】(1)a mass/masses of大量(2) the mass of大多数(3)massive adj.非常大的；巨大的【注意】the mass of名词 作主语，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。a mass/masses of名词 作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。5. survive /svav/ vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难原文：While a significant number of jaguars survive here, the

5、y are only one element of this forests food chain.【词块积累】(1) survive sth. 幸免于；从活过来survive on依靠生活survive sb. by.比某人多活(2) survival n.生存；幸存(3)survivor n.生还者，幸存者6. in turn 相应地，转而原文：These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.【词块积累】take turns to do sth = do sth in turn 轮流做某事It is ones t

6、urn to do sth.轮到某人做拓展(turn):turn down 拒绝 turn out 结果是turn to 向.求助 turn into 变成turn around 转身7. break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）原文：When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 【词块积累】break into 强行闯入 break in 插嘴，打断；破门而入break out (战争、火灾等)爆发 b

7、reak off 断开；(谈话)中断break up 分手；（关系）破裂 break through 冲破；取得突破break away from 突然离开；脱离8. due to由于, 因为原文：Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里, 约17%的雨林因农业和养牛等人类活动而消失。【词块积累】(1)be due to do sth. 预期

8、做某事be due to sb. 应支付/归于某人(2)表示“由于，因为”的短语还有：because of，owing to，thanks to，on account of等。e up with想出, 想到原文：All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。【词块积累】come back 回来；记起；恢复原状，重新流行come out 出现；出版；结果是come into 进入；得到come on v. 快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生come

9、up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出come in 进来；到达；流行起来come up with 提出；想出；赶上come across v. 偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；口给人印象10. application n. 应用, 运用; 申请原文：Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.【词块积累】(1)make an application (to) for (向)申请(2)apply v. 运用; 申请; 应用apply to do sth. 申请做某事

10、applyto 将用在上apply (to sb) for sth. (向某人)申请某物apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于(做)某事(3)applicant n. 申请人11. spring to mind 马上想到，突然记起(或想到)原文：When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to mind.【词块积累】bear/keep.in mind 记住lose ones mind 失去理智 bring.to mind 使想起come to mind

11、突然想起 change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind 打定主意；下定决心(mind的形式随one的单复数变化而变化)12.get rid of摆脱; 丢弃; 扔掉原文:The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; its also given me a cough that I cant get rid of. 空气中的烟雾把天空染成了灰蒙蒙的烟灰, 还使我无法摆脱地咳嗽。 【词块积累】rid of 使摆脱; 使丢弃rid oneself of 摆脱/去掉get/be rid of 消除掉, 丢掉

12、13. defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守原文：In defence of the factories, however, Id like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.【词块积累】(1) in defense of 保护；为了保卫；(为)辩护come to ones defense 出来保护某人in ones defense 为某人辩护；站在某人一边(2) defend vt.保卫；保护defend.against/from(doing.)防御；保护

13、以免受defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护14.consequence n.结果,后果；重要性【词块积累】(1) as a consequencein consequence 结果；因此as a consequence ofin consequence of由于的缘故(2) consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的(3) consequently adv.所以；因此；结果必修三Unit 2单元词汇知识点复习1.injure vt. 伤害；使受伤； 损害原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the curre

14、nt figures 200 injured in the disaster area at large.【词块积累】(1)injured adj. 受伤的the injured 伤员(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 2.reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应原文：Her students reaction was quick and correct-they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the

15、desks. 【词块积累】(1)reaction to.对的反应(2)react v.作出反应；回应react to对作出反应；回应react with. 与起反应react against 反抗3.confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准原文：After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other.点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。【词块积累】(1) confirm ones opinion

16、证明某人的观点It has been confirmed that 已确认confirm ones belief/ determination坚定某人的信念/决心confirm sb. in sth.使某人坚信某事(2) confirmation n.证实；确认4. signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志n.信号，暗号；信号灯；标志原文：She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序

17、离开教室。 【词块积累】(1)a danger/warning signal危险/警告信号traffic signals 交通信号灯(2)signal (to)sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事signal to sb. 向某人示意signal (sb.)that. 示意(某人)5.occur vi 发生；出现；存在于原文：Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching

18、tsunami. 【词块积累】(1)sth. occurs/occurred to sb. 某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事It occurs to sb. that./to do. 某人突然想到(2)occurrence n.出现；发生，事件6.relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济原文：To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger.使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。【词块积累】(1)to ones relief令某人欣慰的是with relief欣慰地；如释重负地

19、Its a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。(2)relieve vt.减轻；解除；救援relieve sb. of. 减轻某人的；将某人从中解脱出来(3)relieved adj.感到宽慰的7.inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉原文：Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 【词块积累】(1) inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事inform sb. that.通知某人keep sb. informed of sth. 随时告知某人某事(3) information n.信息8.shock n.

