人教版高中英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning-词汇篇（教师版）.docx

1、第3讲 Cloning 词汇篇_1. 熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。一. 重点词汇1. differ v. 不同；相异；使.相异常用结构：A differs from B in .A与B在.方面不同A differs with B about/on/over. A与B就.意见相左Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有车库。The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay.双方在报酬的

2、问题上仍各持己见。 联想拓展difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的make a difference to 对.产生变化；对什么有影响different from 与.不同，不同于高手过招2. undertake vt.（undertook;undertaken）着手；从事；承担；保证，答应常用结构：undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事undertake that .保证.The scientist undertakes the experiment. 这位科学家从事这项实验。I can

3、undertake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。The lawyer undertook a new case.那个律师接了一个新的案子。He undertook to finish the job by Friday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。3. Objectionn. 不赞成；反对；异议常用结构：have an objection to . 反对.raise/voice an objection 提出异议联想拓展object v. 反对，不赞成n. 物体;目标object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事ob

4、ject to doing sth. 反对做某事 object that . 反对.No one objected to the plan.没有人反对这项计划。We object to being treated like this.我们反对受到这样的待遇。Why do some people object to human cloning? 为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢？The building is the main object of his interest. 他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。4. obtain vt. 获得；赢得易混辨析obtain/acquire/gain/earn/ach

5、ieveobtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于表示对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。earn意为“挣得，赢得”，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。He failed to obtain a scholarship.他没有获得奖学金。I finally managed to obtain a copy of the re

6、port.我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本。We should try to acquire good habits.我们应该努力养成好习惯。He found it easy to earn extra money.他发现赚点额外收入很容易。But we can only achieve it together.然而，只有共同奋斗才能实现它。5. forbid vt. (forbade/forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍常用结构：forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事The law f

7、orbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。6. owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；应该把.归功于.；感激，感恩常用结构：owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人)债owe sth. to sb./sth.将某事物归因或归功于某人/事He owes his father 50. = He owes 50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们把这一

8、发现归功于牛顿。7. resistvt.抵抗；对抗常用结构：resist sth. 抵制；阻挡某事resist doing sth. 反对做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事The nation was unable to resist the invasion. 该国无力抵抗侵略。A healthy body resists disease. 健康的身体能抵御疾病。I could hardly resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。resistance n. 抵抗，反抗；抵抗力resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistant to

9、 sb./sth.对某人/某事有抵抗力resister n. 抵制者；抗拒者；电阻器二. 重点短语8. pay off得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇；(对.进行)报复；收买(某人)At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?联想拓展pay for付.的钱；为.而付出代价pay back sth./pay sb. back sth. 偿还某物/偿还某人某物pay sb. .for sth. 因某事而付给某人.pay sb. .to do sth. 付给某人

10、.去做某事pay sb. back for sth. 向.报复 9. in favor of 赞成;支持；有利于；主张I am in favor of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。in sb.s favor对某人有利do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 帮某人忙do sb. the favor to do sth./do sb. a favor by doing sth.帮助某人做某事Favorvt. 赞同；支持The child favors his father with his brown eyes. 这个孩子棕色的眼睛像他的

11、父亲。 注意：表示“支持，赞同某人/某事”，除了用in favor of之外；还可以用：be for sb./sth.; stand on ones side等。be against sb./sth.表示“不支持，不赞同某人/某事”。10. (be) bound to do .一定或注定(做).The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好的。 Youve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam.你下了这么大功夫, 一定能通过考试。 联想拓展 bound v. 跳跃;限

12、制;形成.的界限n. 跳跃;界限;范围adj.必然的,一定的be bound to sth. 受.限制；被.所束缚 be bound for 准备到.去；开往；去.地方be bound up with 与.有密切关系 11. be in good/poor condition状况很好（坏）;情况很好（坏）联想拓展out of condition 状况欠佳working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境on condition (that). 在.条件下；倘若.on no condition 一点也不; 决不in excellent condition 处

13、于极佳的状况The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。The car is still in excellent condition. 这辆汽车状况极佳。三. 重点句型12. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。当时间副词now, then位于句首，谓语是come, appear等表示出现一类的动词时，主句用全倒装语序。Now comes you

