人教版高中英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning-语法篇（学生版）.docx

1、第4讲Cloning 语法篇_1.掌握同位语从句的结构与功能；2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。一. 概述：同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have

2、 no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。二. 同位语从句的功能1.同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay

3、 still is given by the general.2.whether eg: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor3.连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which1)I have no idea what size shoes she wears.2)I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.3)The question who will ta

4、ke his place is still not clear.三. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting were put off.四. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名

5、词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）五. 如何判断从句类型：1. 放句首没有用逗号分开的，一般是主语从句，也有可能是状语从句，但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词，则一定是主语从句。2. 放及物动词后，若及物动词

6、不是被动语态，后面一定是宾语从句；若句首为It，该及物动词是被动语态，后面一般是主语从句（It+ is + adj/n./done+ that/whether/when）或状语从句。3. 放be动词后，后面就是表语从句，但 “It is/was + 从句(被强调成分) + that”是强调句（强调句中“非谓语”）。4. 放名词后，一般是定语从句，但若该名词有“内涵/内容”( fact/truth/news/ information /problem /suggestion /idea / doubt )， 则很可能是同位语从句。1. (2019重庆卷)Is it true that Mike

7、refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.A. whenB. why C. thatD. how答案: B解析: 本题实际上是一个同位语从句，是对名词idea的内容进行的说明。短语have no idea后面可以使用多种形式的同位语结构，如have no idea where to go等。根据句意可知使用why表示原因。故B正确。2. (2019浙江高考) The only way to

8、succeed at the highest level id to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. howB. thatC. whichD. whether答案: B解析: 此句是同位语从句，对belief进行说明，根据句意从句部分不缺少成分，that引导，所以选B。3. (2019兰州高二下)Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any ideathe party is to be held.A. that B. whichC. whe

9、reD. what答案: C解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句对idea进行说明，从句中缺少地点状语，所以选C。4. (2019浙江温州高二下) Word comes _ free souvenirs will be given to whoever comes first.A. what B. thatC. whyD. which答案: B解析: 此题考查同位语从句，从句是对word进行解释，由于从句中不缺少成分，用that引导，所以选B。5. (2019江苏南昌高二下)-Dad, can you meet my demand I be given a chance to travel to

10、Beijing?A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when答案: B解析: 此句考查同位语从句的引导词，从句是对demand进行解释，从句部分不缺少成分，根据句意应该填that，所以选择B。基础演练1. What do you think his proposal _ we _ a play at the English party.A. what; put up B. that; put on C. which; put up D. that; put off2. _ is known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2019 W

11、orld Expo.A. WhichB. This C. That D. It3. He made a promise _ he would help me.A. thatB. which C. whether D. why4. Mother made a promise _ I entered a key school, she would take me to Hongkong.A. thatB. that if C. if D. whether5. All the people around the world have the same simple dream _ they will

12、 always live in peace and comfort.A. thatB. whichC. where D. when巩固提高6. They have no idea at all_.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone7. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact8. Th

13、e order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leaveC. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move10. The question came up at the meeting_ we h

14、ad enough money for our research.A. that B. whichC. whether D. if11. The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. what C. which D. whether12. Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A. thatB. whichC. of which D. what13. It remains a quest

15、ion _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. what14. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. whoB. thatC. asD. which15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be do

16、neC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done1. I have no idea _he will come back.A. WhereB. when C. what D. that2. The news _surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A. ThatB. when C. what D. how 3. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.

17、what thatB. that which C. that whatD. which that4. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. WhatB. whether C. that D. which5. They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .whichB. whenC. / D .that 6. He cant answer the question _he got the money. A.

18、 thatB. whomC. how D. whether7. I have the information _.A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soonC. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon8. But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.A. howB. where C. when D. that9. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him ve

19、ry rich.A. thatB. if C. what D. that if10. His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go11. An idea came to her_ she might do the experiment in another day.A. thatB. what C. when D. which12.They have

20、 no idea at all _.A. where he has gone B. which place he has gone C. where did he go D. where has he gone13. The question remains _ the Party can win the majority of the people.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. /14. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. WhetherB. WhereC. ThatD. when 1

21、5. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether_一. 单项选择1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.thatB.what C.whichD.why 3.The news _ he wa

22、s kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.whyD.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.whenB.that C.what D./ 二. 用恰当的关系词填空1. The news _our team has won the game is really encouraging.2. I have no idea _ he did

23、it.3. I have no idea _ the meeting will begin.4. The problem _(if/whether) they will go to Beijing hasnt been discussed yet.5. We havent settled the question _ were going to spend our summer vacation.三. 完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。After the board meeting, Frank bega