20、 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤原文：Yes. That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock. 【词块积累】(1)shocked adj.感到震惊的be shocked by/at.对感到震惊be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而感到震惊be shocked that.对感到震惊(2)shocking adj.令人震惊的

21、9.scare vt. &vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didnt scare me, 大风和大雨并没有吓到我, (教材P20) 【词块积累】(1) scare.away/off把吓跑scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事(2)scared adj.害怕的，吓坏了的(be) scared to death吓得要死be scared to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事be scared of sb. /sth. 害怕某人/某事(3)scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的10.power /pa(

22、r)/ n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控 制力；能力；能量；力量原文：The strong wind and heavy rain didnt scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.【词块积累】(1) in power当权come to power上台beyond ones power某人力所不能及(2) powerful adj.效能高的；强有力的；强壮的11.run out of 用完, 用尽原文：Were you afraid of running out of supplies?你是不是担心补给品用光了

23、？【词块积累】run across 偶然遇见run after 追捕；追求run away from . 逃离run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等）run for 竞选run through 浏览；快速穿越 12.donate vt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血），捐献（器官）原文：Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。【词块积累】(1) donate sth. to.向捐赠某物(2) donation n.捐赠；捐赠物；捐款giv

24、e/make a donation to.向捐赠(3) donor n.捐赠者13.curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的原文：She was curious to see how much water there was outside. 她很想看看外面有多少水。【词块积累】(1)be curious about sth. 对某事好奇be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事(2)curiously adv.好奇地(3)curiosity n.好奇心out of curiosity出于好奇with curiositycuriously好奇地14.break out

25、突然开始；爆发原文：The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。【词块积累】break down 出故障; 关系破裂，分解; 奔溃; 拆除;破除（障碍或偏见） break out 爆发，突然发生break up （关系）破裂，分手，中止，打碎break through （取得）突破，冲破 break off 突然停止 break of 放弃，改掉（习惯） break into 闯入必修三Unit 3单元词汇知识点复习1.take off 突

26、然大受欢迎，迅速流行；脱下；(飞机)起飞；(事业)腾飞；休假原文：Soon emojis took off throughout the world.【词块积累】take away拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)take down记下来；拿下；拆掉take up占据；从事take out拿出take on呈现；雇用take over接收，接管，取代take in吸收；理解；欺骗2.access /kses/ n. 机会，权利；路径，通道 vt. 到达，进入，使用原文：We can achieve almost anything online-with access to the Internet

27、come some truly life-changing advantages.【词块积累】(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to. 拥有的机会；可以接近；可以进入give access to使接近；准许进入(2)accessible adj.可接近的，可进入的；可使用的be accessible to.对于可接近的，可靠近的；可使用的3.bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；抚养，养育；提出（讨论等）；呕吐原文：(教材P30) In the time it takes to find one book in the library，we can use

28、a search engine to bring up millions of results. 在图书馆找一本书所花的时间里，我们可以用搜索引擎找到数百万条的结果。【词块积累】bring in 请某人做，让某人参与；引进；获利，赚钱bring out 出版；使显现bring about 引起；导致bring down 打倒（动物），打落（鸟）；减少，降低bring back 恢复；使想起4.majority /mdrti/ n. 大部分，大多数； 多数票原文：(教材P30) No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that

29、the majority of people turn to for information. 难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选途径。【词块积累】(1)in a/the majority 占大多数(2)major adj.重要的，主要的 n.主修科目 vi.主修，专攻major in 主修(3)minority n.少数；少数民族in a/the minority占少数注意：the majority作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。a/the majority of n.作主语时，谓语动词则常与of后的名词保持一致。5.arrangement n. 安排，筹备；布置，安排方式