14、r turn. 现在轮到你了。1. (2019江苏高考) -Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.-I see. Ill go right away and _ him .A. pay; backB. pay; forC. pay; upD. pay; off答案: D解析: 考察pay的相关短语的用法。A偿还B付钱C付清全部欠款，根据句意因为付清工资后解雇，故选D。2. (2019湖北高二下) Clinical evidence began to , suggesting that the new drug

15、s had a wider range of useful activities than had been predict from experiments in animal.A. operateB. strengthenC. approveD. accumulate答案: D解析: 考查动词变析。A操作B加强C证明D积累，根据句意选D。3. (2019安徽高考)Ignoring the between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A. differB. differentC. d

16、iffersD. difference答案: D解析: 此句考查词性转换，A动词B形容词C动词单三D名词，剧中缺少主语，要用名词，故选D。4. (2019湖北高二下)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster many teachers would prefer to see him step aside younger men .A. in terms ofB. in need ofC. in favor ofD. in praise of答案: C解析: 句意：.许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。A就.而言；B需要；C支持；

17、D赞扬；所以选C。5. (2019湖北武汉高二下)His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pocket.A.in placeB. in sightC. in effectD. in vain答案: D解析: 此题考查介词短语辨析，A在恰当的位置B在视力所及范围内C实际上D白费力气，故选D。基础演练一. 用适当的介词填空1. The two squares differ color but not size. 2.

18、 The husband differs the wife who is to take charge of the money.3. It doesnt make a difference me whether you are going to stay.4. This is a different car the one I drove yesterday.5. How much do I owe you the groceries?6. He owes his success more luck than ability.7. I owe a lot my wife and childr

19、en.8. The car has been well maintained and is excellent condition. 9. I had no exercise for ages; Im really of condition. 10. You can go out condition that you wear an overcoat.Key: 1. in; in 2. with; on/about/over 3. to 4. from 5. for 6. to; to 7. to 8.in 9. out 10. on 巩固提高二. 用pay的相关短语填空After ten y

20、ears of hard working she finally her debt.Our efforts are sure to .Have you the milkman this week?Have you the money the bank yet?I will you next week.Key: paid offpay offpaidpaid; topay; back一. 单项选择1. You effort is sure to pay _ Thank you for you encouragement.A. offB. forC. backD. down2.These two

21、shirts are a similar style , although they _ in that one has short sleeves and one has long.A. differB. changeC. lookD. sell 3. He undertook _ the work by Monday.A. to finishB. finishing C. finishesD. finished 4. Her parents objected to _ that farmer , though he was very rich.A. she married B. her t

22、o marry C. marryD. her marrying 5. The majority spoke against the plan , while he spoke at the meeting _ it.A. in connection withB. in search of C. in terms of D. in favor of 6. The black people thus lay on the hard wooden boards , _ stand up.A. unable to B. couldntC. was unable toD. can t7. _ what

23、we have now , we can t afford so large a house.A. In B. At C. WithD. Near8. I came home very late last night , _ , early this morning .A. at least B. on the whole C. in a wordD. or rather 9. He is a cutter (刀具商)- _ , a man who sells knives and sharp tools.A. that is to say B. in general C. what s mo

24、reD. in conclusion 10. She sent pocket money _ to him for a year .A. ahead of time B. from time to timeC. on time D. at a time 11. The law _ the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16 .A. encouragesB. allowsC. forbids D. helps 12. The marriage on the basis of money _ break up .A. is determ

25、ined toB. is going to C. is bound to D. is hoping to 13. He tried to run away from the police and was charged with _ arrest .A. controllingB. resisting C. winning D. losing 14. Scientist are hoping for a _ in the search for a cure for cancer .A. breakthroughB. break C. dealD. progress15. My calculat

26、ions were based on the _ that house prices would remain steady.A.theoryB. assumptionC. procedure D. regulation Key: 1-5 AAADD 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 CCBAB _一. 单项选择1. Believe me, all your efforts will _ some day. Thanks for your encouragement.A. pay backB. pay downC. pay offD. pay up2. Her abandoned teachi

27、ng _ a career as a musician.A. instead ofB. in favor of C. in view ofD. in the event of3. Thanks, but you neednt have _. I bought a new one this morning.A. stood B. worked C. bothered D. operated4. It would have made a lot of _ if you told me this two days earlier.A. effect B. resultC. outcome D. di

28、fference5. It isnt _ to expect a surgeon to be able to make correct judgment in every case.A. reasonableB. naturalC. normalD. that I got6. She is too fat, but she cant _ sweets.A. removeB. resist C. reject D. object7. The professor spoke very clearly to make his speech easy.A. to understand B. under