24、n to tell us of his childhood. I grew up in San Pedro. My dad was a fisherman and had his own 1 . But it was hard making a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he 2 enough to feed the family.He looked at us and said, I 3 you could have met my dad. He was a big man and strong fr

25、om pulling the nets and fighting the seas for his catch. When you got close to him, he 4 like the ocean. He would wear his old canvas, foul-weather coat and overalls with the rain hat 5 down over his brow. No matter how much my mother washed them, they would still smell of the sea and of fish.Franks

26、 voice 6 a bit as if he were back to his childhood. When the weather was bad he would drive me to school. His truck was older than he was, which you could hear coming for 7. As he would drive toward the school, I would shrink down into the seat hoping to 8.When the truck stopped, it would throw out

27、a cloud of smoke. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like 9 would be standing around and watching. Then he would 10 and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. It was so 11 for me at that time.He paused and then went on, I 12 that day I decided I was too old for a g

28、oodbye kiss. When we got to the school, he had his 13 big smile. He started to lean toward me, 14 I put my hand up and said, No, Dad.It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had this 15 look on his face. My dad looked at me for the longest time, and his eyes started to tear 16

29、. I had never seen him cry. He turned and looked out of the windshield. You are right, he said, You are a big boy -a man. I wont kiss you any more. Frank got a funny look on his face, and tears began to well up in his eyes as he spoke. It wasnt long 17 that when my dad went to sea and never came bac

30、k. It was a day when most of the fleet stayed 18 but not dad.I looked at Frank and saw that tears were running down his cheeks. Frank spoke again, Guys, you dont know 19 I would give to have my dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek . If I had been 20, I would never have told my dad I was too o

31、ld for a goodbye kiss.1. A. houseB. truckC. boatD. car2. A. caughtB. receivedC. madeD. took3. A. thinkB. wishC. hopeD. mean4. A. lookedB. tastedC. feltD. smelled5. A. pulledB. takenC. putD. laid6. A. workedB. roseC. lostD. dropped7. A. blocksB. streetsC. hoursD. moments8. A. appearB. escapeC. disapp

32、earD. flee9. A. the studentsB. everybodyC. somebodyD. the teachers10. A. come overB. lean overC. go overD. turn over11. A. excitingB. frighteningC. embarrassingD. surprising12. A. rememberB. believeC. thinkD. imagine13. A. unusualB. commonC. ordinaryD. usual14. A. and B. butC. soD. therefore15. A. s

33、urprisedB. excitedC. movedD. worried16. A. up B. downC. offD. away17. A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. from18. A. on B. in C. offD. out19. A. if B. thatC. whichD. what20. A. studentB. boyC. childD. man 四. 阅读理解What do we think with? Only the brain? Hardly. The brain is like a telephone exchange. It is the

34、 switchboard, but not the whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, making proper connections and send messages through to their destination. For efficient service, the body must function as a whole. But where is the mind? Is it in the brain? Or perhaps in the nervous system? After

35、all, can we say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not like a thing; like a leg, or even the brain. It is a function, an activity. Aristotle, 2,300 years ago, observed that the mind was to the body what cutting was to the axe.When the axe is not in use, there is no cutting. So with the

36、mind. Mind, said Charles H. Woolbert, is what the body is doing. If this activity is necessary for thinking, it is also necessary for carrying thought from one person to another. If you have never done this with great efforts, you have a surprise in store, for good conversationalists are almost cons

37、tantly in motion. Their heads are continuously nodding and shaking sometimes so vigorously (精神旺盛地) that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain (过劳). Even the legs and feet are active. As for the hands and arms, they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time. These people, remem

38、ber, are not making speeches. They are only common people trying to make others understand what they have in mind. They are not conscious of movement. Their speech is not studied. They are just human creatures in a human environment, trying to adapt themselves to a social situation. Yet they convers

39、e, not only with oral language, but with visible actions that involve practically every muscle in the body. In short, because people really think all over, a speaker must talk all over if he succeeds in making people think.1. The best title for the passage is probably _.A. Body Communication B. Writ

40、ten Language C. Spoken Language D. Conversations2. The statement which the author agrees with would be that _.A. thinking is a social activity B. thinking is only a brain functionC. thinking is a function of the nervous systemD. thinking is the total sum of body activity3. It can be inferred from th

41、e passage that the basic function of bodily activity in speech is to _.A. make the listener have strong feelingB. make the speaker understoodC. attract the listeners attention D. convey the speakers implied meaning to the listeners4. Which of the following is true?A. The brain is compared to a telephone exchange.B. The mind is an activity of the nervous system.C. Some people remain still while talking to others.D. Many people move their bodies on purpose while talking.