30、；约定，商定原文：(教材P31) When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all your travel arrangements just in front of the computer.你想去度假，在电脑前就能安排所有的旅游行程。【词块积累】(1) make arrangements/an arrangement for.为做安排(2)arrange vt.安排；准备arrange to do sth.安排做某事arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事6.above all else 最重要的是，尤其是原文：Ab

31、ove all else，the Internet helps us establish and maintain social ties.【词块积累】all in all 总而言之in all总共；共计at all 根本；全然(常用于否定句、条件句中加强语气)above all 首先；最重要的是first of all 首先after all毕竟，终究，不管怎么说7.aware adj. 知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有意识的原文：(教材P31) As with any great invention, we must be aware of these problems and be car

32、eful to use the Internet properly and responsibly. 就像任何伟大的发明一样，我们必须意识到这些问题，并恰当地、负责任地谨慎使用互联网。【词块积累】(1)be/become aware of意识到；觉察；了解be aware that.意识到/知道as far as Im aware据我所知(2) awareness n.意识raise awareness提高认识(3)unaware adj.没有意识到的，不知道的6. belong to 属于，归所有原文：Just Dance is a website belonging to all danc

33、e lovers. 【词块积累】belongings n.财产；所有物；相关事物belonging n.归属belong vi.属于注意：belong to不用于进行时和被动语态。7.set up建立，开办，创建；安装好，设置；安排，策划原文：Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance, so she set up JustDance. 【词块积累】set about sth 开始做；着手做set sth aside 把放到一旁（或搁到一边）； 省出，留出（钱或时间）set out 出发；开始；陈述；陈列set in vi. 开始；到来；流行s

34、et forth 陈述，提出；出发；陈列；宣布set off v. 出发；引起；动身；使爆炸；抵销；分开8.request vt.请求，要求n请求，要求原文：Having achieved such success, Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. For example, she has requested a technical team to develop an app so as to satisfy different users needs. 【词块积累】request sth

35、 (from sb) （正式或礼貌地）请求，要求request sb (not) to do sth 要求某人（不）做某事request that要求(从句谓语用“should动词原形”形式，should可以省略)request for 要求；对有请求at the request of/at ones request 应的邀请，应的要求on request 应要求；承索（即寄等）9. entertainment n娱乐活动；招待，娱乐原文：News, Search engines, Email, Instant messaging, Entertainment, Shopping, Payme

36、nt, Travel booking.【词块积累】(1)for entertainment 为了娱乐to ones entertainmentto the entertainment of sb. 使某人快乐的是(2)entertain v. 招待；款待；使有兴趣；使快乐entertain sb.with. 用使某人快乐；用招待某人entertain sb.to. 宴请/招待某人(3) entertaining adj. 令人愉快的10.addict /dkt/ n. 对入迷的人；瘾君子原文：I was a smartphone addict. My eyes were glued to th

37、e little screen whenever walked down the street, had dinner with friends or lay in bed at night. 【词块积累】(1)addicted adj. 对着迷的，沉迷的；有瘾的，上瘾的be addicted to = addict oneself to 沉溺于，对入迷(to为介词) be/get/become addicted to sth上瘾；沉迷于(2)addiction n. U，C瘾，嗜好，入迷(3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的；使人入迷的11.quit vt. & vi. 停止，戒掉；

38、离开；离开，迁出，搬离（住处）原文：(教材P39) Sliding into the habit was easy, but it was difficult to quit the habit. 不知不觉地形成这种习惯很容易，但想戒除这个习惯却没那么容易。【词块积累】quit (doing) sth. =give up (doing) sth. 停止（做）某事quit school 退学quit the army 退伍quit ones job 辞职quit as . 辞去职务12.appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识，重视；感激，感谢原文：(教材P40) Best of all, I b

39、egan to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes, instead of through my smartphone camera. 最重要的是，我开始用自己的眼睛去欣赏生活中的美，而不是通过智能手机的摄像头。【词块积累】(1)appreciate (sb./sb.s) doing. 感激(某人)做(2)I would appreciate it if. 如果，我将不胜感激。(3)appreciation n. U欣赏；感激(4)appreciative adj. 欣赏的；感激的必修三Unit 4单元词汇知识点复习1. surroun