29、stand C. understanding D. understood.8. Hes obviously quite embarrassed about it because he _ me to tell anyone.A. promised B. encouragedC. got D. forbade9.He got into an _ with Jeff in the pub last night and they still didnt reach any conclusion.A. acquaintance B. argument C. admiration D. agreemen

30、t10. Since she _ from the company, she begun to work as a volunteer for4 a house for the aged.A. differed B. rose C. retired D. formedKey: 1-5 CBCDA 6-10 BADBC 二. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Noah has a cottage on a cliff above a big bay. In winter it could be very dirty because of str

31、ong winds and sea spray. In fact, when a gale (大风) was blowing, Noah and her husband got used to sleeping in a small room downstairs, because their bedroom upstairs, which faced the gales, had a very big window, and they were afraid that an extra violent gust might break it and blow pieces of broken

32、 glass over them. Also, the salt spray from the sea put an end to many of the colorful plants Noah planted in the garden. She tried putting up a fence to protect them, but the wind just hit it, went up over the top and then down the other side, so in the end she filled the garden with trees and bush

33、es that liked salt. But most of the summer Noah enjoyed her cottage and garden very much. At weekends she could sit out-of-doors in the sun, looking at the beautiful view, with interesting ships and boats passing by, and she could very easily cycle down to the sea for a swim. Now, Noah and her husba

34、nd had plenty of friends and relations. In the summer lots of them used to come to enjoy the beautiful place, and in the end it really became quite annoying for Noah and her husband. When they were at home, they found friends and relations arriving, expecting to be given unlimited drinks and meals,

35、and to sit in the sun for hours, talking as if Noah and her husband had nothing else to do but entertain and listen to them. This went on for several years. Noah did no wish to appear rude by refusing to let her friends and relations in, but on the other hand, she was getting tired every summer. The

36、n one day Noah was complaining about this to her hairdresser while she was doing her hair. Youre disturbed by too many uninvited guests, are you? said the hairdresser. Why dont you try my way of escaping? Whats that? asked Noah. Well, the hairdresser answered, when the bell rings, I put on my coat a

37、nd take my shopping bag. If its someone I dont want to see, I say innocently, Im sorry, but Ive got to go out. But. 1. In paragraph One the underlined word spray probably means _.A. wastes produced by some birds living near the seaB. great waves caused by strong windC. plants floating on the surface

38、 of the seaD. very small drops of sea water sent through the air by something2. We can infer that _.A. a lot of friends came to visit them in winterB. few friends came to visit them in winterC. Friends came to visit them only for drinks and mealsD. Noah was a good cook3. The best title for the passa

39、ge might be _.A. A Good Place of Enjoying the Sea B. A Warm-hearted CoupleC. A Clever Way of Escaping D. A Visit to Noah4. What the Hairdresser is likely to continue to say in the end is _.A. If I am tired, I say, Sorry, can you come next time?B. If its someone I like to see, I say, How lucky! Ive j

40、ust come in!C. If its someone I like to see, I say, How happy to see you! I was going shopping, but now Ive changed my mind.D. If it is fine that day, I My, I am tired, but Ill show you around the place, anyhow. Key:DBCB三. 书面表达今年夏天你和其他同学参加了一次野外生存训练(wildness survival program)。请根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文来描述这次

41、活动并谈谈自己的感受。时 间活 动你的感受7月l0日至12 日1携带物品：指南针、帐篷、手电筒、地图、急救包、火柴、食品、和衣物等。2途中翻过三座山，游过两条河。在穿越森林时迷了路，靠指南针你们找到了正确的方向。3在营地，支起帐篷，自己生火、做饭。4学习紧急救护。注意： a)词数100左右。b)生词：指南针 compass 手电筒 flashlight 急救包 first-aid kit 宿营地 campsite_Key:My classmates and I took part in a wildness survival program from July 10th to July 13t

42、h this summer. Before we started, we were equipped with a compass, a map, a first-aid kit, tents, flashlights, some food, some clothes and so on. On the way we climbed three hills and swam across two rivers. We lost our way in the forest. Luckily we found the right direction with the compass. As soon as we arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking. We also learned how to give first-aid. Through the program, we learned to use knowledge gained in class to solve problems. It was quite an unforgettable experience for me.