40、d vt.围绕，环绕；包围原文：He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。【词块积累】(1)surround.with.用环绕/包围be surrounded with/by.被包围(2)surrounding adj.附近的，周围的(3)surroundings n.环境，周围的事物2.indicate v. 指出; 提及; 表明; 暗示; 示意 原文：The results indicated that something produced by the mould had k

41、illed the bacteria. 结果表明, 霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。【词块积累】indicate sth. to sb. 向某人示意/ 指出某事indicate that 指示/表明indication n.暗示; 表示; 预兆indicator指示器 3.favo(u)r n. 帮助、恩惠; 赞成; 善意的行为; 偏爱; 支持; 有利于 原文：As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind. ”正如路易巴斯德所说: “幸运总是垂青有准备的人。”【词块积累】(1)do sb. a favour 帮某人的忙(2)a

42、sk sb. a favourask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙(3)in favour of 赞成，支持(4)in ones favour 对某人有利(5)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的(6)favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的4.charge v. 充电; 收费; 控告; 谴责; 使承担责任; 使充满 n. 收费; 控告; 谴责; 掌管原文：When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. 当雷雨来临时, 闪电就会给钥匙充电。【词块积累】(1)charge. for

43、. 因向收费charge for. 收的费用free of charge (for free) 免费(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 控告/指控某人(做)某事on a charge (of sth.) (因某事)被指控(3)in charge 负责in charge of. 主管/负责(表状态，主语通常为人)in the charge of sb. 由某人掌管(主语通常为物)take charge of. 掌管/负责(表动作)5.involve /nvlv/ vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加原文：I had

44、 to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science?”【词块积累】(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth.把某人牵涉到某事；让某人参与(做)某事involve doing.包含做(2)be/get involved with涉及；与有关be/get involved in卷入；专注于；参与中6.apply /pla/ vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关原文：Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad-but it does

45、 not carry instructions on how to apply it. 【词块积累】(1)apply to (doing) sth.适用于(做)某事apply for sth.申请某物apply sth.to sth.把应用于 apply oneself to (doing) sth.致力于(做)某事(2)application n.申请(书)；应用(3)applicant n.申请人7.permit /pmt/ vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 /pmt/ n. 许可证C原文：In order to progress, we must not forget th

46、e importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question-to doubt-to not be sure.【词块积累】(1)permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事permit doing sth.允许做某事(2) permission n.许可；允许ask for permission请求许可without permission未经许可，擅自with ones permission经某人允许8.intend vi.

47、&vt. 想要; 计划; 意指原文：In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 在20世纪60年代, 许多人死于疟疾, 1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长, 这个小组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。【词块积累】(1)be intended for专门为准备/打算be intended to do sth.专为做某事而设计的；旨在做某事intend sb.to do sth.打算让

48、某人做某事intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事，计划做某事(2)intention n.用意；目的；意图with the intention of为了，以为目的/意图9.refer to查阅，参考；描述，与相关，涉及；说及，谈到，说起原文：When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.【词块积累】refer. to. 将. 送交.refer to. as. 称. 为.refere

49、nce n 参考；参考书；提及in/with reference to 关于10.limited adj.有限的原文：However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 【词块积累】(1)limit vt. 限制，限定n. C限度，限制；界限，范围limit.to. 把限制在内(其被动形式为be limited to.)without limit 无限地，无限制地within limits 在一定范围内，适度地；有限度地s

50、et a limit on. 对作出限制There is a/no limit to. 是有/无限度的。(to是介词)(2)unlimited adj. 尽量多的，任意多的，无限制的limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的，无止境的limitation n. U限制，控制；C，usually pl.局限，限度11.beneficial adj.有益的; 有用的原文：Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed di

51、scover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代科学家利用中医的智慧, 确实会发现更多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。【词块积累】(1)be beneficial to对有益，对有用(2)benefit v.对有用，使受益；得益于 n.益处benefit from/by得益于，受益于be of benefit to对有利for sb.s benefitfor the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益12.conduct vt. /vi.组织, 实施; 指挥; 引导; 举止; 传导n.行为原文：Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally pay off.【词块积累】(1)conduct sb. around 带某人参观conduct sb. to 带某人去conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好/差(2)conduction n.传导conductorn. 指挥, 售票员